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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

A 100 kW 1.3 GHz Magnetron System with Amplitude and Phase Control

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc., Fermilab, and Communications & Power Industries, LLC, developed a 100 kW peak, 10 kW average, 1.3 GHz, magnetron-based, RF system for driving accelerators. Efficiency varied between 81% and 87%. Phase locking uses a novel approach that provides fast amplitude and phase control when coupled into a superconducting accelerator cavity [1]. The system was successfully tested at Fermilab and produced 100 kW in 1.5 ms pulses at a repetition rate of 2 pps. A locking bandwidth of 0.9 MHz was achieved with a drive signal of 269 W injected through a 4 port circulator. The phase locking signal was 25 dB below the magnetron output power. The spectrum of the phase locked magnetron was suitable for driving accelerator cavities. Phase modulation was demonstrated to 50 kHz (the limit of the available driver source). The average power was limited by available conditioning time. Scaling indicates 42 kW of average power should be achievable. Estimated cost is less than $1/Watt of delivered RF power, exclusive of power supplies or modulators. System design and performance measurements will be presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1999

Experimental Analysis of Mast Lifting and Bending Forces on Vibration Patterns Before and After Pinion Reinstallation in an OH-58 Transmission Test Rig

As part of a cooperative research program between NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Glenn Research Center, and the U.S. Army Laboratories, a series of experiments are being performed on the 500 HP OH-58a Transmission Test Rig at NASA Glenn Research Center. The findings reported in this paper were drawn from Phase 1 of a two-phase experiment, and are focused on the vibration response of an undamaged pinion gear and planetary system operating in situ in the transmission test rig. Phase 2 of the experiment, which is reported elsewhere, introduced a seeded fault into the pinion gear and tracked its progress in real-time. Based on methods presented here, further experimental research will be conducted to examine planetary system faults.

Huff, Edward M.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

On-Orbit Performance of the NOAA-21 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) instrument provides sounding measurements of Earth’s atmosphere to collect temperature and water vapor data for NOAA’s Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program. ATMS is a total-power passive microwave radiometer with 22 channels spanning a frequency range from 22 to 183 GHz. A general description of the ATMS instrument is detailed in [1]. Three ATMS units are currently on-orbit. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) unit was launched in 2011 and the NOAA-20 (previously JPSS-1) unit was launch in 2017. Both SNPP and NOAA-20 ATMS units are currently operational and the data is used for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The NOAA-21 (formerly JPSS-2) ATMS unit was launched on November 10, 2022 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California [2]. The ATMS instrument began generating radiance data on November 21, 2022. At the time of this abstract NOAA-21 ATMS is currently completing on-orbit commissioning and checkout activities; it is expected that the commissioning activities will be complete by the IGARSS 2023 conference. This paper will focus on the on-orbit performance of the NOAA-21 ATMS instrument based on measurements and activities from the commissioning period. Comparisons will be made to specifications and to expected performance based on pre-launch test activities. Pre-launch JPSS-2 (NOAA-21) ATMS performance is detailed in [4]. Additionally, the NOAA-21 performance will be compared to the on-orbit performance of the SNPP and NOAA-21 ATMS units. The post-launch performance of SNPP ATMS is detailed in [1][5][6][7]. The post-launch performance of NOAA-20 ATMS is detailed in [5][7][8]. On-orbit performance is evaluated through data collects from nominal mission operations as well as specific post-launch tests and spacecraft maneuvers. Nominal mission operations can be used to evaluate parameters such as instrument thermal stability, Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature (NEDT)/radiometric sensitivity, geolocation, inter-channel noise correlation, striping, and radiometric bias and stability. Shortly after instrument activation, the instrument thermal stability as measured from onboard temperature sensors is evaluated to demonstrate stable and steady-state behavior. Methods for computing NEDT are described in [9][10][11]. Passive geolocation measurements are performed using the coastline inflection point (CIP) method, described in [8][12]. The striping index, used as a metric to quantify striping, is the ratio of along-track variance to cross-track variance of the observed brightness temperature [4][8][14]. Inter-channel noise correlation has been previously reported for SNPP and NOAA-20 [1][8]. Dedicated post-launch tests and spacecraft maneuvers are utilized during the commissioning phase for further evaluation of on-orbit instrument performance. These activities provide information on the optimal space view selection, noise power spectral density (PSD), gain stability, scan bias, interference from onboard transmitters, reflector emissivity, active geolocation, and radiometric bias and stability detection methods. The optimal space view selection is used to determine which of ATMS space view sectors is preferred for minimizing contamination of the space view [1]. Point and stare testing is used to generate noise PSD and gain stability information, as described in [1][8]. Spacecraft roll and pitch maneuvers allow the ATMS to view different zones, including deep space, and the data can be used to provide information on scan biases and antenna sidelobe contamination [1][8]. The pitch maneuver can also be used to assess interference from onboard Ka-band transmitters and reflector emissivity [8]. Active geolocation is evaluated as a method for geolocation, described in [15].

