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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2007

Progressive Fracture of Laminated Fiber-Reinforced Composite Stiffened Plate Under Pressure

S-Glass/epoxy laminated fiber-reinforced composite stiffened plate structure with laminate configuration (0/90)5 was simulated to investigate damage and fracture progression, under uniform pressure. For comparison reasons a simple plate was examined, in addition with the stiffened plate. An integrated computer code was used for the simulation. The damage initiation began with matrix failure in tension, continuous with damage and/or fracture progression as a result of additional matrix failure and fiber fracture and followed by additional interply delamination. Fracture through the thickness began when the damage accumulation was 90%. After that stage, the cracks propagate rapidly and the structures collapse. The collapse load for the simple plate is 21.57 MPa (3120 psi) and for the stiffened plate 25.24 MPa (3660 psi).

Gotsis, Pascalis K.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Frequency Response of an Aircraft Wing with Discrete Source Damage Using Equivalent Plate Analysis

An equivalent plate procedure is developed to provide a computationally efficient means of matching the stiffness and frequencies of flight vehicle wing structures for prescribed loading conditions. Several new approaches are proposed and studied to match the stiffness and first five natural frequencies of the two reference models with and without damage. One approach divides the candidate reference plate into multiple zones in which stiffness and mass can be varied using a variety of materials including aluminum, graphite-epoxy, and foam-core graphite-epoxy sandwiches. Another approach places point masses along the edge of the stiffness-matched plate to tune the natural frequencies. Both approaches are successful at matching the stiffness and natural frequencies of the reference plates and provide useful insight into determination of crucial features in equivalent plate models of aircraft wing structures.

Krishnamurthy, T.↗
NASA NTRS2008

An East to West Mineralogical Trend in Mars Exploration Rover Spirit Moessbauer Spectra of Home Plate

Home Plate is a light-toned plateau approx.90 m in diameter within the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater on Mars. It is the most extensive exposure of layered bedrock encountered by Spirit to date, and it is composed of clastic rocks of moderately altered alkali basalt composition, enriched in some highly volatile elements. Textural observations suggest an explosive origin and geochemical observations favor volcanism, probably a hydrovolcanic explosion [1]. Since it first arrived at Home Plate on sol 744, Spirit has circumnavigated the plateau (Fig. 1) and is now, since sol 1410, resting at its Winter Haven 3 location at the north end of Home Plate. Results: The MER Moessbauer spectrometers determine Fe oxidation states, identify Fe-bearing mineral phases and quantify the distribution of Fe among oxidation states and mineral phases [2]. Moessbauer spectra of Home Plate bedrock were obtained in five different locations from nine different targets (Fig. 1): Barnhill Ace, Posey Manager, and James Cool Papa Bell Stars at the northwest side of Home Plate; Pesapallo, June Emerson, and Elizabeth Emery on the east side; Texas Chili on the south side; Pecan Pie on the west side; and Chanute on the north side.

Schroder, C.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Testing and Calibration of Phase Plates for JWST Optical Simulator

Three phase plates were designed to simulate the JWST segmented primary mirror wavefront at three on-orbit alignment stages: coarse phasing, intermediate phasing, and fine phasing. The purpose is to verify JWST's on-orbit wavefront sensing capability. Amongst the three stages, coarse alignment is defined to have piston error between adjacent segments being 30 m to 300 m, intermediate being 0.4 m to 10 m, and fine is below 0.4 m. The phase plates were made of fused silica, and were assembled in JWST Optical Simulator (OSIM). The piston difference was realized by the thickness difference of two adjacent segments. The two important parameters to phase plates are piston and wavefront errors. Dispersed Fringe Sensor (DFS) method was used for initial coarse piston evaluation, which is the emphasis of this paper. Point Diffraction Interferometer (PDI) is used for fine piston and wavefront error. In order to remove piston's 2 pi uncertainty with PDI, three laser wavelengths, 640nm, 660nm, and 780nm, are used for the measurement. The DHS test setup, analysis algorithm and results are presented. The phase plate design concept and its application (i.e. verifying the JWST on-orbit alignment algorithm) are described. The layout of JWST OSIM and the function of phase plates in OSIM are also addressed briefly.

