Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “wave parameter”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

High-frequency electrostatic waves in the magnetosphere.

High-frequency electrostatic microinstabilities in magnetospheric plasmas are considered in detail. Rather special plasma parameters are found to be required to match the theoretical wave spectrum with satellite observations in the magnetosphere. In particular, it is necessary to have a cold and a warm species of electrons such that (1) the warm component has an anomalous velocity distribution function that is nonmonotonic in the perpendicular component of velocity and is the source of free energy driving the instabilities, (2) the density ratio of the cold component to the hot component is greater than about 0.01, and (3) the temperature ratio of the two components for cases of high particle density is no less than 0.1. These requirements and the corresponding instability criteria are satisfied only in the trapping region; this is also the region in which the waves are most frequently observed. The range of unstable wavelengths and an estimate of the diffusion coefficient are also obtained. The wave are found to induce strong diffusion in velocity space for low-energy electrons during periods of moderate wave amplitude.

Young, T. S. T.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Accurate Cold-Test Model of Helical TWT Slow-Wave Circuits

Recently, a method has been established to accurately calculate cold-test data for helical slow-wave structures using the three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic computer code, MAFIA. Cold-test parameters have been calculated for several helical traveling-wave tube (TWT) slow-wave circuits possessing various support rod configurations, and results are presented here showing excellent agreement with experiment. The helical models include tape thickness, dielectric support shapes and material properties consistent with the actual circuits. The cold-test data from this helical model can be used as input into large-signal helical TWT interaction codes making it possible, for the first time, to design a complete TWT via computer simulation.

Kory, Carol L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Density fluctuations induced by nonlinear Alfven waves

The generation of plasma density fluctuations by nonlinear Alfven waves is considered. Of particular interest is the modification to the 'static approximation', describing the relationship between wave intensity and plasma density, when the Alfven wave packet is rapidly steepening. The study concentrates on a forced wave equation for the plasma density, which yields the static approximation in a select approximnation. An analytic solution to this equation is obtained for a reasonable model of a steeping wave packet. The principal results are: (1) the static approximation should give a surprisingly robust description of the coupling between Alfven wave intensity and plasma density; (2) departures of the plasma density perturbation from the static approximation result are determined by a parameter that is a simple function of the wave amplitude and plasma beta; (3) for rapidly evolving wave packets, the position of maximum density change is displaced from that of maximum wave intensity, and (4) the magnitude of the density fluctuation will not be much different than the static approximation estimate.

Spangler, Steven R.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Ignition and Burn in a Hybrid Nuclear Fuel for a Pulsed Rocket Engine

This work explores the parameter space of a cylindrical hybrid nuclear fuel in support of a z-pinch driven pulsed fission-fusion (PuFF) engine. 0D power balance and 1D burn wave calculations have been performed to explore the parameter space of hybrid cylindrical nuclear fuels. The boundary of minimal initial conditions needed to reach breakeven are found within the context of the model. The effects of initial conditions upon the yield at the end of burn wave expansion are also determined. The model is used to examine the minimum initial energies predicted to result in yields of a few MJ. The goal of this work is to guide fuel design, inform future models and experiments as well as look for the most efficient parameter space for ignition in a z-pinch driven hybrid nuclear reaction. The impact of initial parameters upon ignition, burn, and gain are discussed. It is found that a hybrid cylindrical target may breakeven with initial energy near the axis of approximately 4 to 6 MJ in lithium deuteride/uranium 235 fuel. It is also found that magnetic field can lower the threshold further of which the magnitude changes across the parameter space. The dual fusion/fission reactions are found to boost each other leading to lower initial driving energies needed to reach breakeven in the hybrid cylindrical nuclear fuel.

fission↗
NASA NTRS1984

Direct multiple path magnetospheric propagation - A fundamental property of nonducted VLF waves

