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The Timepix4 analog front-end design: Lessons learnt on fundamental limits to noise and time resolution in highly segmented hybrid pixel detectors
This manuscript describes the optimization of the front-end readout electronics for high granularity hybrid pixel detectors. The theoretical study aims at minimizing the noise and jitter. The model presented here is validated with both circuit post layout simulations and measurements on the Timepix4 Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The analog front-end circuit and the procedure to optimize the dimensions of the main transistors are described with detail. The Timepix4 is the most recent ASIC designed in the framework of the Medipix4 Collaboration. It was manufactured in 65nm CMOS process, and consists of a four side buttable matrix of 448 × 512 pixels with 55µm pitch. The analog front-end has a gain of ~36mV/ke - when configured in High Gain Mode, and ~20mV/ke - when configured in Low Gain Mode. The Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) is ~68e - rms and ~80e - rms in High Gain Mode and in Low Gain Mode respectively. In event driven mode the incoming hits can be time stamped within a ~ 200ps time bin and the chip can deal with a maximum flux of ~ 3.6MHzmm –2 s –1 . In photon counting mode, the chip can deal with up to ~ 5GHzmm –2 s –1 . The routine designed to optimize the Timepix4 front-end is then used to analyze the performance limits in terms of jitter and noise for Charge Sensitive Amplifiers in pixel detectors.
Evaluation of image segmentation techniques for image-based rock property estimation
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Generalized deep learning model for photovoltaic module segmentation from satellite and aerial imagery
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Ultrafast microscopy and image segmentation of spatially heterogeneous excited state and trap passivation in Cu2BaSnSSe3
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Quantifying the Effects of Monomer Segment Distributions on Ion Transport in Tapered Block Polymer Electrolytes
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Understanding the Roles of Mesh Size, T g , and Segmental Dynamics on Probe Diffusion in Dense Polymer Networks
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Melt-Processable Shape-Memory Elastomers Containing Bisurea Segments
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How Segmental Dynamics and Mesh Confinement Determine the Selective Diffusivity of Molecules in Cross-Linked Dense Polymer Networks
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Effects of Single [alpha]-to-[beta] Residue Replacements on Recognition of an Extended Segment in a Viral Fusion Protein
Abstract not provided
Investigating Permselectivity in PVDF Mixed Matrix Membranes Using Experimental Optimization, Machine Learning Segmentation, and Statistical Forecasting
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Creating Majorana modes from segmented Fermi surface
Majorana bound states provide a fertile ground for both investigation of fundamental phenomena as well as for applications in quantum computation. However, despite enormous experimental and theoretical efforts, the currently available Majorana platforms suffer from a multitude of issues that prevent full realization of their potential. Therefore, improved Majorana systems are still highly sought after. Here we present a platform for creating Majorana bound states from 2D gapless superconducting state in spin-helical systems under the in-plane magnetic or Zeeman field. Topological 1D channels are formed by quantum confinement of quasiparticles via Andreev reflection from the surrounding fully gapped superconducting region. Our proposal can be realized using narrow strips of magnetic insulators on top of proximitized 3D topological insulators. This setup has key advantages that include: small required fields, no necessity of fine-tuning of chemical potential, removal of the low-energy detrimental states, and large attainable topological gap.