Gong, Qian↗
DOE OSTI2020

Monocrystal-based microchannel plate image intensifier

A monocrystalline scintillator comprises a monocrystal and an optical plate wherein a first side of the monocrystal is adhered to the optical plate. The monocrystal comprises at least one of a rare earth garnet, a perovskite crystal, a rare-earth silicate, and a monocrystal oxysulphide. The scintillator assembly includes an adhesive adhering the optical plate to the first side of the monocrystal. The adhesive can comprise an ultra-high vacuum compatible adhesive. The adhesive is substantially transparent and has a refractive index matching the optical plate. The scintillator assembly can also include a reflective coating on the second side of the monocrystal. The monocrystalline scintillator assembly can be incorporated in a microchannel plate image intensifier tube to provide improved spatial resolution and temporal response.

Lumpkin, Alex H.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Image plate calibration system

A calibration system for an image plate used to detect high-energy particles produced by a radioisotope includes a casing and an image plate holder disposed at least partially inside the casing. The image plate is retained by the image plate holder inside the casing. A calibration source generates energy inside the casing to prepare the image plate for detection.

Immel, Darryl R.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pattern bonded finned cold plate

An apparatus includes a fin pack of parallel plates that protrude from a base, a lid attachable to the fin pack opposite the base, and a brazing material painted onto the lid only in a plurality of wettable regions. The lid is positioned against the fin pack, opposite the base, with portions of the plurality of regions contacting edges of the parallel plates. The lid is brazed to the fin pack without intrusion of the brazing material between the parallel plates. This is accomplished by obtaining a lid to be attached to a fin pack of parallel plates that protrude from a base, painting the lid with the brazing material only in a plurality of wettable regions, positioning the lid against the fin pack, opposite the base, with portions of the plurality of regions contacting edges of the parallel plates, and brazing the lid to the fin pack.

Schultz, Mark D.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Asymmetric configurable double-sided manifold micro-channel cold plates

A cold plate having a manifold includes a recess extending from a first side to a second side of the manifold, where the recess includes openings to the recess positioned lengthwise along the first side and a single opening to the recess on the second side, an inlet and an outlet fluidly coupled to the recess, a plurality of plates fastened to the first side enclosing the openings, a heat sink fastened to the second side enclosing the single opening on the second side, and a plurality of fluid cores one of each positioned between each of the plurality of plates and the heat sink. The plurality of fluid cores include a flow distribution insert, a first plate fin positioned between the flow distribution insert and the heat sink fastened to the second side, and a second plate fin positioned between the flow distribution insert and the heat sink.

Zhou, Feng↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coating developments towards enabling aluminum as a bipolar plate material for PEM fuel cells

Bipolar plates represent a significant portion of the cost and weight of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. As a result, there has been significant interest in using low weight and cost materials, such as aluminum. Aluminum has good mechanical and physical properties; however, it performs poorly in the corrosive environment within the fuel cell stack. To overcome the corrosion performance issue, there have been efforts towards developing coating processes to enable aluminum to attain corrosion targets. In an effort to enable aluminum as a viable bipolar plate material, a solid phase processing (diffusion bonding) approach for bonding a titanium foil to aluminum is investigated in this study. The microstructure, corrosion performance, mechanical properties and electrical resistance are investigated. To avoid the known reduction in contact resistance performance of titanium after exposure to bipolar plate media, the effect of addition of highly conductive gold particles after diffusion bonding, on contact resistance and corrosion behavior, is also studied and compared with diffusion bonded Ti to Al. In conclusion, the results indicate that diffusion bonded Ti to Al provides a viable alternative material combination for bipolar plate that avoids the micro pores and crevasses that are associated with vapor deposition or electroplating.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Influence of Heave Plate Topology on Reaction Force

