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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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758 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2027

Market participation strategy of hybrid energy resources: A New York ISO case study

Drawing on existing market designs with independent resource participation in electricity markets, this study analyzes participation models for hybrid resources combining renewable generation and storage. Two models are considered: in the first, the components operate independently, with the Independent System Operator (ISO) managing the storage state of charge (SoC); in the second, the hybrid resource acts as an integrated unit, submitting offers as a “black box” and managing its SoC internally. Using a production cost model for the zonal New York Bulk Power System, we evaluate trade-offs in system reliability, market efficiency, and asset profitability. Our results provide several key insights for policymakers, showing that the ISO-managed granular model enhances social welfare through explicit SoC management, while the simpler integrated model is more computationally efficient, but may cause more real-time violations and lower overall profits.

Bansal, Rajni Kant↗
DOE OSTI2026

Robust optimization of flexible diafiltration systems for critical mineral separations

This paper provides major contributions in expanding the literature for membrane process design with critical mineral recovery applications and showcasing the importance of robust design techniques for reducing risks of underperformance in such systems. Here, a membrane process flowsheet featuring PrOMMiS membrane models for recovering lithium/cobalt from spent batteries is showcased, uncertainty in membrane sieving and localized fouling are considered, and robust designs are obtained using the PyROS toolset. This paper is intended for a general audience of researchers working in critical minerals, membranes, and optimization related areas.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

High EneRgy Observatory for Imaging X-rays (HEROIX) Mission Concept

The High EneRgy Observatory for Imaging X-rays (HEROIX) is a next-generation broadband X-ray space telescope concept under development as a Medium-Class Explorer mission. Building on more than three decades of replicated NiCo shell technology at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, HEROIX will deliver 5 arcsecond half-power-diameter imaging resolution in the hard X-ray band. The observatory will incorporate four co-aligned telescopes with advanced multilayer coatings, extending the bandpass into the hard X-ray regime and providing an integrated effective area of 380 cm² at 30 keV. A suite of focal plane detectors will enable imaging capability throughout its 1–80 keV bandpass. This combination of angular resolution and high-energy coverage will open new windows into non-thermal processes in extreme astrophysical environments. HEROIXwill deliver transformative science, advancing the astrophysics community’s understanding of supernova physics, the X-ray binary population of the Galactic Center, accretion-driven galaxy evolution, and the origin of the Cosmic X-ray Background.

Nick Thomas↗
DOE OSTI2026

High entropy oxides prediction and discovery by the Mixed Enthalpy-Entropy Descriptor

The vast, high-dimensional composition space of high-entropy oxides (HEOs) offers exceptional opportunities for functional materials discovery, yet it also poses a fundamental challenge: the rational and efficient prediction of stable, synthesizable compositions and the corresponding structure–property relationships. Despite growing interest, the field still lacks broadly applicable, physically grounded descriptors capable of navigating various large chemical spaces. Here, we introduce a Mixed Enthalpy–Entropy Descriptor (MEED) that enables rapid, first-principles–based prediction of HEOs synthesizability across diverse chemistries. Using MEED, we perform high-throughput screening of two distinct HEO families: rocksalt oxides and perovskite oxides. The predicted top candidates in each family were experimentally validated. MEED reveals unifying thermodynamic and structural principles governing stability across both chemical compositions and polymorphs, providing mechanistic insight into the formation of high-entropy phases. This work significantly broadens the accessible chemical design space for HEOs and establishes a data-efficient framework for accelerating the discovery of next-generation functional materials.

Yu, Liping [University of Central Florida]↗
NASA NTRS1982

Spacecraft thermal balance testing using infrared sources

A thermal balance test (controlled flux intensity) on a simple black dummy spacecraft using IR lamps was performed and evaluated, the latter being aimed specifically at thermal mathematical model (TMM) verification. For reference purposes the model was also subjected to a solar simulation test (SST). The results show that the temperature distributions measured during IR testing for two different model attitudes under steady state conditions are reproducible with a TMM. The TMM test data correlation is not as accurate for IRT as for SST. Using the standard deviation of the temperature difference distribution (analysis minus test) the SST data correlation is better by a factor of 1.8 to 2.5. The lower figure applies to the measured and the higher to the computer-generated IR flux intensity distribution. Techniques of lamp power control are presented. A continuing work program is described which is aimed at quantifying the differences between solar simulation and infrared techniques for a model representing the thermal radiating surfaces of a large communications spacecraft.