An elongation of 20-200 ms, attributed to closely spaced multiple propagation paths between the satellite and the ground, is noted in well defined pulses observed by the ISEE 1 satellite in nonducted whistler mode signals from the Siple Station VLF transmitter. Electric field measurements show a 2 to 10 dB amplitude variation in the observed amplitude fading pattern which is also consistent with direct multiple path propagation. The results obtained for two cases, one outside and one inside the plasmapause, establish that the direct signals transmitted from the ground arrive almost simultaneously at any point in the magnetosphere along two or more closely spaced direct ray paths. It is also shown that multiple paths can be explained by assuming field-aligned irregularities, and the implications of these results for nonducted wave-particle interaction in the magnetosphere are discussed. For reasonable parameters of nonducted, multiple path propagation, a cyclotron-resonant electron will experience a wave Doppler broadening of a few tens to a few hundreds of Hz.

Sonwalkar, V. S.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Wavenumber selection for single-wave steady states in a nonlinear baroclinic system

The principles involved in the selection of a wavenumber for single-wave steady states are examined numerically and analytically in the framework of an Eady-type model with uneven Ekman dissipation. The process of selection involves the determination of the preferred wavenumber for a given parameter setting in the nonlinear system by testing the stability of steady single-wave states in a triad with wavenumbers n(0) - 1, n(0), and n(0) + 1, where n(0) may change successively in the selection procedure. In a given triad for a given parameter setting, the preferred wave is the wave with the nonlinear Eady angle that is last to vanish.

Weng, H.-Y.↗
NASA NTRS1992

An assessment of lightning or in situ instabilities as a source for whistler mode waves in the night ionosphere of Venus

Low-altitude data acquired on orbits 484-526 of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter are used to assess the most probable source of whistler mode waves in the nightside ionosphere of Venus. The effect of electron temperature on whistler mode propagation is discussed, with particular emphasis on the growth rate of gyroresonant instabilities. The wave intensity as observed with the Pioneer Venus Orbiter electric field detector is compared with various plasma parameters to determine if it is likely that the waves are generated by an in situ instability. It is shown that gyroresonant whistler mode instabilities do not explain the Pioneer Venus wave data. It is demonstrated that the magnetic field strength controls the wave intensity, rather than density, and it is concluded that the electron Beta(e) is the primary factor in the occurrence of the 100-Hz waves detected in the nightside ionosphere of Venus. The present analysis supports the interpretation that these waves are due to lightning in the Venus atmosphere.

Strangeway, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Reflected GPS Power for the Detection of Surface Roughness Patterns in Coastal Water

Coastal bays formed by the barrier islands of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia are parts of a coastal region known as a "Coastal Compartment". The coastal compartment between the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays is actually the mosaic of landscapes on the headland of the interfluve that separates these large drainage basins. The coastal compartments form a variety of different-shaped waterways landward of the coastline. Shape differences along the boundaries produce differences in exposure to wind and waves. Different shoreface topographies seaward of the coastline also influence surface roughness by changing wave-refraction patterns. Surface-water roughness (caused by waves) is controlled by a number of parameters, including fetch, shielding, exposure corridors, water-mass boundary conditions, wetland vegetation and water depth in coastal bays. In the coastal ocean, surface roughness patterns are controlled by shoreface shoaling and inlet refraction patterns in the coastal ocean. Knowledge of wave phenomena in the nearshore and backbarrier areas is needed to understand how wave climate influences important ecosystems in estuaries and bays.

Oertel, George, F.↗
NASA NTRS1970

EMG-force dynamics in human skeletal muscle

On-line parameter tracking algorithm, obtaining parameters in mathematical relation between full wave rectified EMG and human triceps muscle force during isometric task

Bekey, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Theoretical frameworks for testing relativistic gravity: A review

Metric theories of gravity are presented, including the definition of metric theory, evidence for its existence, and response of matter to gravity with test body trajectories, gravitational red shift, and stressed matter responses. Parametrized post-Newtonian framework and interpretations are reviewed. Gamma, beta and gamma, and varied other parameters were measured. Deflection of electromagnetic waves, radar time delay, geodetic gyroscope precession, perihelion shifts, and periodic effects in orbits are among various studies carried out for metric theory experimentation.

