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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

After the hurricane: Validating a resilience assessment methodology

With increasing utility grid outages in the United States, there is growing interest in assessing risk and developing mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of grid outages. Working with the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed a replicable energy resilience assessment methodology and investment decision tool to: (1) identify and score hazards and vulnerabilities at the site level; (2) analyze risks to energy infrastructure; and (3) identify and prioritize energy resilience investments. This work improves on existing resilience assessment methodologies and tools by combining a bottom-up, all-hazards assessment methodology with top-down geographic information system mapping capabilities to provide an innovative, dynamic tool for identifying and prioritizing actionable solutions. This process combines probabilistic forecasting with an iterative approach for continuously updating and reassessing risks to address temporal dynamism. Relationships among systems are modeled and visualized to estimate the effectiveness of resilience actions across multiple interdependent systems and inform financial priorities through cost-difficulty-impact trade-offs. The approach is validated in a case study at Tyndall Air Force Base (AFB) in Florida, which experienced a Category 5 hurricane in 2018. The risks and mitigation strategies identified pre-hurricane are compared with post-hurricane, realized impacts. The assessment effectively identifies risks and actions to increase site energy resilience, but the methodology can be enhanced though greater consideration of the interdependencies between the energy system and related systems like transportation, communication, and food/water systems, which impact the recovery of the energy system and the base.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1994

Regularity of daily life in relation to personality, age, gender, sleep quality and circadian rhythms

A diary-like instrument to measure lifestyle regularity (the 'Social Rhythm Metric'-SRM) was given to 96 subjects (48 women, 48 men), 39 of whom repeated the study after at least one year, with additional objective measures of rest/activity. Lifestyle regularity as measured by the SRM related to age, morningness, subjective sleep quality and time-of-day variations in alertness, but not to gender, extroversion or neuroticism. Statistically significant test-retest correlations of about 0.4 emerged for SRM scores over the 12-30 month delay. Diary-based estimates of bedtime and waketime appeared fairly reliable. In a further study of healthy young men, 4 high SRM scorers ('regular') had a deeper nocturnal body temperature trough than 5 low SRM scorers ('irregular'), suggesting a better functioning circadian system in the 'regular' group.

NASA Discipline Regulatory Physiology↗
DOE OSTI2023

Mobility Energy Productivity and Equity: E-Bike Impacts for Low-Income Essential Workers in Denver

New mobility technologies such as electrified and shared mobility, combined with polices and incentive programs, are emerging to help address sustainability and equity issues in transportation planning. However, it can be difficult to understand the impacts of novel mobility trends and emerging modes on energy-efficient access. This is owing to a lack of (1) open-source tools enabling rapid data collection, and (2) open-source metrics that consider multimodal, multiactivity access and mobility within the contexts of sustainability and equity. Here, this paper addresses the topic of improving evaluation of transportation modes and incentive programs by integrating an open-source platform for tracking human travel data—the Open Platform for Agile Trip Heuristics (OpenPATH)—with a mobility metric that quantifies the efficiency of a region’s transportation system: Mobility Energy Productivity (MEP). Integration is demonstrated in the context of pilot programs in Colorado, where low-income essential workers were provided with electric bikes (e-bikes). OpenPATH-informed MEP calculations showed that several locations in downtown Denver provided comparable time-, cost-, and energy-efficient access to opportunities using e-bikes compared with driving. Additionally, providing e-bikes to low-income essential workers was found to be meaningful, as they utilized e-bikes the most to commute, despite driving still being their most utilized mode and the mode with highest MEP scores in Denver. We show how data collected from open-source tools coupled with robust metrics such as MEP can help evaluate the impacts of emerging mobility options. This could support developing policies to incentivize novel modes to achieve greater levels of sustainable, equitable, and efficient access.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data-driven Quasi-static Surrogate Models for Nuclear-powered Integrated Energy Systems

