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NASA NTRS1993

Initial development of a high-pressure crystal growth facility: Center director's discretionary fund

A low-cost, flexible, high-pressure (600 psi) system for crystal growth and related thermophysical properties measurements was designed, assembled, and tested. The furnace system includes a magnetically coupled translation mechanism that eliminates the need for a high-pressure mechanical feedthru. The system is currently being used for continuing crystal growth experiments and thermophysical properties measurements on several material systems including Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te, Hg(1-x)Zn(x)Te, and Hg(1-x)Zn(x)Se.

Szofran, F. R.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Containerless measurements on liquids at high temperatures

The application of containerless techniques for measurements of the thermophysical properties of high temperature liquids is reviewed. Recent results obtained in the materials research laboratories at Intersonics are also presented. Work to measure high temperature liquid properties is motivated by both the need for reliable property data for modeling of industrial processes involving molten materials and generation of data form basic modeling of materials behavior. The motivation for this work and examples of variations in thermophysical property values from the literature are presented. The variations may be attributed to changes in the specimen properties caused by chemical changes in the specimen and/or to measurement errors. The two methods used to achieve containerless conditions were aeroacoustic levitation and electromagnetic levitation. Their qualities are presented. The accompanying slides show the layout of levitation equipment and present examples of levitated metallic and ceramic specimens. Containerless techniques provide a high degree of control over specimen chemistry, nucleation and allow precise control of liquid composition to be achieved. Effects of minor additions can thus be measured in a systematic way. Operation in reduced gravity enables enhanced control of liquid motion which can allow measurement of liquid transport properties. Examples of nucleation control, the thermodynamics of oxide contamination removal, and control of the chromium content of liquid aluminum oxide by high temperature containerless processes are presented. The feasibility of measuring temperature, emissivity, liquidus temperature, enthalpy, surface tension, density, viscosity, and thermal diffusivity are discussed in the final section of the paper.

Weber, Richard↗

NASA NTRS1999

Monolithic Cu-Cr-Nb Alloys for High Temperature, High Heat Flux Applications

Work during the prior four years of this grant has resulted in significant advances in the development of Cu-8 Cr4 Nb and related Cu-Cr-Nb alloys. The alloys are nearing commercial use in the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) where they are candidate materials for the thrust cell liners of the aerospike engines being developed by Rocketdyne. During the fifth and final year of the grant, it is proposed to complete development of the design level database of mechanical and thermophysical properties and transfer it to NASA Glenn Research Center and Rocketdyne. The database development work will be divided into three main areas: Thermophysical Database Augmentation, Mechanical Testing and Metallography and Fractography. In addition to the database development, work will continue that is focussed on the production of alternatives to the powder metallurgy alloys currently used. Exploration of alternative alloys will be aimed at both the development of lower cost materials and higher performance materials. A key element of this effort will be the use of Thermo-Calc software to survey the solubility behavior of a wide range of alloying elements in a copper matrix. The ultimate goals would be to define suitable alloy compositions and processing routes to produce thin sheets of the material at either a lower cost, or, with improved mechanical and thermal properties compared to the current Cu-Cr-Nb powder metallurgy alloys.

Ellis, David L.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Viscosity Relaxation in Molten HgZnTe

Because of its narrow electronic band-gap, HgZnTe solid solutions have been proposed as effective detectors for infrared radiation. To produce the best single crystals of these materials for this application, knowledge of the phase diagram that governs the freezing of the liquid is essential. Besides the phase diagram, however, some information concerning the thermophysical properties of the melt, such as viscosity, density, specific heat, and enthalpy of mixing, can also be useful. Of these thermophysical properties, the viscosity is perhaps of the most interest scientifically. Measurements using the oscillating cup method have shown that the isothermal melt requires tens of hours of equilibration time before a steady value of the viscosity can be achieved. Over this equilibration time, which depends upon temperature, the viscosity can increase by as much as a factor of two before reaching a steady state. We suggest that this relaxation phenomenon may be due to a slight polymerization of Te atoms in the melt.