Edward Kim↗
DOE OSTI2017

Wallula Basalt Pilot Demonstration Project: Post-injection Results and Conclusions

Deep underground geologic formations are emerging as a reasonable option for long-term storage of CO 2 , including large continental flood basalt formations. At the GHGT-11 and GHGT-12 conferences, progress was reported on the initial phases for Wallula Basalt Pilot demonstration test (located in Eastern Washington state), where nearly 1,000 metric tons of CO 2 were injected over a 3-week period during July/August 2013. The target CO 2 injection intervals were two permeable basalt interflow reservoir zones with a combined thickness of ~20 m that occur within a layered basalt sequence between a depth of 830-890 m below ground surface. During the two-year post-injection period, downhole fluid samples were periodically collected during this post-injection monitoring phase, coupled with limited wireline borehole logging surveys that provided indirect evidence of on-going chemical geochemical reactions/alterations and CO 2 disposition. A final detailed post-closure field characterization program that included downhole fluid sampling, and performance of hydrologic tests and wireline geophysical surveys. Included as part of the final wireline characterization activities was the retrieval of side-wall cores from within the targeted injection zones. These cores were examined for evidence of in-situ mineral carbonization. Visual observations of the core material identified small globular nodules, translucent to yellow in color, residing within vugs and small cavities of the recovered basalt side-wall cores, which were not evident in pre-injection side-wall cores obtained from the native basalt formation. Characterization by x-ray diffraction identified these nodular precipitates as ankerite, a commonly occurring iron and calcium rich carbonate. Isotopic characterization (δ 13 C, δ 18 O) conducted on the ankerite nodules indicate a distinct isotopic signature that is closely aligned with that of the injected CO 2 . Both the secondary mineral nodules and injected CO 2 are measurably different from the isotopic content of basalt, injection zone groundwater and for naturally occurring calcite. Final post-injection wireline geophysical logging results also indicate the presence of free-phase CO 2 at the top of the two injection interflow zones, with no vertical migration of CO 2 above the injection horizons. Furthermore, these findings are significant and demonstrate the feasibility of sequestering CO 2 in a basalt formation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Environmentally Friendly Use of Carbon Ore for Advanced Building Materials for Homes and Commercial Buildings

Through this effort, X-MAT CCC sought to confirm the utility and commercialization potential of carbon-derived building materials (CDBM) technology licensed from our partner, Semplastics. These CDBM products contain at least 52% coal-derived carbon by mass. Including the binders within the resin, the products contain at least 71% carbon by mass overall, meeting a key criterion for DE-FOA-0002185 – Area of Interest (AOI) 5 – Design Research and Development, Validation, and Fabrication of a Prototype Carbon-Based Building. The Phase II project has resulted in a technology demonstrator prototype structure, a detailed design for a carbon-based building, and updated techno-economic analysis (TEA) including detailed market surveys to show the commercial viability of CDBM products. We pursued the following objectives in Phase II: (1) construction of a partial building shell as a technology demonstrator, (2) testing of CDBM products, individually and in assemblies, (3) demonstration of bonding of CDBM and traditional building materials (TBM) in structural applications, (4) production of a detailed design for a carbon-based building, and (5) an update of the TEA that was performed in Phase I. In Phase II, X-MAT CCC and our industry team performed the development and testing needed to improve the maturity of the technology from a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 5 to TRL 6. CDBM have been shown by our partner Semplastics to exhibit a number of high-performance characteristics, including high strength (five times the flexure strength of the best commercial brick, and more than twice the compressive strength of construction-grade concrete block), lower density, improved mechanical durability and abrasion resistance, very high temperature stability, and resistance to chemicals, acids, salts, and water. These properties offer significant improvements over conventional building materials. Phase II built upon the work accomplished in Phase I by performing technical and economic research and development to confirm the viability of CDBM as commercial products in various markets. Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FE0031985.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
NASA NTRS1996

Atmospheric Turbulence Statistics from GOLD Experiments

Ground-Orbiter Lasercomm Demonstration (GOLD) includes the following: (1) Optical communication experiments between Table Mountain Observatory (TMF) and Japanese Engineering Test Satellite (ETS-VI); (2) International cooperative effort between NASA, NASDA, CRL and JPL; and (3) Phase 1 transmissions from October 1995 to January 1996 and Phase 2 transmissions from March 1996 to May 1996.

