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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1992

Critical soft landing technology issues for future US space missions

A programmatic need for research and development to support parachute-based landing systems has not existed since the end of the Apollo missions in the mid-1970s. Now, a number of planned space programs require advanced landing capabilities for which the experience and technology base does not currently exist. New requirements for landing on land with controllable, gliding decelerators and for more effective impact attenuation devices justify a renewal of the landing technology development effort that existed during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. A study was performed to evaluate the current and projected national capability in landing systems and to identify critical deficiencies in the technology base required to support the Assured Crew Return Vehicle and the Two-Way Manned Transportation System. A technology development program covering eight landing system performance issues is recommended.

Macha, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-N report). Volume 1: Technical

The GOES-N study consisted of five distinct tasks including: determining replication costs of GOES I-M and GOES-7 in the GOES-N time frame; defining and evaluating modifications to GOES I-M to improve efficiency or reduce costs; and defining evolutionary changes to the GOES I-M design to satisfy National Weather Service (NWS) 1983 and NOAA 1989 requirements. The categorization and disposition of NOAA requirements is reported in volume 1 section 4. Results of the GOES I-M efficiency/cost improvement modifications study are described in Section 7.1. The system concept options 1, 2, and 3 that generally represent the results of the Task 2, 3A, and 3B studies are summarized in Section 7.2. Another result of the GOES-N study, the determination of which NWS 1983 and NOAA 1989 requirements can be met with the three options, is contained in volume 1 section 7. Conclusions and recommendations are covered in volume 1 section 8. Imager, sounder, control system, space environment monitor, search and rescue, weather facsimile, data collection system, and products/process/communications recommendations were extracted from sections 9, 10, and 11. Section 8 also contains conclusions pertaining to programmatic operational satellite issues (prerequisite development strategies, the direct procurement of instruments by the government, protoflight mission, etc.). Sections 9, 10, and 11 address instrument, control system, image/navigation/registration, and other system design considerations and surveys. These sections are supported by the appendices in volume 2.

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NASA NTRS1992

NEP systems engineering efforts in FY-92: Plans and status

A system engineering effort has been initiated by NASA in FY-92 to define, address, and resolve issues associated with the use of Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) for megawatt (MW) space propulsion applications associated with the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). It is intended that key technical issues will be addressed by activities conducted in the early years of a project in NEP, with the objective of resolving such issues. Also, in response to more recent programmatic direction, a concept definition activity for 100 kilowatt NEP is being initiated. This paper will present key issues associated with megawatt NEP, and the plans and status for their resolution, and present the scope and rationale for the 100 kilowatt concept definition activity.

Doherty, Michael P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

SEI reference mission

Presentation on the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). The goal of the reference mission is to expand the human presence to the moon and Mars in order to enhance our understanding of the universe, to seek terrestrial benefits from this exploration, and to establish the beginnings of a sustainable spacefaring civilization. Topics covered here include a phased definition of initial programmatic milestones and follow-on capabilities, near-term mission strategy, a lunar mission timeline, and a Mars mission timeline.

Dwayne Weary↗
NASA NTRS1992

Cooperation in space

The topics from the Technical Interchange Meeting for the NASA Space Exploration Initiative are presented in viewgraph form. The objective is to share a perspective of a cost-effective cooperation management structure of NASA and industry as we move towards the 21st century and the national commitment to continue our exploration in space with humans. Some of the topics covered include a personal background, today's culture, new approaches, congressional oversight, programmatic impact, and recommendations.

Guastaferro, A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

The Earth Observing System Data and Information System

The system is described in terms of the broad context of scientific cooperation and research which are facilitated by the architecture designed and the nature of the generated data. The Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is composed of earth-science and applications data systems which archive global-change data and distribute the information to system users. Several archive centers catalogue selected Pathfinder data sets and generate new data products (such as maps of sea ice, cloud studies, etc.) with consistent calibration of all data. The schedule of three versions of EOSDIS is discussed with reference to the system architecture, programmatic plans, and data policy. The critical issue for EOSDIS is international cooperation to sponsor an infrastructure of global change data of this magnitude for public benefit and scientific research.