The integration of nuclear power into energy systems presents a promising avenue to address the growing global energy demands while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we introduce a data-driven quasi-static surrogate model for nuclear-powered Integrated Energy Systems (IES) that comprises various components, including a small modular reactor (SMR), steam manifold, balance of plant (BOP), high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE), and district heating (DH) system. Traditional physics-based models for these components often entail significant computational resource and time consumption, necessitating the development of efficient surrogate models. The development of a complete surrogate model for the IES involves the creation of individual surrogate models for each component, leveraging machine learning techniques and simulated data. These isolated surrogate models are subsequently integrated, enabling a holistic view of the IES and reducing the computational burden associated with detailed physics-based simulations. This paper outlines the development process, validation, and the performance evaluation of the surrogate models. The exceptional performance, with low root-mean-squared errors and R-squared scores of at least 99.8% across all individual surrogate models, underscores their accuracy and practical applicability. These results demonstrate the potential of these models to expedite the analysis of nuclear-powered IES, offering insights that can shape future research and development efforts.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Signature analysis of high-throughput transcriptomics screening data for mechanistic inference and chemical grouping

Abstract High-throughput transcriptomics (HTTr) uses gene expression profiling to characterize the biological activity of chemicals in in vitro cell-based test systems. As an extension of a previous study testing 44 chemicals, HTTr was used to screen an additional 1,751 unique chemicals from the EPA’s ToxCast collection in MCF7 cells using 8 concentrations and an exposure duration of 6 h. We hypothesized that concentration-response modeling of signature scores could be used to identify putative molecular targets and cluster chemicals with similar bioactivity. Clustering and enrichment analyses were conducted based on signature catalog annotations and ToxPrint chemotypes to facilitate molecular target prediction and grouping of chemicals with similar bioactivity profiles. Enrichment analysis based on signature catalog annotation identified known mechanisms of action (MeOAs) associated with well-studied chemicals and generated putative MeOAs for other active chemicals. Chemicals with predicted MeOAs included those targeting estrogen receptor (ER), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), retinoic acid receptor (RAR), the NRF2/KEAP/ARE pathway, AP-1 activation, and others. Using reference chemicals for ER modulation, the study demonstrated that HTTr in MCF7 cells was able to stratify chemicals in terms of agonist potency, distinguish ER agonists from antagonists, and cluster chemicals with similar activities as predicted by the ToxCast ER Pathway model. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) embedding of signature-level results identified novel ER modulators with no ToxCast ER Pathway model predictions. Finally, UMAP combined with ToxPrint chemotype enrichment was used to explore the biological activity of structurally related chemicals. The study demonstrates that HTTr can be used to inform chemical risk assessment by determining in vitro points of departure, predicting chemicals’ MeOA and grouping chemicals with similar bioactivity profiles.

Toxicology↗
NASA NTRS1999

The Airline Quality Rating 1999

The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline performance on combined multiple criteria. This current report, Airline Quality Rating 1999, reflects an updated approach to calculating monthly Airline Quality Rating scores for 1998. AQR scores for the calendar year 1998 are based on 15 elements that focus on airline performance areas important to air travel consumers. The Airline Quality Rating is a summary of month-by-month quality ratings for the ten major U.S. airlines operating during 1998. Using the Airline Quality Rating system of weighted averages and monthly performance data in the areas of on-time arrivals, involuntary denied boardings, mishandled baggage, and a combination of 12 customer complaint categories, major airlines comparative performance for the calendar year 1998 is reported. This research monograph contains a brief summary of the AQR methodology, detailed data and charts that track comparative quality for major airlines domestic operations for the 12 month period of 1998, and industry average results. Also, comparative Airline Quality Rating data for 1997, using the updated criteria, are included to provide a reference point regarding quality in the industry.

Bowen, Brent D.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Metabolite, annotation, and gene integration system and method

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for associating metabolites with genes. In some embodiments, after potential metabolites are identified based on spectroscopy data of the content of an organism, possible reactions capable of producing the potential metabolites are determined. The possible reactions are compared to gene sequences in a database, and an association score for the likelihood that a gene sequence is related to the potential metabolites is calculated.

Erbilgin, Onur↗
DOE OSTI2026

ELM‐MOSART‐DOC: A Large‐Scale Riverine Dissolved Organic Carbon Model and Its Application Over the United States

Riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), primarily sourced from soil organic carbon (SOC), plays a crucial role in regional and global carbon cycles. However, the complexities of the underlying mechanisms and limited observations present significant challenges for predictive understanding of DOC at regional or larger scales. Recently, we developed a machine learning‐based (ML) map of DOC transformation rates, bridging the gap between SOC and DOC leaching flux and simplifying terrestrial DOC representation. Building on this advancement, we introduce ELM‐MOSART‐DOC, a DOC module integrated into the riverine component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM)—the Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport (MOSART). ELM‐MOSART‐DOC simulates DOC transport and transformation across both headwater streams and river networks, including those managed. Model validation demonstrates the ability of ELM‐MOSART‐DOC to accurately capture long‐term average DOC concentrations, with Kling‐Gupta Efficiency (KGE) scores of 0.58 and 0.76 at large and local stations, respectively. We further assess the impact of reservoirs through different simulation schemes, revealing that reservoirs significantly alter DOC fluxes by regulating streamflow patterns and promoting DOC mineralization. Model simulations indicate that reservoirs reduce total DOC flux from the Mississippi River into the ocean by 7.5%, with the long‐term average annual export decreasing from 3.34 to 3.14 teragrams (Tg) per year. ELM‐MOSART‐DOC integrates process‐based modeling with ML parameterization to enhance the predictive understanding of riverine biogeochemical processes. This approach reduces uncertainties in modeling regional and global carbon cycle ESMs and provides new insights into carbon cycling and its implications for global environmental change.

Li, Lingbo [Univ. of Houston, TX (United States); ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Feedstock Carbon Intensity Calculator (FD-CIC): Users’ Manual and Technical Documentation

The carbon intensities (CIs) of biofuels are determined with the life cycle analysis (LCA) technique, which accounts for the energy/material uses and emissions during the complete supply chain of biofuel including feedstock production and fuel conversion stages. Regulatory agencies such as California Air Resources Board (CARB) adopts LCA to calculate biofuel CIs. The Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program developed by CARB allows individual biofuel conversion facilities to submit their own biofuel CIs with their facility input data and incentivizes the reduction in the CI specific to that particular facility compared to a reference fuel’s CI (Liu et al 2020). Such an incentive program has driven innovations in biorefineries to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by linking their revenue directly to its CI score through LCFS credit trading. Besides the biofuel conversion stage, different farming practices for feedstock growth can result in significant CI variations for feedstocks, thus for biofuels. To provide evidence-based research findings, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E) has supported the Systems Assessment Center of the Energy Systems and Infrastructure Analysis Division at Argonne National Laboratory to examine CI variations of different farming practices to grow agricultural crops for biofuel production. Meanwhile, the ARPA-E has launched the Systems for Monitoring and Analytics for Renewable Transportation Fuels from Agricultural Resources and Management (SMARTFARM) program to develop technologies and data platforms that enable an accurate measurement of key farming parameters that can help robust accounting of the GHG benefits of sustainable, low-carbon agronomic practices at farm level.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2001

The Airline Quality Rating 2001

The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline quality on combined multiple performance criteria. This current report, Airline Quality Rating 2001, reflects monthly Airline Quality Rating scores for 2000. AQR scores for the calendar year 2000 are based on 15 elements that focus on airline performance areas important to air travel consumers. The Airline Quality Rating 2001 is a summary of month-by-month quality ratings for the ten major U.S. airlines operating during 2000. Using the Airline Quality Rating system of weighted averages and monthly performance data in the areas of on-time arrivals, involuntary denied boardings, mishandled baggage, and a combination of 12 customer complaint categories, major airlines comparative performance for the calendar year of 2000 is reported. This research monograph contains a brief summary of the AQR methodology, detailed data and charts that track comparative quality for major airlines domestic operations for the 12 month period of 2000, and industry average results. Also, comparative Airline Quality Rating data for 1999 are included for each airline to provide historical perspective regarding performance quality in the industry.

Bowen, Brent D.↗
NASA NTRS2002

The Airline Quality Rating 2002

The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline quality on combined multiple performance criteria. This current report, Airline Quality Rating 2002, reflects monthly Airline Quality Rating scores for 2001. AQR scores for the calendar year 2001 are based on 15 elements that focus on airline performance areas important to air travel consumers. The Airline Quality Rating 2002 is a summary of month-by-month quality ratings for the 11 largest U.S. airlines operating during 2001. Using the Airline Quality Rating system of weighted averages and monthly performance data in the areas of on-time arrivals, involuntary denied boardings, mishandled baggage, and a combination of 12 customer complaint categories, airlines comparative performance for the calendar year of 2001 is reported. This research monograph contains a brief summary of the AQR methodology, detailed data and charts that track comparative quality for domestic airline operations for the 12-month period of 2001, and industry average results. Also, comparative Airline Quality Rating data for 2000 are included for each airline to provide historical perspective regarding performance quality in the industry.