G. B. T. Tan↗
NASA NTRS1965

Aerodynamic Design of Axial Flow Compressors

An overview of 'Aerodynamic systems design of axial flow compressors' is presented. Numerous chapters cover topics such as compressor design, potential and viscous flow in two dimensional cascades, compressor stall and blade vibration, and compressor flow theory. Theoretical aspects of flow are also covered. This work is based substantially on a three-volume Confidential Research Memorandum f h t issued by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1956 and declassified in .1958 for release to the general public. The material, which was of a fundamental character, has been updated for the present edition in the light of subsequent developments in the field and has been carefully reexamined for current validity by members of the staff of the NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. It is now published for the first time in a single volume to meet continuing demand for the information and to make it readily available in convenient form to the engineering community both within and outside the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Axial flow compressor↗
NASA NTRS1966

A Review of Medical Results of Gemini 7 and Related Flights

On August 23, 1966, a review of the medical findings of the fourteen day Gemini 7 mission and related flights was conducted. This review was organized at the request of Dr. George E. Mueller, Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, and consisted of presentations by the Principal Investigators of the Gemini Medical Flight Experiments and by the Director, Medical Research and Operations, Manned Spacecraft Center. This document is a compilation of the material presented at the review. The Principals cooperated most significantly by reviewing a transcription of a tape recording of their presentation, editing and providing a final version for publication. Without this most generous assistance, this document could not have been published. Table I, which follows immediately after this Introduction, is presented to acquaint the reader with the scope and sequence of medical measurements and experiments which were conducted during Project Gemini. This review was held prior to the conduct of the Gemini 11 and 12 missions, therefore, material derived from those flights is not included in this document.

E J McLaughlin↗
NASA NTRS2026

Deep RL for Fast Long-Horizon Operations Scheduling on NASA's Carruthers Geocorona Observatory Mission

Spacecraft operations scheduling is a highly constrained, long-horizon combinatorial optimization problem that traditionally relies on heuristics, constraint programming, or manual planning. We present a scalable deep reinforcement learning framework developed and deployed for NASA’s Carruthers Geocorona Observatory mission. Our framework introduces a macro-action abstraction known as activity blocks coupled with dynamic action-masking to navigate the intractably large search space and strictly enforce complex power, thermal, and instrument constraints. The resulting architecture generates globally feasible schedules with overwhelming probability, establishes operational trust, and executes a full training cycle in under six hours, circumventing the need for policy robustness by enabling rapid, on-demand retraining. Further, resulting schedules outperform baseline heuristics in scheduled science quality. The deep reinforcement learning framework was deployed as the default operational scheduler for the Carruthers Geocorona Observatory mission from the outset of the mission, demonstrating that deep reinforcement learning can be trusted for real spacecraft operations under complex, evolving constraints.

Geocorona↗
NASA NTRS1985

Report of the Microbial Development Working Group

In formulating ideas on the relationship of gravity to the development, growth, and reproduction of microorganisms, a rather liberal definition of microorganisms is used which includes bacteria, yeasts, protists, filamentous fungi, and single cells in culture. A principal advantage of microorganisms as experimental subjects is the rigor with which they can be defined and controlled. As single cells, each cell may be regarded as identical to the others in the population. This property applies to the morphology, physiology, and genetic parameters of the cells. The growth and development of the population is subject to precise manipulation as the nutritional requirements are known and minimal media formulations have been developed. Growth and differentiation can be manipulated in a variety of ways, such as alteration of the culture temperature and food supply, or by use of mutants. Finally, the short generation times of microorganisms provide the opportunity to conduct multigenerational studies within practical time limits and, in a similar vein, cellular responses to various stimuli or stresses are conveniently monitored because of the rapid response times of single cells.