In this study, we explore the role of heave plate topology on fluid reaction forces using three, representative shapes: a hexagonal flat plate, a hexagonal conic with an open top, and the same with a closed top that encloses a fluid mass. We force each test article sinusoidally in a quiescent tank and decompose the reaction force using forms of the Morison equation for phase-invariant and phase-dependent parameterizations. We find that a flat plate generates 5.3 % more fluid reaction force than the open conic topology, and 21.4% more than the enclosed conic. Asymmetric topologies generate asymmetric reaction forces, but the magnitude of asymmetry is limited by nearly symmetric fluid inertia forces, which dominate over drag for these test articles. Additionally, we observe asymmetric vortex dynamics for the flat plate when the Keulegan-Carpenter number is between 1 and 2, accompanied by a shift in the phase of the peak force by of the oscillation period. As a consequence of this shift, the hydrodynamic coefficients estimated from the phase-dependent Morison equation decomposition are asymmetric, suggesting that phase-dependent representations may not provide physical insight in some hydrodynamic regimes.

added mass↗
DOE OSTI2021

3D Detection of Lithiation and Lithium Plating in Graphite Anodes during Fast Charging

A barrier to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is enabling fast charging lithium-ion batteries. At normal charging rates, lithium ions intercalate into the graphite electrode. At high charging rates, lithiation is inhomogeneous, and metallic lithium can plate on the graphite particles, reducing capacity and causing safety concerns. We have built a cell for conducting high-resolution in situ X-ray microtomography experiments to quantify three-dimensional lithiation inhomogeneity and lithium plating. Our studies reveal an unexpected correlation between these two phenomena. During fast charging, a layer of mossy lithium metal plates at the graphite electrode–separator interface. The transport bottlenecks resulting from this layer lead to underlithiated graphite particles well-removed from the separator, near the current collector. These underlithiated particles lie directly underneath the mossy lithium, suggesting that lithium plating inhibits further lithiation of the underlying electrode.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity

Rechargeability and operational safety of commercial lithium (Li)-ion batteries demand further improvement. Plating of metallic Li on graphite anodes is a critical reason for Li-ion battery capacity decay and short circuit. It is generally believed that Li plating is caused by the slow kinetics of graphite intercalation, but in this paper, we demonstrate that thermodynamics also serves a crucial role. We show that a nonuniform temperature distribution within the battery can make local plating of Li above 0 V vs. Li 0 /Li + (room temperature) thermodynamically favorable. This phenomenon is caused by temperature-dependent shifts of the equilibrium potential of Li 0 /Li + . Supported by simulation results, we confirm the likelihood of this failure mechanism during commercial Li-ion battery operation, including both slow and fast charging conditions. This work furthers the understanding of nonuniform Li plating and will inspire future studies to prolong the cycling lifetime of Li-ion batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Effect of tilt on circular zone plate performance

Fresnel zone plates are frequently used as focusing and imaging optics in x-ray microscopy, as they provide the ease of use of normal incidence optics. We consider here the effects of tilt misalignment on their optical performance, both in the thin optics limit and in the case of zone plates that are sufficiently thick so that volume diffraction effects come into play. Using multislice propagation, we show that simple analytical models describe the tilt sensitivity of thin zone plates and the thickness at which volume diffraction must be considered, and examine numerically the performance of example zone plates for soft x-ray focusing at 0.5 keV and hard x-ray focusing at 10 keV.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Machine Learning-Enabled Quantitative Analysis of Optically Obscure Scratches on Nickel-Plated Additively Manufactured (AM) Samples