Jeganathan, Muthu↗
NASA NTRS2019

NASA Centennial Challenge: 3D Printed Habitat, Phase 3 Final Results

NASA's Centennial Challenges program uses prize competitions with the goal of accelerating innovation in the aerospace industry. Competitions in the Centennial Challenges portfolio have previously focused on advancements in space robotics, regolith excavation, bio-printing, astronaut suit design, small satellites, and solar-powered vehicles. NASA's Three Dimensional (3D) Printed Habitat Centennial Challenge represents a partnership between NASA and the non-profit partner: Bradley University, with co-sponsors Caterpillar, Bechtel, Brick and Mortar Ventures, the American Concrete Institute, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) to spur development in automated additive construction technologies. The challenge asks teams to design and construct a scaled and simulated Martian habitat using indigenous materials and large scale 3D automated printing systems. Phase 1 of the competition, held in 2015, was an architectural design competition for habitat concepts that could be 3D printed. Phase 2, completed in 2017, asked teams to develop feedstocks from indigenous materials and hydrocarbon polymer recyclables, and demonstrate automated printing systems to manufacture these feedstocks into test specimens to assess mechanical strength. This paper will discuss the Phase 3 competition, focusing on technology outcomes that can potentially be infused into both terrestrial and planetary construction applications. The Phase 3 competition was divided into two sub-competitions: 1) virtual construction, where teams created a high fidelity building information model (BIM) of their 3D-printed habitat design and 2) the construction competition, which required teams to 3D print a structural foundation and subject materials samples to freeze/thaw testing and impact testing (level 1), produce a habitat element and complete a hydrostatic test (level 2), and additively manufacture a 1:3 scale habitat onsite in a head to head competition at Caterpillar, inc.'s Edwards Demonstration & Learning Center near Peoria, Illinois over the course of three days (level 3). While the Phase 2 competition focused primarily on the development of novel feedstocks and robotic printing systems, Phase 3 emphasized the scale-up of these systems and autonomous operation (demonstrating the capability to operate systems on precursor missions prior to the arrival of crew, or terrestrially in field operation settings where human tending of a manufacturing system may be limited). The Phase 3 virtual construction levels yielded a number of novel habitat designs, including both modular habitats and vertically-oriented habitat concepts. The Phase 3 construction competition also challenged teams to autonomously place penetrations and interfacing elements in additively manufactured structures. The paper will emphasize potential applications for the new materials and technologies developed under the umbrella of the competition within NASA's portfolio and in Earth-based applications such as disaster response and infrastructure improvement.

Construction↗
NASA NTRS2019

Nasa Centennial Challenge: Three Dimensional (3d) Printed Habitat, Phase 3

NASA's Centennial Challenges program uses prize competitions with the goal of accelerating innovation in the aerospace industry. Competitions in the Centennial Challenges portfolio have previously focused on advancements in space robotics, regolith excavation, bio-printing, astronaut suit design, small satellites, and solar-powered vehicles. NASA's Three Dimensional (3D) Printed Habitat Centennial Challenge represents a partnership between NASA and the non-profit partner: Bradley University, with co-sponsors Caterpillar, Bechtel, Brick and Mortar Ventures, the American Concrete Institute, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) to spur development in automated additive construction technologies. The challenge asks teams to design and construct a scaled and simulated Martian habitat using indigenous materials and large scale 3D automated printing systems. Phase 1 of the competition, held in 2015, was an architectural design competition for habitat concepts that could be 3D printed. Phase 2, completed in 2017, asked teams to develop feedstocks from indigenous materials and hydrocarbon polymer recyclables, and demonstrate automated printing systems to manufacture these feedstocks into test specimens to assess mechanical strength. This paper will discuss the Phase 3 competition, focusing on technology outcomes that can potentially be infused into both terrestrial and planetary construction applications. The Phase 3 competition was divided into two sub-competitions: 1) virtual construction, where teams created a high fidelity building information model (BIM) of their 3D-printed habitat design and 2) the construction competition, which required teams to 3D print a structural foundation and subject materials samples to freeze/thaw testing and impact testing (level 1), produce a habitat element and complete a hydrostatic test (level 2), and additively manufacture a 1:3 scale habitat onsite in a head to head competition at Caterpillar, inc.'s Edwards Demonstration & Learning Center near Peoria, Illinois over the course of three days (level 3). While the Phase 2 competition focused primarily on the development of novel feedstocks and robotic printing systems, Phase 3 emphasized the scale-up of these systems and autonomous operation (demonstrating the capability to operate systems on precursor missions prior to the arrival of crew, or terrestrially in field operation settings where human tending of a manufacturing system may be limited). The Phase 3 virtual construction levels yielded a number of novel habitat designs, including both modular habitats and vertically-oriented habitat concepts. The Phase 3 construction competition also challenged teams to autonomously place penetrations and interfacing elements in additively manufactured structures. The paper will emphasize potential applications for the new materials and technologies developed under the umbrella of the competition within NASA's portfolio and in Earth-based applications such as disaster response and infrastructure improvement.