Thorne, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

RF to digital converter

Converter can be used for automatic spectrum analysis. Automatic gain amplifier digitizes RF amplitude, and amplifier gain is measured by binary counter. Amount of gain corresponds to signal level and is proportional to count in counter. System can be used to calculate AM and FM modulation index and other parameters of pulse-modulated FM waves.

Flanders, T. E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Standing waves observed at the dayside magnetopause

Energetic (greater than 24 keV) ion distributions are used in remotely sounding an ion trapping boundary at the dayside magnetopause for two inbound crossings of ISEE-2 on days 347 and 312, 1977, at 0830 and 1100 LT. Applying single particle trajectory models to the observed temporal relationships between trapping boundary distance and orientation parameters, it is concluded that longitudinal standing waves occur on the boundary, having typical wavelengths of 1500-3000 km, amplitudes of 500 km, and periods of 200-400 sec. The standing wave nodes move along the node axis with velocities ranging from 1.5 to 6 km/sec. The data are found to be inconsistent with models of traveling waves moving tailward along the boundary.

Fahnenstiel, S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Joint state and parameter estimation

Recent results are described concerning the problem of state reconstruction for a class of nonlinear distributed systems. The methods are then applied to the problem of joint state and parameter estimation. An example with the wave equation is presented.

Carmichael, N.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The winds and coronae of early-type stars

The properties of the winds of hot stars as derived from radio, ultraviolet and X-ray observations is presented. Special focus is given to observations that test line driven wind theory. In this theory the wind properties are determined by the stellar effective temperature and surface gravity, but not parameters that specify the mechanical or wave fluxes from the star. Alternate explanations of the X-ray emission from the early-type stars are discussed. Evidence is given for the presence of coronal zones at the base of the stellar winds.

Cassinelli, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

High Power K Sub a -band Transmitter for Planetary Radar and Spacecraft Uplink

A proposed conceptual design of a 400 kW continuous wave (CW)K sub a band transmitter and associated microwave components to be used for planetary radar and serve as a prototype for future spacecraft uplinks is discussed. System requirements for such a transmitter are presented. Performance of the proposed high-power millimeter wave tube, the gyroklystron is discussed. Parameters of the proposed power amplifier, beam supply, and monitor and control devices are also presented. Microwave transmission line components consisting of signal monitoring devices, signal filtering devices, and an overmoded corrugated feed are discussed. Finally, an assessment of the state of the art technology to meet the system requirements is given and possible areas of difficulty are summarized.

Bhanji, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A fundamental model and efficient inference for SAR ocean imagery

Employing a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging model based on fundamental models of nonlinear hydrodynamics, electromagnetic scattering from a two-scale surface, and SAR imaging of a time-variant scene, the optimal (minimum mean-square error) estimates of the parameters of a sinusoidal, long gravity wave, and the short gravity wave ensemble are found in an efficient recursive form and their performance evaluated, generally by numerical simulation, in a one-dimensional stationary version. An application is made to Seasat-SAR complex imagery.

Harger, R. O.↗
NASA NTRS1985

High power Ka-band transmitter for planetary radar and spacecraft uplink

A proposed conceptual design of a 400 kW CW Ka-Band transmitter and associated microwave components to be used for planetary radar and serve as a prototype for feature spacecraft uplinks is discussed. System requirements for such a transmitter are presented. Performance of the proposed high power millimeter wave tube, the gyroklystron, is discussed. Parameters of the proposed power amplifier, beam supply, and monitor and control devices are also presented, Microwave transmission line components consisting of signal monitoring devices, signal filtering devices, and an overmoded corrugated feed are discussed. Finally, an assessment of the state of the art technology to meet the system requirements is given and possible areas of difficulty are summarized.

Bhanji, A.M.↗