James K. Baird↗

NASA NTRS2003

Cryogenic Information Center

The Cryogenic Information Center (CIC) is a not-for-profit corporation dedicated to preserving and distributing cryogenic information to government, industry, and academia. The heart of the CIC is a uniform source of cryogenic data including analyses, design, materials and processes, and test information traceable back to the Cryogenic Data Center of the former National Bureau of Standards. The electronic database is a national treasure containing over 146,000 specific bibliographic citations of cryogenic literature and thermophysical property data dating back to 1829. A new technical/bibliographic inquiry service can perform searches and technical analyses. The Cryogenic Material Properties (CMP) Program consists of computer codes using empirical equations to determine thermophysical material properties with emphasis on the 4-300K range. CMP's objective is to develop a user-friendly standard material property database using the best available data so government and industry can conduct more accurate analyses. The CIC serves to benefit researchers, engineers, and technologists in cryogenics and cryogenic engineering, whether they are new or experienced in the field.

Mohling, Robert A.↗

NASA NTRS2003

Cryogenic Information Center

Mohling, Robert A.↗

NASA NTRS2004

Mini-TES Observations of the Gusev and Meridiani Landing Sites

The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) has provided remote measurements of the mineralogy and thermophysical properties of the scene surrounding the Mars Exploration Rovers. The specific scientific objectives of this investigation are to: (1) determine the mineralogy of rocks and soils; (2) determine the thermophysical properties of surface materials; and (3) determine the temperature profile, dust and water-ice opacity, and water vapor abundance in the lower atmospheric boundary layer.

Christensen, Philip↗

NASA NTRS2004

Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars: Surface Coatings, Mineralogy, and Surface Properties

The session "Mars: Surface Coatings, Mineralogy, and Surface Properties" contained the following reports:High-Silica Rock Coatings: TES Surface-Type 2 and Chemical Weathering on Mars; Old Desert Varnish-like Coatings and Young Breccias at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site; Analyses of IR-Stealthy and Coated Surface Materials: A Comparison of LIBS and Reflectance Spectra and Their Application to Mars Surface Exploration; Contrasting Interpretations of TES Spectra of the 2003 Rover:Opportunity-Landing Site: Hematite Coatings and Gray Hematite; A New Hematite Formation Mechanism for Mars; Geomorphic and Diagenetic Analogs to Hematite Regions on Mars: Examples from Jurassic Sandstones of Southern Utah, USA; The Geologic Record of Early Mars: A Layered, Cratered, and "Valley-"ed: Volume; A Simple Approach to Estimating Surface Emissivity with THEMIS; A Large Scale Topographic Correction for THEMIS Data; Thermophysical Properties of Meridiani Planum, Mars; Thermophysical and Spectral Properties of Gusev, the MER-Spirit Landing Site on Mars; Determining Water Content of Geologic Materials Using Reflectance Spectroscopy; and Global Mapping of Martian Bound Water at 6.1 Microns Based on TES Data: Seasonal Hydration.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2005

Higher Order Chemistry Models in the CFD Simulation of Laser-Ablated Carbon Plumes

