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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Water Collection, Recovery, and Bag Containment Analysis of Trash Models of the Trash Compaction and Processing System (TCPS)

The Trash Compaction and Processing System (TCPS) aims to reduce volume, biologically safen, physically stabilize, manage effluents, and recover resources from astronaut trash in the International Space Station (ISS). The Heat Melt Compactor (HMC) at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) serves as a test system that supports TCPS development by conducting risk reduction activities associated with an ISS flight demonstration. One of the resources desired to be recovered is water from the trash. The HMC Gen 3 has undergone several tests of different trash models and cases in which a containment bag is used or not. This paper will analyze the water collected and recovered from these tests and analyze the effect of specific trash containment bags.

Janine Criselda Young↗
NASA NTRS2024

NASA's Capture, Containment, and Return System: Bringing Mars Samples to Earth

The Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign is one of the most ambitious and complex planetary science exploration missions ever pursued. With the participation of NASA, ESA, and many industry partners, MSR aims to bring Martian rock and atmosphere samples to Earth with the goal of answering key questions about Mars’ geological, climatological and, potentially, biological evolution. To accomplish this ambitious goal, the MSR campaign relies on three distinct flight elements and a ground element. The Earth Return Orbiter mission that would host the Capture, Containment, and Return System (CCRS) is the last flight element of the trio. The mission would capture the orbiting sample in low Mars orbit (launched into orbit by another mission), contain it, and return it to Earth, landing at the Utah Test and Training Range. Since its early architecture, several changes were adopted by CCRS to improve overall payload efficiency and reduce mass. This paper will discuss the CCRS design, how the current CCRS architecture contributes to an improved mission concept, and the next critical steps of the mission toward its launch.

Mars mission↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Electrical Discharge Machining of Additively Manufactured Superalloys Containing Oxide Dispersions

Superalloys can be strengthened by oxide dispersions to potentially improve their mechanical properties at high temperatures. Additive manufacturing has opened new paths for introducing oxide particles into superalloys with increased processing flexibility, to potentially provide oxide dispersion strengthening. Numerically controlled electrical discharge machining (EDM) has often been used as a machining process for initial sectioning, detailed roughing, and even finishing operations of conventional superalloys. The objective of this study was to examine how additively manufactured superalloys containing oxide dispersions respond when sectioned using EDM. Consistent sections of several superalloys, two containing an oxide dispersion, were sliced using a typical EDM machine with standard brass wire and a typical roughing condition set. Roughness, microstructure, and residual stress at the EDM surfaces were compared for the varied superalloys.

superalloys↗
NASA NTRS2024

Interim Measures Pilot Study Completion Report, South Repeater Building, Solid Waste Management Unit 121, Hydraulic Containment and Groundwater Treatment System for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

This Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interim Measures Pilot Study Completion Report was prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by AECOM Technical Services, Inc. under Contract 80KSC019D0010, Task Order 80KSC021F0096. The purpose of this report is to document the pilot study activities at the South Repeater Building, Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 121. This report details the additional assessment activities completed from June 2023 through November 2023 and the subsequent pilot study completed at the South Repeater Building conducted in December 2023 through February 2024. Initial activities were conducted in accordance with the Pilot Study Work Plan (NASA 2023), submitted to the KSC Remediation Team and accepted by the team on October 26, 2023. The objectives of the pilot study were to: • Provide information on aquifer characteristics and to aid in future modeling and remedial design activities to mitigate off-KSC migration of PFAS compounds. • Develop information on characteristics of the surficial aquifer system, specifically transmissivity, storage coefficient, hydraulic conductivity, and vertical hydraulic conductivity. • Obtain data to support construction and calibration of a groundwater flow model. • Acquire design parameters necessary for future remedial design activities, specifically radius of influence, drawdown, flow rates, and pump settings. The following activities were completed to meet the pilot study objectives: • Groundwater and surface water sampling • Geophysical investigation via Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) and soil sampling • Installation of observation and extraction wells via rotosonic techniques • Slug, step, and pump testing activities • Initial modeling efforts for a groundwater hydraulic containment system. Results of the pilot study and modeling activities are being used in the development of a groundwater containment and treatment system for the site.