Bowen, Brent D.↗
NASA NTRS2003

The Airline Quality Rating 2003

The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline quality on combined multiple performance criteria. This current report, the Airline Quality Rating 2003, reflects monthly Airline Quality Rating scores for 2002. AQR scores for the calendar year 2002 are based on 15 elements that focus on airline performance areas important to air travel consumers. The Airline Quality Rating 2003 is a summary of month-by-month quality ratings for the 10 largest U.S. airlines operating during 2002. Using the Airline Quality Rating system of weighted averages and monthly performance data in the areas of ontime arrivals, involuntary denied boardings, mishandled baggage, and a combination of 12 customer complaint categories, airlines comparative performance for the calendar year of 2002 is reported. This research monograph contains a brief summary of the AQR methodology, detailed data and charts that track comparative quality for domestic airline operations for the 12-month period of 2002, and industry average results. Also, comparative Airline Quality Rating data for 2001 are included for each airline to provide historical perspective regarding performance quality in the industry.

Bowen, Brent D.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Systemic Microgravity Response: Utilizing GeneLab to Develop Hypotheses for Spaceflight Risks

Biological risks associated with microgravity are a major concern for long-term space travel. Although determination of risk has been a focus for NASA research, data examining systemic (i.e., multi- or pan-tissue) responses to space flight are sparse. To perform our analysis, we utilized the NASA GeneLab database which is a publicly available repository containing a wide array of omics results from experiments conducted with: i) with different flight conditions (space shuttle (STS) missions vs. International Space Station (ISS); ii) a variety of tissues; and 3) assays that measure epigenetic, transcriptional, and protein expression changes. Meta-analysis of the transcriptomic data from 7 different murine and rat data sets, examining tissues such as liver, kidney, adrenal gland, thymus, mammary gland, skin, and skeletal muscle (soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius) revealed for the first time, the existence of potential master regulators coordinating systemic responses to microgravity in rodents. We identified p53, TGF1 and immune related pathways as the highly prevalent pan-tissue signaling pathways that are affected by microgravity. Some variability in the degree of change in their expression across species, strain and time of flight was also observed. Interestingly, while certain skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius and soleus) exhibited an overall down-regulation of these genes, some other muscle types such as the extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior and quadriceps, showed an up-regulated expression, indicative of potential compensatory mechanisms to prevent microgravity-induced atrophy. Key genes isolated by unbiased systems analyses displayed a major overlap between tissue types and flight conditions and established TGF1 to be the most connected gene across all data sets. Finally, a set of microgravity responsive miRNA signature was identified and based on their predicted functional state and subsequent impact on health, a theoretical health risk score was calculated. The genes and miRNAs identified from our analyses can be targeted for future research involving efficient countermeasure design. Our study thus exemplifies the utility of GeneLab data repository to aid in the process of performing novel hypothesis based spaceflight research aimed at elucidating the global impact of environmental stressors at multiple biological scales.

GeneLab↗
NASA NTRS2019

Sensor Analysis, Modeling, and Test for Robust Propulsion System Autonomy

An approach is presented supporting analysis, modeling, and test validation of operational flight instrumentation (OFI) that facilitates critical functions for the Space Launch System (SLS) main propulsion system (MPS). Certain types of OFI sensors were shown to exhibit highly nonlinear and non-gaussian noise characteristics during acceptance testing, motivating the development of advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) capability to support algorithm verification and flight certification. Hardware model and algorithm simulation fidelity was informed by a risk scoring metric; redesign of high-risk algorithms using test-validated sensor models significantly improved their expected performance as evaluated using Monte Carlo acceptance sampling methods. Autonomous functions include closed-loop ullage pressure regulation, pressurant leak detection, and fault isolation for automated safing and crew caution and warning (C&W).

Orr, Jeb S.↗
NASA NTRS2023

Considering Soil Moisture in Models of Climate Impacts on Child Health in Farming-Centric Countries

Soil moisture reflects the amount of water available to crops in the top layer of soil. As such, considering soil moisture provides important insight into water availability and ultimately crop yields in agricultural settings. In studies of climate change, food security, and health, however, soil moisture is rarely empirically considered despite its connection to crop health and yields. In this project, we aim to advance understanding of climate impacts on food security by incorporating soil moisture into quantitative models of child health. Combining spatially referenced health survey data from the Demographic and Health Surveys for 2005 and 2010 in Senegal and 2007, 2011, and 2014 in Bangladesh, with soil moisture data from the Famine Early Warning System Network Land Data Assimilation System, we explore the linkages between sub-annual and sub-seasonal climate conditions and child malnutrition in two rainfed agriculture dependent countries—Bangladesh and Senegal. Results suggest that soil moisture, measured on very short time scales, may be associated with reductions in anthropometric weight-for-height z-scores, but the relationship is highly dependent upon geographic context.