Production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) has taken place for a number of years and by a variety of methods such-as laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, and arc-jet ablation. Yet, little is actually understood about the exact chemical kinetics and processes that occur in SWNT formation. In recent time, NASA Johnson Space Center has devoted a considerable effort to the experimental evaluation of the laser ablation production process for SWNT originally developed at Rice University. To fully understand the nature of the laser ablation process it is necessary to understand the development of the carbon plume dynamics within the laser ablation oven. The present work is a continuation of previous studies into the efforts to model plume dynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The ultimate goal of the work is to improve understanding of the laser ablation process, and through that improved understanding, refine the laser ablation production of SWNT. Fig. 1 shows a basic schematic of the laser-ablation oven at NASA-JSC. Construction of the facility is simple in concept. Two concentric quartz tubes of 1.5 mm thickness form the inner and outer tubes with inside diameters of 2.2 and 5.08 cm respectively. At one end of the inner tube are located two 60 Hz pulsed lasers operating at 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelength with beam diameters of 5 mm aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the inner quartz tube. For standard nanotube production runs, a 10 ns 532 nm pulse is followed 50 ns later by a 10 ns 1064 nm pulse. Each pulse is of 300 mJ energy. A target of carbon graphite with approximately 1% nickel and cobalt catalysts is located at the other end of the inner quartz tube. In the ordinary processing of SWNT, a base flow of 100 sccm of argon is maintained from the laser location and exits past the carbon target at a pressure of 66.7 kPa. These conditions yield a baseline mass flow through the chamber of 2.723x10(exp -6)kg/s of argon. The whole oven facility is heated to a temperature of 1473 K prior to nanotube production runs. Upon laser irradiation, part of the carbon target ablates immediately and forms a carbon vapor plume that penetrates into the argon base flow towards the laser initially at supersonic velocities. In the previous studies either a single carbon species, C3, was used to model the plume development, or a simplified 11 species carbon model reduced down from the Krestinin and Moravsky model for full fullerene chemistry was used. While both of these options yielded significant results, it was felt that the actual chemistry occ&g in the carbon plume might have a greater affect on the plume than assumed. Indeed, in the earlier attempts at modeling the carbon plume, several thermophysical characteristics could never be matched to experimental observations of plume development - mainly the propagation distance of the plume itself. In the present study, two additional chemistry models will be used to duplicate the previous studies simulations of the carbon plume. The first chemistry model used in this study is again a reduced form of the Krestinin and Moravsky rates. However the highest order carbon species allowed has been increased from C6 to C30 - therefore allowing the simulation of up to a half of the standard C60 fullerene. The second chemistry model investigated is a reduced form of a full carbon nanotube model developed at NASA-JSC. The C30 studies have already been accomplished at the present time, and the reduced SWNT model studies are currently underway. To pursue the current study, one sacrifice had to be made in that the simulation grid spacing had to be increased from 0.5 mm spacing to 1 mm spacing for the sake of computational efficiency since computational effort is proportional to the square of the number of grid points multiplied by the number of species considered. propagation that is far more in line with the experimental results observed by Puretzky et al as shown in Fig. 2. e C6 studies had yielded a far greater propagation in previous studies. In addition, chemical species development with the C30 model indicates that many higher order carbon species are produced outside of the plume proper (indicated by plotting contours of the background argon concentrations in Fig. 3) - this result was not observed in previous studies. In fact, some species primarily occurred outside of the plume itself - as shown for C27 in Fig. 4 when it is compared to Fig. 3. It could be asserted that this has occurred because all of the C27 in the plume had already been consumed in the formation of C30, but this does not seem to be indicated over time. Several other factors that arose in the previous studies have also been made more clear by the use of the higher order chemical models - one being that the use of c6 as an indicator species was mistaken. C6 is the only carbon species in the previous studies that was not injected into the flowfield as a boundary condition; it was therefore hoped that this species would provide insight into the formation of higher order carbon species for comparison to full SWNT production. But, when the plot of total mass in the plume is examined on a species by species basis in Fig. 5, it is seen that Cg was a fairly insignificant contributor to the total carbon mass in the plume and would not provide information on higher order carbon formation. the thermophysical characteristics of the carbon plume as well as simulate the carbon plume using the reduced SWNT model to provide an even better simulation of full chemistry effects upon plume propagation.

Scott, C. D.↗

NASA NTRS2008

Geologic Mapping of the Meridiani Region, Mars

The light toned bedrock that has been observed at the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landing site is an upper layer in a sequence >600 m thick in places. These outcrops contain mineral and textural signatures that require interaction of, and possibly formation from, water. Many distinct layers are visible in the remote sensing data (e.g. Figure 1) and no work has ever characterized the full set of these materials that cover an area >3 105 km2 spanning 20 of longitude. Thus, whatever water-related process( es?) altered, and possibly formed, the rocks at the Opportunity landing site extended over a vast region of Mars. Yet many questions remain to be answered, such as: (1) in what capacity did water form and alter the deposits?, (2) what are the temporal and spatial relations with other major events known from ancient Mars?, and (3) would this type of environment have been conducive to the development of life? To address these questions we are completing a detailed geologic, stratigraphic, and thermophysical properties study of this widespread terrain. Specifically, we are drafting a 1:2M-scale geological map covering the full extent of these water-related deposits. In tandem with the mapping, Hynek and Phillips [1] have conducted a preliminary stratigraphic analysis of the stack of materials. After mapping is complete, we will study the thermophysical properties of the varied layers to derive possible compositional information of the materials. These tasks serve several purposes including gaining an understanding of the complex nature of these materials, their potential source region(s), and their timing of emplacement. All of these efforts are necessary to place the observations by the Opportunity Rover in a broader context and prepare for potential future landed missions to the region. Understanding the large-scale paleohydrology of Mars is central to NASA s goals and vital for determining if life ever arose on the planet.