PFAS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Preliminary Design of Robotic Control Software for Mars Sample Return - Capture, Containment, and Return System

The Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign aims to acquire and return to Earth a set of Mars samples for investigation in terrestrial laboratories. Mars 2020 has collected an adequate number of samples and deposited them in sealed sample tubes at a designated Martian depot. Sample tubes will be placed in cylindrical containers called Orbiting Samples (OS) by the Perseverance Rover, and later brought to Earth by the Earth Return Orbiter (ERO) and the MSR - Capture, Containment, and Return System (CCRS). Robot Software (RSW) is a set of software processes for commanding and monitoring the avionics that controls robotic mechanisms designed to sterilize and install OS into Earth Entry System (EES) for return to Earth. This paper describes a preliminary design of RSW including motion modes, architecture, and finite state machine. Additionally, software engineering procedures and testing of RSW is provided. A preliminary performance analysis is presented and the paper concludes with future work and a discussion of design decisions.

MSR↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reactor Containment Passive Safety Analysis: Steam Condensation in Presence of Non-condensable Gas Scaled Experiment and Modeling

This study presents steam condensation scaled experiments and semi-empirical models in presence of nitrogen (N)—a noncondensable gas (NCG), simulating air in the reactor containment—to support water-cooled small modular reactors (SMRs) passive containment cooling system (PCCS) design and analysis. Previous experimental studies on PCCS are focused on fixed and smaller tube (mostly 2-in.) geometries and specific test condition variations, bringing challenges with geometric scaling and mismatching with SMR prototypic design. To address these challenges, this study presents steam condensation test dataset obtained from three scaled test sections of 1-, 2-, and 4-in.-diameter steam condensers with an annular/jacket cooling of 2-, 3-, and 6 in.-diameter tubes, respectively. Test data were collected for steam ranges from 58 to 63 kg/hr., and NCG flow of 4.4 to 13.3 kg/hr. Annular cooling water flow was varied to obtain required testing conditions of saturated steam inlet and fully condensed outlet. Axial temperature test data of bulk cooling water, steam and condensate were collected by thermocouples for three test sections and various steam-NCG mixing/testing conditions. A standard data reduction method was adopted—utilizing iterative and nodalized mass and heat transfer calculation—to estimate axial local heat fluxes, heat transfer coefficients (HTCs), condensation rates, film thickness, and Nusselt number. Based on the obtained dataset semi-empirical model results—a ratio of experimental and Nusselt’s theoretical HTC are presented. Such results and findings are supportive of developing scaled-up testing facility, to enable model validations and accelerate next generation of reactors development and deployment

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Presentation: Reactor Containment Passive Safety Analysis: Steam Condensation in Presence of Non-condensable Gas Scaled Experiment and Modeling

This study presents steam condensation scaled experiments and semi-empirical models in presence of nitrogen--a noncondensable gas (NCG), simulating air in the reactor containment--to support water-cooled small modular reactors (SMRs) passive containment cooling system (PCCS) design and analysis. Previous experimental studies on PCCS are focused on fixed and smaller tube (mostly 2-in.) geometries and specific test condition variations, bringing challenges with geometric scaling and mismatching with SMR prototypic design. To address these challenges, this study presents steam condensation test dataset obtained from three scaled test sections of 1-, 2-, and 4-in.-diameter steam condensers with an annular/jacket cooling of 2-, 3-, and 6 in.-diameter tubes, respectively. Test data were collected for steam ranges from 58 to 63 kg/hr., and NCG flow of 4.4 to 13.3 kg/hr. Annular cooling water flow was varied to obtain required testing conditions of saturated steam inlet and fully condensed outlet. Axial temperature test data of bulk cooling water, steam and condensate were collected by thermocouples for three test sections and various steam-NCG mixing/testing conditions. A standard data reduction method was adopted--utilizing iterative and nodalized mass and heat transfer calculation to estimate axial local heat fluxes, heat transfer coefficients (HTCs), condensation rates, film thickness, and Nusselt number. Based on the obtained dataset semi-empirical model results--a ratio of experimental and Nusselt's theoretical HTC are presented. Such results and findings are supportive of developing scaled-up testing facility, to enable model validations and accelerate next generation of reactors development and deployment.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
NASA NTRS2009

Explicit Finite Element Modeling of Multilayer Composite Fabric for Gas Turbine Engine Containment Systems, Phase II: Ballistic Impact Testing - Part 2

