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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22

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NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Surface Systems and Interface Standardization

A key contribution to surface systems sustainability on Lunar and planetary surfaces is commonality between hardware and software interfaces. Generic interfaces for data, power, and fluids will reduce risk, promote interoperability, and define standard interfaces across surface exploration projects and programs. Standardized interfaces would be advantageous for improving efficiency and reducing overall complexity, which are critical considerations for future space exploration. Furthermore, it will provide cost reductions to NASA’s Artemis program over its life cycle (in Operations & Maintenance (O&M) and Logistics). Unique proprietary interfaces if considered or allowed would not only increase complexity but also add cost to the programs. Of course, understanding what will work and not work effectively in these unique environments such as the lunar surface is important. These unique environments require much needed intelligent design, prototyping, comprehensive testing, and field experience, utilizing consensus on common interface solutions.

Lunar↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

FAIR-ness Assessment of NASA’s Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)

This presentation addresses the challenge of evaluating a multi-disciplinary institutional network of data repositories in operation since 1994 against the relatively recent criteria that constitute FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data. NASA’s Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), with its 12 discipline-based Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), preceded the definition and popularization of FAIR by over two decades. An assessment is very useful to describe how well the FAIR principles are met and to identify any improvements needed. In 2020, A “self-assessment” of EOSDIS and DAACs was performed by the ESDIS Project staff and the DAACs from the points of view of human actionability and machine actionability. More recently, a draft of a Science Mission Directorate (SMP) Program Directive (SPD-41a) has been released by NASA Headquarters for comment, where it is recommended that all SMD-funded data should follow the FAIR principles. This presentation is timely to initiate community discussion within the Information Quality Cluster (IQC) of the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) and help strategize and develop implementation guidelines for EOSDIS and DAACs to conform to FAIR principles.

Remote sensing↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Demonstration of a Switched Wideband GaN High-Power Amplifier for Future Space Missions

In this paper, we present the architecture of a Ka-band switched, wideband, high efficiency gallium nitride based high-power amplifier. The architecture is validated by characterizing the driver and power amplifier chain. The measured results include Pout, Gain, PAE, RMS EVM for QPSK, Offset-QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, and 16QAM constellations, 3rd order IMD products, and noise figure. The wide bandwidth and high output power of the amplifier will enable future user terminals to interoperate between multiple service provider’s space networks.

high power amplifier↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Use of Atmospheric Composition Variable Standard Names in Airborne and Field Data Products

The number of variables measured during airborne field campaigns has increased more than tenfold over the last thirty years. With this increase in measurements, the complexity for distributed active archive centers (DAACs) to distribute the data and for data users to search for and find measurements of interest has also increased. Part of this complexity arises from the unique variable names in suborbital atmospheric composition field studies. With limited guidelines related to variable naming, variable names and structures can vary significantly, even for the same type of variable. It is common for instrument scientists to use their intended measurable quantity as the data variable name. This can make it difficult for users to locate and interact with a particular variable across multiple data sets. One effective solution to this problem, identified by the Earth Science Data System (ESDS) ICARTT Refresh Working Group [1], was to introduce variable standard names that can be used as tags for each data variable. This allows similar measurements (e.g., dew point) to be categorized and located across field campaigns, regardless of what variable name the instrument scientist has used. From this the atmospheric composition variable standard names were developed with the goal to use Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles [2] and provide context for all users, while remaining connected to those in the subject area. These standard names have been successfully implemented in FIREX-AQ, CAMP 2EX, ACTIVATE, and DCOTSS field campaigns.

metadata↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Demonstration of a Switched Wideband GaN High-Power Amplifier for Future Space Missions

In this paper, we present the architecture of a Ka-band switched, wideband, high efficiency gallium nitride based high-power amplifier. The architecture is validated by characterizing the driver and power amplifier chain. The measured results include Pout, Gain, PAE, RMS EVM for QPSK, Offset-QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, and 16QAM constellations, 3rd order IMD products, noise figure, and added phase noise. The wide bandwidth and high output power of the amplifier will enable future user terminals to interoperate between multiple service provider’s space networks.