Hynek, B. M.↗

NASA NTRS2014

Electrostatic Levitation for Studies of Additive Manufactured Materials

The electrostatic levitation (ESL) laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center is a unique facility for investigators studying high temperature materials. The laboratory boasts two levitators in which samples can be levitated, heated, melted, undercooled, and resolidified. Electrostatic levitation minimizes gravitational effects and allows materials to be studied without contact with a container or instrumentation. The lab also has a high temperature emissivity measurement system, which provides normal spectral and normal total emissivity measurements at use temperature. The ESL lab has been instrumental in many pioneering materials investigations of thermophysical properties, e.g., creep measurements, solidification, triggered nucleation, and emissivity at high temperatures. Research in the ESL lab has already led to the development of advanced high temperature materials for aerospace applications, coatings for rocket nozzles, improved medical and industrial optics, metallic glasses, ablatives for reentry vehicles, and materials with memory. Modeling of additive manufacturing materials processing is necessary for the study of their resulting materials properties. In addition, the modeling of the selective laser melting processes and its materials property predictions are also underway. Unfortunately, there is very little data for the properties of these materials, especially of the materials in the liquid state. Some method to measure thermophysical properties of additive manufacturing materials is necessary. The ESL lab is ideal for these studies. The lab can provide surface tension and viscosity of molten materials, density measurements, emissivity measurements, and even creep strength measurements. The ESL lab can also determine melting temperature, surface temperatures, and phase transition temperatures of additive manufactured materials. This presentation will provide background on the ESL lab and its capabilities, provide an approach to using the ESL in supporting the development and modeling of the selective laser melting process for metals, and provide an overview of the results to date.

SanSoucie, Michael P.↗

NASA NTRS2016

Reduced-Gravity Measurements of the Effect of Oxygen on Properties of Zirconium

The influence of oxygen on the thermophysical properties of zirconium is being investigated using MSL-EML (Material Science Laboratory - Electromagnetic Levitator) on ISS (International Space Station) in collaboration with NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and DLR (German Aerospace Center). Zirconium samples with different oxygen concentrations will be put into multiple melt cycles, during which the density, viscosity, surface tension, heat capacity, and electric conductivity will be measured at various undercooled temperatures. The facility check-up of MSL-EML and the first set of melting experiments have been successfully performed in 2015. The first zirconium sample will be tested near the end of 2015. As part of ground support activities, the thermophysical properties of zirconium and ZrO were measured using a ground-based electrostatic levitator located at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The influence of oxygen on the measured surface tension was evaluated. The results of this research will serve as reference data for those measured in ISS.

Zhao, J.↗

NASA NTRS2015

Lunar Crater Ejecta: Physical Properties Revealed by Radar and Thermal Infrared Observations

We investigate the physical properties, and changes through time, of lunar impact ejecta using radar and thermal infrared data. We use data from two instruments on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) - the Diviner thermal radiometer and the Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) radar instrument - together with Earth-based radar observations. We use this multiwavelength intercomparison to constrain block sizes and to distinguish surface from buried rocks in proximal ejecta deposits. We find that radar-detectable rocks buried within the upper meter of regolith can remain undisturbed by surface processes such as micrometeorite bombardment for greater than 3 Gyr. We also investigate the thermophysical properties of radar-dark haloes, comprised of fine-grained, rock-poor ejecta distal to the blocky proximal ejecta. Using Diviner data, we confirm that the halo material is depleted in surface rocks, but show that it is otherwise thermophysically indistinct from background regolith. We also find that radar-dark haloes, like the blocky ejecta, remain visible in radar observations for craters with ages greater than 3 Ga, indicating that regolith overturn processes cannot replenish their block populations on that timescale.