This report summarizes the ballistic impact testing that was conducted to provide validation data for the development of numerical models of blade-out events in fabric containment systems. The ballistic impact response of two different fiber materials - Kevlar(TradeName) 49 and Zylon(TradeName) AS (as spun) was studied by firing metal projectiles into dry woven fabric specimens using a gas gun. The shape, mass, orientation, and velocity of the projectile were varied and recorded. In most cases, the tests were designed so the projectile would perforate the specimen, allowing measurement of the energy absorbed by the fabric. The results for both Zylon and Kevlar presented here represent a useful set of data for the purposes of establishing and validating numerical models to predict the response of fabrics under conditions that simulate those of a jet engine blade-release situation. In addition, some useful empirical observations were made regarding the effects of projectile orientation and the relative performance of the different fabric materials.

Zylon↗
DOE OSTI2026

Dual Chemical Looping/Catalytic Process for Alkylation of Benzene With Ethane and Propane Yielding Ethylbenzene and Cumene Over Copper‐Containing Mordenite

Given the sustained demand for alkylated aromatics and the strained olefin market, there is an urgent need to develop efficient one‐step processes for the direct alkylation of aromatics using alkanes instead of olefins. Such technologies offer greater energy efficiency and sustainability by eliminating the need for separate, energy‐intensive alkane dehydrogenation steps. In this work, we report a dual chemical looping / catalytic process that couples alkane dehydrogenation with aromatic alkylation over a copper‐containing mordenite yielding up to 25% of alkylated aromatics with >97% selectivity per cycle. In situ MAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopies combined with DFT calculations showed that the alkylation of benzene with alkanes proceeds via a π‐bounded Cu(I)‐olefin intermediate, which subsequently interacts with benzene, catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites, leading to alkylated products that readily desorb from the active material into the gas phase. DFT calculations show that alkylation mediated solely by Cu(I) has prohibitively high barriers (>1.8 eV), whereas a bi‐functional pathway involving both Cu(I) and Brønsted acid sites can proceed with significantly lower barrier (0.8 eV) through a concerted C–C bond formation and proton transfer step.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cleavage of C-O and C-C Bonds in Lignin-Derived Compounds to Produce Aromatics Using Molybdenum-Containing MFI Zeolites

Lignin, the most abundant source of renewable arenes, is a viable feedstock for the production of aromatic compounds. However, the prevalence of resilient C-C bonded oligomeric fragments in lignin-derived streams can compromise monomer yields during reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF). To address this issue, we developed a bifunctional molybdenum-containing MFI (Mo/H-MFI) zeolite catalyst capable of cleaving both C-O and C-C bonds in lignin-derived molecules to produce aromatic monomers. Using propylguaiacol as a model compound, we demonstrated the importance of proximity between metallic molybdenum carbide sites and the Bronsted acid sites in the zeolite in achieving high carbon yields (~80%) of benzene, toluene, propylbenzene, and phenol while maintaining catalyst stability (>98% stable conversion for 20 h). A reaction network involving both C-O and C-C bond cleavage pathways was proposed based on kinetic studies using key intermediates as feeds. Finally, we successfully depolymerized partially deoxygenated lignin oil obtained from the RCF of poplar using a continuous, two-pass catalytic process. This work highlights the potential of the bifunctional Mo/H-MFI catalyst in upgrading complex lignin feedstocks and provides a methodological approach for converting lignin-derived compounds into platform aromatic chemicals.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Exploiting the Properties of Non-Wood Feedstocks to Produce Tailorable Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibers

Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) are mainly produced commercially from treated wood pulp, which can decrease some of the carbon-negative benefits of utilizing biomass feedstock. In this work, LCNFs are prepared from non-wood feedstocks, including agricultural residues such as hemp, wheat straw, and flax. These feedstocks allowed for the preparation of LCNFs with a variety of properties, including tailored hydrophobicity. The feedstocks and their subsequent LCNFs are extensively characterized to determine the roles that feedstocks play on the morphology and properties of their resultant LCNFs. The LCNFs were then incorporated into paper handsheets to study their usefulness in papermaking applications, which indicated good potential for the use of wheat straw LCNFs as a surface additive to improve the oil resistance coating.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