High power amplifier↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Benefits of Ka-band GaN MMIC High Power Amplifiers With Wide Bandwidth and High Spectral/Power Added Efficiencies for Cognitive Radio Platforms

A cognitive radio on a future NASA near-Earth spacecraft will be capable of sensing its environment and dynamically adapting its operating parameters to provide the desired SATCOM service to the mission. A key component that can enable this type of operation is a high-power amplifier (HPA) that resides on the radio platform. In this paper, we present the RF performance characteristics of a Ka-band gallium nitride (GaN) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) based HPA for cognitive radio platforms. These characteristics include the output power, gain, power added efficiency (PAE), RMS error vector magnitude (EVM), spectral efficiency, 3rd-order intermodulation distortion (IMD) products, spectrum, spectral regrowth, noise figure (NF), and phase noise. The data presented indicates that the HPA meets NTIA, military, and commercial spectral mask requirements. In addition, we discuss the benefits offered by the above performance characteristics toward the design and implementation of a cognitive radio platform. Furthermore, as examples, we discuss three potential use cases that apply artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques and exploit the performance characteristics discussed above to provide a knowledge-based cognitive radio platform design for SATCOM. Thus, cognitive radios with performance flexibility can enable roaming and provide seamless interoperability autonomously in the future between NASA, commercial, and other space networks owned by U.S. government agencies.

Gallium nitride↗

NASA NTRS2023

Benefits of Ka-band GaN MMIC High Power Amplifiers With Wide Bandwidth and High Spectral/Power Added Efficiencies for Cognitive Radio Platforms

A cognitive radio on a future NASA near-Earth spacecraft will be capable of sensing its environment and dynamically adapting its operating parameters to provide the desired SATCOM service to the mission. A key component that can enable this type of operation is a high-power amplifier (HPA) that resides on the radio platform. In this report, we present the RF performance characteristics of a Ka-band gallium nitride (GaN) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) based HPA for cognitive radio platforms. These characteristics include the output power, gain, power added efficiency (PAE), RMS error vector magnitude (EVM), spectral efficiency, 3rdorder intermodulation distortion (IMD) products, spectrum, spectral regrowth, noise figure (NF), phase noise, and group delay. The data presented indicates that the HPA meets NTIA, military, and commercial spectral mask requirements. In addition, we discuss the benefits offered by the above performance characteristics toward the design and implementation of a cognitive radio platform. Furthermore, as examples, we discuss three potential use cases that apply artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques and exploit the performance characteristics discussed above to provide a knowledge-based cognitive radio platform design for SATCOM. Thus, cognitive radios with performance flexibility can enable roaming and provide seamless interoperability autonomously in the future between NASA, commercial, and other space networks owned by U.S. government agencies.

Gallium nitride↗

NASA NTRS2023

Implementing the GEOSS Water Strategy: From Observations to Decisions

In 2014, The GEOSS Water Strategy – From Observations to Decisions was published and steps were taken to implement the Strategy’s recommendations. The Strategy highlighted priority areas where the application of Earth observations to water research and water management decisions would have significant scientific and societal benefits. This article reviews the implementation of the Strategy’s recommendations over the past eight years. After a review of the Strategy’s assessment of the needs for water observations and their applications, it then reviews actions taken in response to the Strategy’s recommendations in its four major themes: improved data acquisition for Essential Water Variables, research and product development, interoperability, and capacity development. It highlights significant achievements in the implementation of the Strategy including some motivated by factors beyond this Strategy, reviews actions taken by participating agencies and programs for each of the main themes and summarizes the remaining challenges in achieving the Strategy’s full implementation. The article not only is an update for the Water Community regarding the GEOSS Water Strategy, but it is also an example of how other communities could develop and promulgate a set of strategic recommendations, monitor progress, and carry out assessments of their effectiveness.

Earth observations↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

FAIR Assessments

Presentation on Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) Assessment approaches for data.

FAIR↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Service Provider Technical Interchange

ATM-X subproject, DIP (Digital Information Platform) is hosting a Service Provider(SP) workshop to discuss Service Quality, Data Governance, Cybersecurity, and Interoperability. This workshop will provide an interactive forum for exchanging ideas with peers and experts. Service Providers have a chance to influence future developments and ensure that your services align with DIP’s vision of the future aviation ecosystem.

Cybersecurity↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Increasing Data Discovery and Re-Use: The Space Life Sciences Ontology

Two of the most important goals of the adoption of the FAIR principles are increasing the ability of agents to find and re-use research data. Achieving these goals for space life sciences research is even more pressing, given the relatively expensive and scarce nature of these data. We have reported in the past on the progress made by exemplar life sciences data systems towards implementing FAIR, showing gaps particularly in the “interoperability area” of the principles; the lack of common conceptual models for space life science research is one reason for this gap. There were few available resources that define, annotate, categorize or otherwise relate various kinds of metadata describing the acquisition, nature, and intent of investigational space life sciences data. To address this gap, NASA is working with the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology Foundry (https://obofoundry.org/) to develop the Space Life Science Ontology (SLSO) that is intended to support archival and other kinds of systems that operate using these data. The scope of the ontology includes concepts regarding those aspects of investigation design and execution specific or unique to space environments, such as types of specialized equipment, operating organizations, and documentation. The ontology is continually being developed and published to the life science community (https://github.com/nasa/LSDAO/); at the time of this publication, the SLSO newly and uniquely defines 30 types (classes), 90 properties, and 14 relations specific to space life sciences metadata. In addition, the SLSO reuses (imports) some 2,360 types (classes), 49 properties, and 393 relations from other ontologies that are relevant to these kinds of metadata. In addition to its role as a common conceptualization for space biomedical research activities, the SLSO can also be used to provide automated support for traditionally difficult and expensive activities such as data curation and cross-system data integration and analysis.