G Nelson↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electric spiking activity in epithelial cells

Epithelial cells (human keratinocyte cells and the canine MDCK cell line), traditionally viewed as electrically non-self-excitable and involved primarily in physiological functions such as barrier presentation, absorption, secretion, and protection, are shown here to exhibit traveling extracellular electric charge when they recover from spatially focused, laser-induced wounding of confluent monolayers cultured on a multielectrode array chip. Voltage spikes measured on these electrodes display depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization phases with amplitudes similar to the action potentials of neurons but with the markedly slower duration of 1 to 2 s. Some propagate distances up to hundreds of μm from the wound with a mean speed of around 10 mm s −1 . Generation and transmission of bioelectric signals are significantly influenced by the perturbation of mechanosensitive cationic ion channels. These direct measurements confirm bioelectric signaling that previous work has hypothesized to regulate epithelial cell development and may have relevance to the frequency parameter selection of bioelectric devices.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2026

X-ray tomography of damage dynamics in advanced materials using a laser wakefield accelerator

Additively manufactured (AM) metals offer the potential for customizable, cost-effective components, but qualification and certification are crucial. Key to this process is understanding pore dynamics under stress, typically analyzed using micro-computed tomography. This study introduces laboratory-scale “betatron” x-rays from laser wakefield acceleration as a high-throughput alternative for x-ray tomography of advanced materials, such as AM AlSi10Mg alloys. Coupled with 3D finite element modeling, this method provides detailed insights into stress-porosity interactions. The approach delivers high-resolution scans, revealing that pore shape and local triaxiality significantly influence fracture dynamics, supporting advanced material characterization. This work also demonstrates the potential and versatility of laser-betatron x-ray μCT for generating large datasets to accelerate our understanding of the stochastic, process-specific nature of pore formation in AM alloys.

Senthilkumaran, Vigneshvar↗
DOE OSTI2026

Gold Catalyzed Polymerization Reactions of Unsaturated Substrates: Towards New Functional, Recyclable, and Upcycled Aromatic Polymers (Final Report)

The overarching goal of this project lied in the translation of gold (Au) catalyzed small molecule synthetic transformations to the field of polymer science, the generation of new macromolecular structures, and the application of the materials and methodologies produced toward sustainable polymer development and chemical upcycling. Specifically, this project aimed to polymerize monomers based on unsaturated precursors and access novel polymeric materials through the extension of Au catalyzed intermolecular processes. The specific objectives of this project comprised: (1) the extension of Au-catalyzed intermolecular reactions to bifunctional monomers and the polycondensation of diverse nucleophiles; (2) to gain fundamental mechanistic insight into Au-catalyzed polymerizations; (3) the application of these reactions to the synthesis of new classes of aromatic polymers that can be readily and/or selectively deconstructed; and (4) to apply these chemistries to post-polymerization modification (PPM) of commercially relevant polyaromatic substrates, including post-industrial plastics and post-consumer waste.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI1991

Pressure Safety Training (Rev. 8)

This is the workbook for the Pressure Safety Training Course. It is intended as a reference manual and guide for all work with pressurized liquids or gases. This workbook contains basic references to make work with pressure safer. It is intended to supplement classroom instruction, rather than serve as a definitive text on pressure. Earlier versions of the manual were intended specifically for training at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This revision is a generic version intended for training at all DOE facilities. The information in the Standards chapter is from the LLNL Health and Safety Manual. It is included here as a convenient reference and guide for developing similar standards at your own facility.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2015

A Battery Certification Testbed for Small Satellite Missions

A battery pack consisting of standard cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion cells has been chosen for small satellite missions based on previous flight heritage and compliance with NASA battery safety requirements. However, for batteries that transit through the International Space Station (ISS), additional certification tests are required for individual cells as well as the battery packs. In this manuscript, we discuss the development of generalized testbeds for testing and certifying different types of batteries critical to small satellite missions. Test procedures developed and executed for this certification effort include: a detailed physical inspection before and after experiments; electrical cycling characterization at the cell and pack levels; battery-pack overcharge, over-discharge, external short testing; battery-pack vacuum leak and vibration testing. The overall goals of these certification procedures are to conform to requirements set forth by the agency and identify unique safety hazards. The testbeds, procedures, and experimental results are discussed for batteries chosen for small satellite missions to be launched from the ISS.