Child health↗
NASA NTRS1992

Anthropomorphic teleoperation: Controlling remote manipulators with the DataGlove

A two phase effort was conducted to assess the capabilities and limitations of the DataGlove, a lightweight glove input device that can output signals in real-time based on hand shape, orientation, and movement. The first phase was a period for system integration, checkout, and familiarization in a virtual environment. The second phase was a formal experiment using the DataGlove as input device to control the protoflight manipulator arm (PFMA) - a large telerobotic arm with an 8-ft reach. The first phase was used to explore and understand how the DataGlove functions in a virtual environment, build a virtual PFMA, and consider and select a reasonable teleoperation control methodology. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) participated in a 2 x 3 (x 2) full-factorial formal experiment using the DataGlove to control the PFMA in a simple retraction, slewing, and insertion task. Two within-subjects variables, time delay (0, 1, and 2 seconds) and PFMA wrist flexibility (rigid/flexible), were manipulated. Gender served as a blocking variable. A main effect of time delay was found for slewing and total task times. Correlations among questionnaire responses, and between questionnaire responses and session mean scores and gender were computed. The experimental data were also compared with data collected in another study that used a six degree-of-freedom handcontroller to control the PFMA in the same task. It was concluded that the DataGlove is a legitimate teleoperations input device that provides a natural, intuitive user interface. From an operational point of view, it compares favorably with other 'standard' telerobotic input devices and should be considered in future trades in teleoperation systems' designs.

Hale, J. P., II↗
DOE OSTI2026

Enhancing dimensionality prediction in hybrid metal halides via feature engineering and class-imbalance mitigation

We present a machine learning (ML) framework for predicting the structural dimensionality of hybrid metal halides (HMHs), including organic-inorganic perovskites, using a combination of chemically-informed feature engineering and advanced class-imbalance handling techniques. This study is motivated by the small and highly imbalanced nature of experimentally available HMH datasets, which limits the applicability and reliability of conventional ML approaches. The dataset, consisting of 494 HMH structures, is highly imbalanced across dimensionality classes (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D), posing significant challenges to predictive modeling. To mitigate this limitation, the dataset was augmented to 1336 samples using the synthetic minority oversampling technique, enabling improved learning of underrepresented dimensionality classes while preserving chemically meaningful feature relationships. We developed interaction-based descriptors designed to capture coupled steric and polarity effects relevant to dimensionality prediction, which are not readily captured by standard single-parameter or composition-only descriptors. These descriptors are integrated into a multi-stage workflow combining feature selection, ensemble stacking, and performance optimization. Our approach significantly improves F1-scores for underrepresented classes, achieving robust cross-validation performance across all dimensionalities. This work demonstrates a generalizable strategy for extracting reliable and interpretable structure–dimensionality relationships from limited experimental data, enabling pre-synthesis screening of organic cations and providing a practical blueprint for small-data ML in hybrid materials systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1990

The stability of individual patterns of autonomic responses to motion sickness stimulation

As part of a program to develop a treatment for motion sickness based on self-regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, this study examined the stability of an individual's pattern of ANS responses to motion sickness stimulation on repeated occasions. Motion sickness symptoms were induced in 58 people during two rotating chair test. Physiological responses measured were heart rate, finger pulse volume, respiration rate, and skin conductance. Using standard scores, stability of responses of specific magnitudes across both tests is as examined. Correlational analyses, analysis of variance, and a components of variance analysis all revealed marked, but quite stable, individual differences in ANS responses to both mild and severe motion sickness. These findings confirm the prior observation that people are sufficiently unique in their ANS responses to motion sickness provocation to make it nesessary to individually tailor self-regulation training. Further, these data support the contention that individual ANS patterns are sufficiently consistent from test to test so as to serve as an objective indicator of individual motion sickness malaise levels.

Cowings, Patricia S.↗