fair↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of the Artemis Distributed Simulation FOMs

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is formulating and developing the Artemis Program, a collaboration with domestic commercial and international partners that will establish a long term human presence on the Moon and extend human exploration beyond the Earth-Moon system ahead of exploring Mars. These Artemis partners are developing a portfolio of space and surface systems to support human missions to the lunar surface and beyond. The Artemis systems will provide the mobility, habitation, and logistics infrastructure that will support human exploration and foster robust scientific investigations. Each partner will contribute one or more elements to the Artemis Program with NASA having the overarching responsibility for defining the Artemis architecture and guiding the integration of this complex system of space systems. To successfully accomplish this audacious task, NASA will rely on the development and execution of many complex models and simulations. Many of these simulations will be provided by the Artemis partners. While each of these simulations will provide important insight into the characteristics and performance of an associated system, individually they will not provide insight into the integrated performance of the architecture and the system of systems working in concert to execute a given Artemis mission. To address this need, NASA is developing a distributed simulation capability called the Artemis Distributed Simulation (ADS). ADS’s distributed nature supports the complex aggregation of constituent Artemis element simulations. Artemis partner simulations will be able to join into an ADS-based distributed simulation and interact with other Artemis element simulations while limiting the exposure of proprietary designs and data. ADS is defining a distributed simulation capability built on international simulation interoperability standards, specifically the High Level Architecture (HLA) and the Space Reference Federation Object Model (SpaceFOM). While HLA and SpaceFOM provide the substantive necessary technology basis for ADS, additional common datatypes, message definitions, and execution protocols are required. These extensions constitute the ADS Federation Object Model (FOM). This paper describes the fundamental architectural elements of ADS and the FOM extensions needed to support the complex nature of the Artemis Program. This includes the examination of the ADS FOM modules, ADS base datatypes, ADS SpaceFOM Object Class extensions, new ADS Object Classes, and new ADS Interaction Classes.

HLA↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of the Artemis Distributed Simulation FOMs

HLA↗

DOE OSTI2025

Lessons Learned and Scalability Achieved When Porting Uintah to DOE Exascale Systems

A key challenge faced when preparing codes for Department of Energy (DOE) exascale systems was designing scalable applications for systems featuring hardware and software not yet available at leadership-class scale. With such systems now available, it is important to evaluate scalability of the resulting software solutions on these target systems. One such code designed with the exascale DOE Aurora and DOE Frontier systems in mind is the Uintah Computational Framework, an open-source asynchronous many-task (AMT) runtime system. To prepare for exascale, Uintah adopted a portable MPI+X hybrid parallelism approach using the Kokkos performance portability library (i.e., MPI+Kokkos). This paper complements recent work with additional details and an evaluation of the resulting approach on Aurora and Frontier. Results are shown for a challenging benchmark demonstrating interoperability of 3 portable codes essential to Uintah-related combustion research. These results demonstrate single-source portability across Aurora and Frontier with scaling characteristics shown to 3,072 Aurora nodes and 9,216 Frontier nodes. In addition to showing results run to new scales on new systems, this paper also discusses lessons learned through efforts preparing Uintah for exascale systems.

Holmen, John [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000259342641)↗

DOE OSTI2025

A2SD: Accelerating Scientific Innovation Through Autonomous Discovery Systems

The 2025 Advancing Autonomous Scientific Discovery (A2SD) workshop convened researchers from academia, national laboratories, and industry to explore the transformative role of autonomy in scientific discovery. The workshop highlighted a convergence of artificial intelligence, robotics, and computational workflows into autonomous systems capable of accelerating the scientific process. Presentations and discussions spanned autonomous experimentation, intelligent workflow orchestration, digital twins, and agent-based systems for managing complex research ecosystems. Key challenges discussed included interoperability across heterogeneous infrastructures, near real-time data management under FAIR principles, reproducibility, and the integration of human oversight. The workshop also emphasized the need for modular software interfaces, federated learning models, and education initiatives to support a next-generation scientific workforce.