Ghent, R. R.↗

NASA NTRS2019

Boundary Condition Controls on the High-Sand-Flux Regions of Mars

Wind has been an enduring geologic agent throughout the history of Mars, but it is often unclear where and why sediment is mobile in the current epoch. We investigated whether eolian bed-form (dune and ripple) transport rates are depressed or enhanced in some areas by local or regional boundary conditions (e.g., topography, sand supply/availability). Bedform heights, migration rates, and sand fluxes all span two to three orders of magnitude across Mars, but we found that areas with the highest sand fluxes are concentrated in three regions: Syrtis Major, Hellespontus Montes, and the north polar erg. All regions are located near prominent transition zones of topography (e.g., basins, polar caps) and thermophysical properties (e.g., albedo variations); these are not known to be critical terrestrial boundary conditions. The two regions adjacent to major impact basins (Hellas and Isidis Planitia) showed radially outward upslope winds driving sand movement, although seasonally reversing wind regimes were also observed. The northern polar dunes yielded the highest known fluxes on the planet, driven by summer katabatic winds modulated by the seasonal CO2 cap retreat—processes not known to affect terrestrial dunes. In contrast, southern dune fields (<45°S) were less mobile, likely as a result of seasonal frost and ground ice suppressing sand availability. Results suggest that, unlike on Earth, large-scale topographic and thermophysical variabilities play a leading role in driving sand fluxes on Mars.

Matthew Chojnacki↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

High Temperature Material Properties Measurement Capabilities of the MSFC Electrostatic Levitation (ESL) Laboratory

The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) electrostatic levitation (ESL) laboratory has a long history of providing materials research and thermophysical property data. The lab can measure thermophysical properties, such as density, surface tension, and viscosity of liquid materials, including elements, alloys, glasses, ceramics, and oxides. For improved measurement quality, the ESL lab also has an oxygen control system, which allows the oxygen partial pressure within the vacuum chamber to be measured and controlled, at elevated temperatures, over a wide range of partial pressures. The surface tension of metals is affected by even a small amount of adsorption of oxygen, and the presence of oxygen has been hypothesized as a likely cause for the large scatter seen in published surface tension data. This presentation will cover the MSFC ESL lab, its high temperature material properties measurement capabilities, and some information about measurements done on alloys relevant to additive manufacturing.

Michael SanSoucie↗

NASA NTRS2023

Characterization of Oscillation Modes in Levitated Droplets Using Image and Non-Image Based Techniques

The dynamics of levitated liquid droplets can be used to measure their thermophysical properties by correlating the frequencies at which normal modes of oscillation most strongly resonate when subject to an external oscillatory force. In two preliminary works, it was shown via electrostatic levitation and processing of various metals and alloys that 1) the resonance of the first principal mode of oscillation (mode n = 2) can be used to accurately measure surface tension and 2) that so-called ‘higher-order resonance’ of n = 3 is observable at a predictable frequency. It was also shown, in the context of future space-based experimentation on the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF), a setup on the International Space Station (ISS) operated by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), that while the shadow array method in which droplet behavior is visualized would be challenging to identify the n = 3 resonance, the normal mode n = 4 was predicted to be more easily identifiable. In this short communication, experimental evidence of the first three principal modes of oscillation is provided using molten samples of Tin and Indium and it is subsequently shown that, as predicted, an “image-less” approach can be used to identify both n = 2 and n = 4 resonances in levitated liquid droplets. This suggests that the shadow array method may be satisfactorily used to obtain a self-consistent benchmark of thermophysical properties by comparing results from two successive even-mode natural frequencies.

Nevin Brosius↗

NASA NTRS2023

Mineralogical, Elemental, and Tomographic Reconnaissance Investigation for CLPS (METRIC)