Certification↗
DOE OSTI2025

The glass-ceiling convective regime and the origin and diversity of coronae on Venus

Venus and Earth are rocky planets of roughly the same size and bulk density, yet their surface volcanic and tectonic features appear substantially different. On Venus, the coexistence of large volcanic highlands—interpreted as the surface expression of long-lived mantle plumes—alongside coronae, smaller features thought to be caused by transient thermal diapirs, remains enigmatic. Using two-dimensional numerical models of mantle convection with sharp and broad mineral phase transitions for pyrolite, we show that both scales of upwellings can be generated in a stagnant lid planet with an interior temperature 250 to 400 K warmer than Earth’s. The smaller plumes originate from a ~600 km deep internal layer that exists as a consequence of the different sequence of mineral phase transitions that occur in warmer mantles less processed and differentiated by partial melting and volcanism. Future models that include melting will provide further tests of our hypothesis.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2026

Multiple shape coexistence near {sup 118}Sn: First 0+ 3 lifetime measurement

The intruder bands in Sn isotopes, built on the 2p-2h excitation across the Z = 50 proton shell gap, are well-known examples of shape coexistence near the neutron mid-shell region. Spectroscopic signatures for shape coexistence include enhanced E0 transitions between the 0+ band heads. However, the underlying shape coexistence and mixing has been unclear because lifetime information for the excited 0+ states was incomplete in 118Sn. We thus present here the first measurement of the 0+ 3 lifetime in 118Sn using the fast-timing technique following thermal-neutron capture. The observed enhancement in ρ2(E0;0+ 3 → 0+ 2 ) of 150(30) milliunits provides compelling indications for multiple shape coexistence in 118Sn. Additionally, three distinct shapes in 116,118,120Sn naturally emerged in theoretical calculations based on the quantum-number-projected generator coordinate method employing a relativistic energy density functional.

Wu, F.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Cryogenic Quenching Process

This paper reports a heat transfer advancement in the cryogenic quenching process. An experiment was performed to evaluate the enhancement of quenching heat transfer by the use of metal tubes with low thermal conductivity coating layers. Four coating thicknesses with various coolant mass flow rates of liquid nitrogen were investigated. The results indicated that the tube inner surface coating greatly enhanced the quenching efficiency. The quenching efficiency was found to increase with increasing number of coating layers, and the efficiency also increased with decreasing mass flow rates. In general, the efficiencies cover a range between 40.6% and 80%. Comparing to the bare surface case, the percentage increase in the quenching efficiency was the minimum at 4.2% for a single coated layer at the highest flow rate and the maximum of 109.1% for four coated layers at the lowest flow rate. The coated tubes could save up to 53% in the amount of cryogen consumption.

two-phase flow↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Evaluation of Particle Degradation of a Ytterbium Disilicate Gas Turbine Coating in a Combustion Environment

Ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7) is a state-of-the-art topcoat material used in environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to protect SiC-SiC composites from water vapor corrosion in gas turbine engines. However, it’s degradation by thermochemical and thermomechanical particle interactions may limit its use in next generation engine systems. Several static furnace tests have been performed on Yb2Si2O7 to elucidate methods of degradation, although dynamic testing in an engine-relevant environment has not been carried out. Ultimately, testing and evaluation of materials that incorporates all environmental damage modes will allow for an accurate assessment of long-term durability and operating lifetime. This work details the investigation of particle-induced erosion and corrosion of Yb2Si2O7 in NASA Glenn’s Erosion Burner Rig Facility. Coating durability was investigated as a function of test temperature, particle size, and deposition rate. Thermal cycling was also incorporated into testing to determine the interplay of heating/cooling cycles with particle degradation. Overall, these analyses will be used to determine coating robustness in an engine relevant environment.

Jamesa L Stokes↗