Taufer, Michela [University of Tennessee, Knoxvill↗

DOE OSTI2024

Riverine dissolved organic matter transformations increase with watershed area, water residence time, and Damköhler numbers in nested watersheds

Abstract Quantifying the relative influence of factors and processes controlling riverine ecosystem function is essential to predicting future conditions under global change. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a fundamental component of riverine ecosystems that fuels microbial food webs, influences nutrient and light availability, and represents a significant carbon flux globally. The heterogeneous nature of DOM molecular composition and its propensity for interaction (i.e., functional diversity) can characterize riverine ecosystem function across spatiotemporal scales. To investigate fundamental drivers of DOM diversity, we collected seasonal water samples from 42 nested locations within five watersheds spanning multiple watershed sizes (~ 5 to 30,000 km 2 ) across the United States. Patterns in DOM molecular richness, aromaticity, relative abundance of N-containing formulas, and putative biochemical transformations derived from high-resolution mass spectrometry were assessed across gradients of explanatory variables associated with watershed characteristics (e.g., watershed area, water residence time, land cover). We found that putative biochemical transformations were more strongly related to explanatory variables across watersheds than common bulk DOM parameters and that watershed area, surface water residence time and derived Damköhler numbers representing DOM reactivity timescales were strong predictors of DOM diversity. The data also indicate that catchment-specific land cover factors can significantly influence DOM diversity in diverging directions. Overall, the results highlight the importance of considering water residence time and land cover when interpreting longitudinal patterns in DOM chemistry and the continued challenge of identifying generalizable drivers that are transferable across watershed and regional scales for application in Earth system models. This work also introduces a Findable Accessible Interoperable Reusable (FAIR) dataset (> 300 samples) to the community for future syntheses.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

A digital twin platform for building performance monitoring and optimization: Performance simulation and case studies

Advancements in sensor technology, data analytics, affordable compute, and communication infrastructure have paved the way for Digital Twin technology in optimizing building operations and controls. This study presents the development of an open and interoperable web-based Digital Twin platform for integrating diverse data streams and facilitating effective user interactions. The platform utilizes modern technologies for the web framework and time-series data management, ensuring scalability and responsiveness. The backend supports seamless integration of diverse data sources and emulators, incorporating data from building sensors and meters, external weather Application Programming Interfaces, and advanced EnergyPlus simulation models of the building and its energy systems including the Distributed Energy Resources that are formulated in Functional Mockup Units. A simulation case study was conducted with FlexLab, a test facility on Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory campus. The case study includes normal operations, Distributed Energy Resource integration, and power outage scenarios, to illustrate the Digital Twin’s ability to provide critical insights into energy performance and thermal resilience. The results demonstrated the platform’s potential as a decision-support tool for optimizing building energy performance and enhancing resilience against extreme weather events. Future work will focus on deploying the Digital Twin platform to a real building for field validation, extending its capabilities to cover more scenarios such as bidirectional Electric Vehicle interactions, and enhancing user engagement.

EnergyPlus↗

DOE OSTI2025

Results of an interlaboratory study on the working curve in vat photopolymerization II: Towards a standardized method

The working curve measurement in photopolymer additive manufacturing is a ubiquitous measure of the cure depth of a printing resin as a function of radiant exposure of light. The fit parameters from this measurement (the depth of light penetration D p and the critical exposure E c ) are used to evaluate and report a resin’s printability, optimize processing parameters, and inform print and resin quality control. Despite its widespread use, the working curve lacks a standard measurement method. Here, following up on our paper “Results of an Interlaboratory Study on the Working Curve in Vat Photopolymerization” from last year, an interlaboratory study on the working curve was performed using calibrated, reproducible, bandpass filtered light sources. With these light sources, the variability between labs in measured working curves was dramatically reduced from the initial interlaboratory study. Aggregate data from this experiment produced reliable D p and E c measurements at 385 nm of 39.2 ± 3.7 µm and 12.3 ± 3.0 mJ cm −2 , respectively. At 405 nm the values of D p and E c are 69.3 ± 3.8 µm and 17.9 ± 2.3 mJ cm −2 , respectively. The results are agnostic to the thickness measurement tool utilized by participants, ensuring broad applicability across laboratories. We also tested the generalizability of the proposed method of using a filtered light source by filtering a commercial 405 nm light source and obtaining a working curve in agreement with the aggregate data from the interlaboratory study. This interlaboratory study provides a basis for a documentary standard for the working curve, so that the entire photopolymer additive manufacturing industry can share reproducible and interoperable working curve data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