Centennial challenge↗
NASA NTRS1972

Fabrication and test of a space power boiler feed electromagnetic pump. Part 1: Design and manufacture of pump

A three-phase helical induction electromagnetic (EM) pump has been designed and built. This pump was designed for use as the boiler-feed pump of a potassium Rankine-cycle space electric power system. The pump is constructed of high temperature materials including a T-111 duct, Hiperco 27 magnetic material, nickel clad silver conductor wire, and a completely inorganic insulation system. The pump is designed to deliver 3.25 lb/sec potassium at 1000 F with a developed head of 240 psi while being cooled by 800 F NaK. At these conditions, the overall pump efficiency is expected to be 18%.

Gahan, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

STS-1 operational flight profile. Volume 4: Onorbit profile-cycle 3.1.1

The orbital flight test (OFT) phase of the shuttle program consists of four orbital flights beginning in November 1980and continuing through 1981. The major purpose of the OFT program is to demonstrate and verify shuttle systems and flight capabilities by satisfying the OFT requirements, is presented. The onorbit portion of the operational flight profile (OFP) for the first Space Transportation System-1 (STS-1) flight is presented. This onorbit document (volume 4) is one in a series that, taken together, will define the STS-1 OFP. This OFP onorbit document represents a combination of the STS-1 ground rules and constraints and the initialization data. The STS-1 flight activities described reflect the trajectory, consumable, crew activity, and flight requirement baseline as of May 1, 1980. Flight plans for the ascent, onorbit, and descent phases of the test flight are presented.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2022

Characterization of Lunar Polar Volatiles for Curation and ISRU - Executive Summary

The goal of this project is to support lunar exploration by simulating and characterizing ice and volatile-rich materials expected to be found at the lunar poles. These materials are highly sensitive to heating, which could significantly alter their composition and prevent scientific studies on lunar samples. During FY19, we obtained materials for and designed a simulated lunar environment, within which volatile-rich simulant could be made. We also refined the procedure for moderate-fidelity lunar simulants at cryogenic temperatures. In FY20, we completed our test setup, and we can now reach cryogenic temperatures and near-lunar pressures with active compositional monitoring of volatiles in the vapor phase. For FY21, we: 1) progressed towards developing sample storage temperature requirements for volatile-rich samples by completing storage testing, along with materials testing for Artemis geologic sampling, 2) obtained instrumentation for solid sample monitoring to characterize solid species, and 3) progressed towards water extraction testing for ISRU. Our test results will directly feed into Artemis science requirements, hardware designs for sample return, vehicle requirements (HLS, Gateway, Orion), and operations planning for lunar exploration activities.

Julie L Mitchell↗
NASA NTRS2001

Materials Compatibility Testing in RSRM ODC: Free Cleaner Selection

Government regulations have mandated production phase-outs of a number of solvents, including 1,1,1-trichloroethane, an ozone-depleting chemical (ODC). This solvent was used extensively in the production of the Reusable Solid Rocket Motors (RSRMs) for the Space Shuttle. Many tests have been performed to identify replacement cleaners. One major area of concern in the selection of a new cleaner has been compatibility. Some specific areas considered included cleaner compatibility with non-metallic surfaces, painted surfaces, support materials such as gloves and wipers as well as corrosive properties of the cleaners on the alloys used on these motors. The intent of this paper is to summarize the test logic, methodology, and results acquired from testing the many cleaner and material combinations.