Maiden, Martha E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Lunar base as a precursor to Mars exploration and settlement

A well planned program of human exploration of the moon is suggested which would provide a base for increasing human capabilities and experience to levels required for Mars exploration. A strategy intended for immediate Mars exploration and settlement is considered to incur serious programmatic risks from current lack of knowledge on human performance on long-duration deep space missions and lack of experience in designing human space systems. The lunar program provides an opportunity to build up space capability in an evolutionary way and to broaden the participation of the educational system in the space exploration.

Mendell, Wendell W.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The post Challenger era Get Away Special program January 1992

The Get Away Special (GAS) program is described in terms of the changes that have taken place in both NASA and the GAS itself. Attention is given to the relationships developed between NASA and GAS customers in the context of programmatic and technical issues. The background of the GAS program is outlined with reference given to policy publications, the design of the Flight Verification Payload, and the first GAS payload launched. A review process is described that facilitates the management of the payloads through flight certification. The GAS Bridge was developed to carry up to 12 payloads simultaneously, and the recent period of GAS inactivity is explained. A price increase is introduced for future GAS payloads with negotiable access to optional services, and the ease and accessibility of the GAS programs for private experiments is emphasized.

Prouty, Clarke↗
NASA NTRS1989

Space Station Freedom Safety Program

The renewed emphasis within NASA on the incorporation of firmly established safety design requirements and evolving new safety analysis techniques, including quantitative safety risk assessment methods, is discussed with particular reference to the Space Station Freedom Safety Program. The program provides for integration of the partial safety analysis performed by numerous NASA Centers and International Partners into a Programmatic Safety Assessment for each of the launch increments and the complete Space Station Freedom on orbit. Communication in the safety program will utilize state-of-the-art software and computers, which will provide broad accessibility to safety information among the NASA and International Partners.

Griggs, John G., III↗
NASA NTRS1992

Manned transportation systems design considerations

Manned transportation mission and programmatic requirements and how they affect spacecraft size, mass and complexity are presented. Some of these requirements include fundamental issues such as the degree of separation of cargo and people, abort requirements and the issue of man rating. Attention is given to design considerations, crew size and mission requirements, payloads, crew physiologic considerations, and a vehicle health monitoring and emergency detection system.

Teixeira, Charles↗
NASA NTRS1992

Evolutionary lunar transportation family

The development of an evolutionary lunar transportation family (LTF) that can accommodate evolving human exploration goals is discussed. An evolutionary system is aimed at minimizing program costs while preserving programmatic versatility. Technical requirements that affect the design strategy for LTF include aerobraking technology and packaging constraints; mixed, unsymmetrical payload manifests; crew and payload exchange operations; crew and cargo off-loading on the lunar surface; and cryogenic lunar transfer and storage. It is concluded that the LTF is capable of meeting exploration goals, which include the provision for a significant early manned lunar surface science and exploration capability, the avoidance or reduction of some major operational and infrastructure requirements, and the incorporation of common vehicle designs and existing/near-term technology.

Capps, Stephen↗
NASA NTRS1992

Trend analysis for large solid rocket motors - A program level approach

This paper defines a program-level trend analysis effort that can be applied to large solid rocket motors. The effort is especially applicable to large segmented rocket motors such as the Space Transportation System's solid rocket boosters. Five types of trend analysis are discussed for different aspects of a rocket motor program, (performance, reliability, problem, supportability, and programmatic). Ideas are offered for implementing and performing a program-level trend analysis effort by giving suggestions for selecting computer capabilities, choosing parameters, selecting statistical processes, routine screening for trends, analyzing significant trends (for example, looking for related trends and determining if adverse trends are resolved), and reporting results of trend analysis. The use of program-level trending allows for the ability to easily transfer data between organizations and easily use the data to correlate trends from the various organizations to find causal relationships. Efficiency is enhanced from upper level management to the shop floor at vendor locations by using the same trend analysis software and methodology at all organizations.

Babbitt, Norman E., III↗
NASA NTRS1992

Application of the integrated modular engine (IME) to space vehicle concepts

The incorporation of integrated modular engines (IME) in space vehicles offers attractive benefits which include improved system reliability and fault tolerance, increased I(sp) and thrust/weight ratio, and improved operability and maintainability. This paper summarizes a study that was performed to define concepts for three cryogenic space vehicles incorporating the IME: a trans-lunar injection stage, a lunar lander, and an upper stage for a launch vehicle. The goals of the study were to quantify potential IME benefits, identify issues that must be addressed, and define the technical and programmatic actions required to develop the IME.