Additively manufactured metal components often have rough and uneven surfaces, necessitating post-processing and surface polishing. Hardness is a critical characteristic that affects overall component properties, including wear. This study employed K-means unsupervised machine learning to explore the relationship between the relative surface hardness and scratch width of electroless nickel plating on additively manufactured composite components. The Taguchi design of experiment (TDOE) L9 orthogonal array facilitated experimentation with various factors and levels. Initially, a digital light microscope was used for 3D surface mapping and scratch width quantification. However, the microscope struggled with the reflections from the shiny Ni-plating and scatter from small scratches. To overcome this, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) generated grayscale images and 3D height maps of the scratched Ni-plating, thus enabling the precise characterization of scratch widths. Optical identification of the scratch regions and quantification were accomplished using Python code with a K-means machine-learning clustering algorithm. The TDOE yielded distinct Ni-plating hardness levels for the nine samples, while an increased scratch force showed a non-linear impact on scratch widths. The enhanced surface quality resulting from Ni coatings will have significant implications in various industrial applications, and it will play a pivotal role in future metal and alloy surface engineering.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2004

Chemical stability enhancement of lithium conducting solid electrolyte plates using sputtered LiPON thin film

Sputter deposition of LiPON films directly onto high Li+ conductivity solid electrolyte plates has been investigated as a means to minimize the reactivity of the plates to metallic Li. The LiPON films were shown to effectively passivate the plates in contact with metallic Li, in contrast to unpassivated plates that reacted immediately in contact with Li metal.

LiPON lithium metals electrolyte plates↗
NASA NTRS1942

Normal-pressure Tests of Circular Plates with Clamped Edges

A fixture is described for making normal-pressure tests of flat plates 5 inches in diameter in which particular care was taken to obtain rigid clamping at the edges. Results are given for 19 plates, ranging in thickness from 0.015 to 0.072 inch. The center deflections and the extreme-fiber stresses at low pressures were found to agree with theoretical values; the center deflections at high pressures were 4 to 12 percent greater than the theoretical values. Empirical curves are derived of the pressure for the beginning of permanent set as a function of the dimensions of the plate and the tensile properties of the material.

CIRCULAR↗
DOE OSTI2020

Revealing and Elucidating ALD-Derived Control of Lithium Plating Microstructure

The practical implementation of Li metal batteries is hindered by difficulties in controlling the Li metal plating microstructure. While previous atomic layer deposition (ALD) studies have focused on directly coating Li metal with thin films for the passivation of the electrode–electrolyte interface, a different approach is adopted, situating the ALD film beneath Li metal and directly on the copper current collector. Here, a mechanistic explanation for this simple strategy of controlling the Li metal plating microstructure using TiO 2 grown on copper foil by ALD is presented. In contrast to previous studies where ALD-grown layers act as artificial interphases, this TiO 2 layer resides at the copper–Li metal interface, acting as a nucleation layer to improve the Li metal plating morphology. Upon lithiation of TiO 2 , a Li x TiO 2 complex forms; this alloy provides a lithiophilic surface layer that enables uniform and reversible Li plating. The reversibility of lithium deposition is evident from the champion cell (5 nm TiO 2 ), which displays an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 96% after 150 cycles at a moderate current density of 1 mA cm –2 . This simple approach provides the first account of the mechanism of ALD-derived Li nucleation control and suggests new possibilities for future ALD-synthesized nucleation layers.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Design of Mini-Plate-1 Irradiation Test for Qualification of High-Density, Low-Enriched U-10Mo Monolithic Fuel

The United States High Performance Research Reactor project is tasked with fuel development and qualification leading to conversion of higher power research and test reactors in the US from high-enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuels. Here, this manuscript identifies the functional and operational design requirements of the first miniature test plate (mini-plate [MP]) irradiation campaign (MP-1) of commercially fabricated LEU U-10Mo monolithic plate-type fuel and is the precursor to a large parametric mini-plate test (MP-2) aimed at producing the data to support regulatory qualification of the LEU U-10Mo monolithic fuel. The manuscript (1) provides a general description of the selected U-10Mo LEU fuel and (2) defines the overall experiment design and functional requirements to accomplish the specific test objective of MP-1, which is to confirm that the commercially manufactured LEU U-10Mo monolithic fuel meets the established requirements of geometric stability, mechanical integrity and stable and predictable behavior. The fuel testing parameters are established by the need to bound performance behavior within the operational envelope of the reactors being converted.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