Keen, Jill M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design and calibration of an optically segmented single volume scatter camera for neutron imaging

The Optically Segmented Single Volume Scatter Camera (OS-SVSC) aims to image neutron sources for non-proliferation applications using the kinematic reconstruction of elastic double-scatter events. Our prototype system consists of 64 EJ-204 organic plastic scintillator bars, each measuring 5mm × 5mm × 200mm and individually wrapped in Teflon tape. The scintillator array is optically coupled to two silicon photomultiplier ArrayJ-60035 64P-PCB arrays, each comprised of 64 individual 6x6mm J-Series sensors arranged in an 8 × 8 array. We report on the design details, including component selections, mechanical design and assembly, and the electronics system. The described design leveraged existing off-the-shelf solutions to support the rapid development of a phase 1 prototype. Several valuable lessons were learned from component and system testing, including those related to the detector's mechanical structure and electrical crosstalk that we conclude originates in the commercial photodetector arrays and the associated custom breakout cards. We detail our calibration efforts, beginning with calibrations for the electronics, based on the IRS3D application-specific integrated circuits, and their associated timing resolutions, ranging from 3090ps. With electronics calibrations applied, energy and position calibrations were performed for a set of edge bars using 22 Na and 90 Sr, respectively, reporting an average resolution of 12.07±0.03mm for energy depositions between 900keVee and 1000keVee. We further demonstrate a position calibration method for the internal bars of the matrix using cosmic-ray muons as an alternative to emission sources that cannot easily access these bars, with an average measured resolution of 14.86+-0.29mm for depositions between 900keVee and 1000keVee. The coincident time resolution reported between pairs of bars measured up to 400ps from muon acquisitions. Energy and position calibration values measured with muons are consistent with those obtained using particle emission sources.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

PV Inverter Systems Enabled by Monolithically Integrated SiC based Four Quadrant Power Switch (4-QPS) [BiDFET]

The purpose of this project was to develop a new breed of Power Conversion Systems (PCS) for PV integration that is enabled by the newly developed 4-Quadrant Single Die SiC Power Semiconductor Switches (4-QPS) or also referred to as “Bidirectional FET (BIDFET)”. This work includes semiconductor die development, advanced packaging, converter design, development, and testing of 4-QPS enabled hardware prototypes at 1 kW (for single phase residential application) and 10 kW (for three phase commercial application). The BiDirectional Field-Effect Transistor (BiDFET) can enable circuit topologies requiring four-quadrant switches, that were earlier designed using discrete combinations of MOSFETs, IGBTs, GaN HEMTs, and PiN diodes. The monolithic nature of the BiDFET allows lower device count, smaller switch volume, lower inductance, and simpler packaging, and hence more reliable and commercially viable implementation in power electronics converters. The matrix converter topologies, now feasible using BiDFETs, can eliminate the bulky and unreliable dc link capacitors or inductors required for conventional voltage-source or current-source converters in ac–ac and ac–dc applications. The 1.2 kV BiDFET has the potential to disrupt all the applications utilizing 1.2 kV switches, including electric vehicle (EV) drivetrain, bidirectional EV chargers, industrial motor drives, solid-state transformers, datacenter power supplies, elevator drives, dc microgrids, energy storage grid integration, solid-state breakers, etc.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS1979

Measurement Techniques and Instruments Suitable for Life-prediction Testing of Photovoltaic Arrays

The validation of a 20-year service life for low-cost photovoltaic arrays is a critical requirement in the Low-Cost Solar Array (LSA) Project. The validation is accomplished through accelerated life-prediction tests. A two-phase study was conducted to address the needs before such tests are carried out. The results and recommended techniques from the Phase 1 investigation are summarized in the appendix. Phase 2 of the study is covered in this report and consisted of experimental evaluations of three techniques selected from these recommended as a results of the Phase 1 findings. The three techniques evaluated were specular and nonspecular optical reflectometry, chemiluminescence measurements, and electric current noise measurements.

Noel, G. T.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Research on the noise produced by large scale structure in supersonic jets

Using a dual electrode glow discharge excitation device, a method of mode selection into either the n = 0 or n = + or - 1 azimuthal modes was developed and tested by Fourier analyzing experimental azimuthal phase and amplitude data. On a M = 2.1 moderate Reynolds number (Re = 68,000) jet with a laminar boundary layer, under n = 0 or n = +1 excitation, coherent axial wave evolution, mean flow, and sound pressure level directivity measurements were performed. The boundary layer of this same jet was excited usng a grit coating on the nozzle wall, and bandpassed axial wave evolution data obtained and compared to the masurements made by previous workers on a conventional high Reynolds number jet (Re = 5,000,000) using a hot-film type probe.

Mclaughlin, D. K.↗