Cramer, John M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Fifth Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research (SOAR 1991), volume 1

More than 110 papers were presented at this Symposium, sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory, the University of Houston-Clear Lake, and NASA JSC. The technical areas covered were Intelligent Systems, Automation and Robotics, Human Factors and Life Sciences, and Environmental Interactions. The U.S. Air Force and NASA programmatic overviews and panel discussions were also held in each technical area. These proceedings, along with the comments and suggestions made by the panelists and keynote speakers, will be used in assessing the progress made in joint USAF/NASA projects and activities. Furthermore, future collaborative/joint programs will also be identified. The symposium proceedings includes papers covering various disciplines presented by experts from NASA, the Air Force, universities, and industry.

Krishen, Kumar↗
NASA NTRS1992

Commercial non-aerospace technology transfer program for the 2000s: Strategic analysis and implementation

This report presents a strategic analysis and implementation plan for NASA's Office of Commercial Programs (OCP), Technology Transfer Division's (TTD), Technology Transfer Program. The main objectives of this study are to: (1) characterize the NASA TTD's environment and past organizational structure; (2) clearly identify current and prospective programmatic efforts; (3) determine an evolutionary view of an organizational structure which could lead to the accomplishment of NASA's future technology transfer aims; and (4) formulate a strategy and plan to improve NASA's (and other federal agencies) ability to transfer technology to the non-aerospace sectors of the U.S. economy. The planning horizon for this study extends through the remainder of the 1990s to the year 2000.

Horsham, Gary A. P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Creating a foundation for a synergistic approach to program management

In order to accelerate the movement of humans into space within reasonable budgetary constraints, NASA must develop an organizational structure that will allow the agency to efficiently use all the resources it has available for the development of any program the nation decides to undertake. This work considers the entire set of tasks involved in the successful development of any program. Areas that hold the greatest promise of accelerating programmatic development and/or increasing the efficiency of the use of available resources by being dealt with in a centralized manner rather than being handled by each program individually are identified. Using this information, an agency organizational structure is developed that will allow NASA to promote interprogram synergisms. In order for NASA to efficiently manage its programs in a manner that will allow programs to benefit from one another and thereby accelerate the movement of humans into space, several steps must be taken. First, NASA must develop an organizational structure that will allow potential interprogram synergisms to be identified and promoted. Key features of the organizational structure are recommended in this paper. Second, NASA must begin to develop the requirements for a program in a manner that will promote overall space program goals rather than achieving only the goals that apply to the program for which the requirements are being developed. Finally, NASA must consider organizing the agency around the functions required to support NASA's goals and objectives rather than around geographic locations.

Knoll, Karyn T.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Space transfer vehicle concepts and requirements study, phase 2

This final report is a compilation of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 study findings and is intended as a Space Transfer Vehicle (STV) 'users guide' rather than an exhaustive explanation of STV design details. It provides a database for design choices in the general areas of basing, reusability, propulsion, and staging; with selection criteria based on cost, performance, available infrastructure, risk, and technology. The report is organized into the following three parts: (1) design guide; (2) STV Phase 1 Concepts and Requirements Study Summary; and (3) STV Phase 2 Concepts and Requirements Study Summary. The overall objectives of the STV study were to: (1) define preferred STV concepts capable of accommodating future exploration missions in a cost-effective manner; (2) determine the level of technology development required to perform these missions in the most cost effective manner; and (3) develop a decision database of programmatic approaches for the development of an STV concept.

Cannon, Jeffrey H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Space transfer vehicle concepts and requirements, volume 2, book 1

The objective of the systems engineering task was to develop and implement an approach that would generate the required study products as defined by program directives. This product list included a set of system and subsystem requirements, a complete set of optimized trade studies and analyses resulting in a recommended system configuration, and the definition of an integrated system/technology and advanced development growth path. A primary ingredient in the approach was the TQM philosophy stressing job quality from the inception. Included throughout the Systems Engineering, Programmatics, Concepts, Flight Design, and Technology sections are data supporting the original objectives as well as supplemental information resulting from program activities. The primary result of the analyses and studies was the recommendation of a single propulsion stage Lunar Transportation System (LTS) configuration that supports several different operations scenarios with minor element changes. This concept has the potential to support two additional scenarios with complex element changes. The space based LTS concept consists of three primary configurations--Piloted, Reusable Cargo, and Expendable Cargo.

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