METRIC is a robotic science laboratory that can determine the mineralogy, elemental chemistry, micromorphology, and thermophysical properties of planetary regolith. The METRIC suite comprises METRIC XRD/F, an X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence instrument that can determine the mineralogy and elemental chemistry of regolith samples; METRIC XCT, a micro X-ray computed tomography instrument that can be used to evaluate grain/crystallite sizes and textures; METRIC IRS, an imaging spectrometer mounted on a rover that can determine mineralogy and thermophysical properties at the landing site; and a pneumatic sample collection, processing, distribution system developed by Honeybee Robotics. The payload elements could be deployed on a static lander or a rover. Data returned from the METRIC payload would inform origin, formation, and evolution of rocky planetary bodies. METRIC XRD/F draws on heritage from the CheMin instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover [1], with a few important improvements. Like CheMin, METRIC XRD/F operates in transmission geometry and uses piezoelectric actuators on sample cells in a tuning fork geometry to induce convective grain motion of the regolith to create a randomly oriented powder. MSL CheMin uses an energy-sensitive CCD to collect XRD patterns and XRF spectra simultaneously from the same sample cell, resulting in qualitative XRF data. METRIC XRD/F uses two different sample cells, one optimized for XRD and one optimized for XRF, and a silicon drift detector to detect fluoresced X-rays. This improvement to the XRF capabilities provides quantitative geochemical data of major elements down to Z = 11 and allows for the detection of minor and trace elements that are critical for evaluating geologic evolution of the Moon (e.g., P and Th). Modest improvements to the XRD geometry and hardware allow for better angular resolution and the ability to distinguish between members of the pyroxene group. METRIC XCT uses the same geometry and much of the same hardware as METRIC XRD/F, where a CCD would capture images of a regolith sample in a 3 mm diameter sample tube that is rotated 360° in steps <1°. Image brightness can be used to infer compositional data, where brighter materials indicate a higher Z, much like scanning electron microscopy. Data from METRIC XCT complement those from METRIC XRD/F. Particle size, shape, and texture can provide petrologic and provenance information, whereas vesicle size and morphology in volcanic or impact melt lithologies can inform cooling rates. METRIC IRS is a hyperspectral thermal imager that can be mounted to a lander or rover to provide mineralogical data from the broader landing site and help determine whether the samples analyzed by METRIC XRD/F and XCT are representative. The METRIC IRS spectral range (8–14 μm) and resolution (10.8 cm-1) allow for quantitative mineralogy from modelling Reststrahlen bands of major rock-forming minerals (e.g., silicates, phosphates). Radiance cubes can be processed and modelled with an onboard high-performance computer to determine mineral abundances of plagioclase, high-Ca pyroxene, pigeonite, orthopyroxene, olivine, and glass. Regolith samples can be acquired, processed, and delivered to the X-ray instruments via multiple sample handling systems, but the pneumatic sampling systems developed by Honeybee Robotics [e.g., 2] are best suited for relatively low-cost missions that are being competed for the Moon (e.g., NASA’s Payloads and Research Investigations for the Surface of the Moon program). There are pneumatic sampling systems that collect surface material and other systems that pneumatically drill up to ~1 m below the surface, providing material that has not been space weathered and has not been affected by the lander’s exhaust. [1] Blake, D. F., Vaniman, D., Achilles, C., Anderson, R., Bish, D., et al. (2012). Space Sci. Rev. 170, 341-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9905-1. [2] Zacny, K., Betts, B., Hedlund, M., Long, P., Gramlich, M., Tura, K., Chu, P., Jacob, A., Garcia, A. (2014). IEEE Aerospace Conference, 3-7 March 2014, Big Sky, MT, U.S.A.

X-ray diffraction↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Cryogenic Extension of NASA Species Polynomials Using Hydrogen and Oxygen at Stoichiometry

NASA has been conducting research in Rotating Detonation Rocket Engines (RDREs) for several years. A recent test at the Marshall Spaceflight Center has successfully shown operation of a RDRE that ran for 251 seconds which had combustion chamber cryogenic inlet conditions [1]. However, an overall pressure gain was not observed in the performance of the engine. Such an indication could mean an optimal chamber design is yet to be discovered. Such a design could significantly reduce parasitic pressure loses and improve overall engine efficiency beyond that of conventional rockets. To investigate different chamber configurations, new CFD capability is needed to accurately capture cryogenic thermophysical and transport property data. Such an effort is currently part of NASA’s Early Career Initiative (ECI) program. This paper focuses on the thermophysical property mixture model approach that makes use of NASA’s polynomial fits of species and another cryogenic model chosen from NIST’s Refprop program. Presented in this paper are results of a 1D denotation CFD simulation of stoichiometric Hydrogen and Oxygen mixture at a cryogenic upstream condition.

Combustion↗