Evaluation of South Cascade glacier test site results
Using remote sensors for detection, analysis, and mapping of snow and ice
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Using remote sensors for detection, analysis, and mapping of snow and ice
Anticipating sinkhole collapse by using remote sensors to identify and delineate relic features
Investigating feasibility of using remote sensors for studying estuaries from aircraft or spacecraft platforms
Using radar scatterometers as remote sensors for identification of sea ice in Arctic regions
Airborne tests of multispectral scanners to determine usefulness of remote sensors in surveying river, coastal, and deep-sea phenomena
Spaceborne oceanographic data acquisition and utilization, and remote sensor development
Statistical algorithms and computer programs for remote sensor multispectral data analysis
Earth Resources Technology Satellites E and F orbits and remote sensor instruments for coastal oceanographic data collection
Mathematical models for application of satellite borne multispectral remote sensors to water and wheat production management and wheat fungi control including cost estimates
Utilization of remote sensor data by Virginia state agencies including aerial photography, radar detection, and infrared detectors
Nimbus meteorological satellite program, discussing global cloud cover mapping and automatic picture taking, radioisotopic thermoelectric generator, sounder instrumentation and remote sensors
Statistical methods for inventory boundary determination and data compression in automatic processing of multispectral scanner remote sensor earth observations from aircraft and spacecraft
Lunar exploration system based on modified earth- orbit space station in polar lunar orbit as remote sensor platform and lander deployment base
A wide variety of the natural resources of earth and man's management of them will be studied by an initial group of foreign and domestic scientists tentatively chosen by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to analyze data to be gathered by two earth-orbiting spacecraft. The spacecraft are the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-A) and the manned Skylab which will carry an Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP). In the United States, the initial experiments will study the feasibility of remote sensing from a satellite in gathering information on ecological problems. The objective of both ERTS and EREP aboard Skylab is to obtain multispectral images of the surface of the earth with high resolution remote sensors and to process and distribute the images to scientific users in a wide variety of disciplines. The ERTS-A, EREP, and Skylab systems are described and their operation is discussed.
Laboratory reflectance data, and field tests with multispectral remote sensors provide support for this hypotheses that differences in moisture content and water deficits are closely related to foliar reflectance from woody plants. When these relationships are taken into account, automatic recognition techniques become more powerful than when they are ignored. Evidence is increasing that moisture relationships inside plant foliage are much more closely related to foliar reflectance characteristics than are external variables such as soil moisture, wind, and air temperature. Short term changes in water deficits seem to have little influence on foliar reflectance, however. This is in distinct contrast to significant short-term changes in foliar emittance from the same plants with changing wind, air temperature, incident radiation, or water deficit conditions.
Results are presented of investigations of soil moisture, snow cover, and lake temperatures carried out with the support of the Earth Resources Survey Program. Objectives of these studies were: (1) Obtain more data with a multifrequency microwave system so that the range of soil moisture amounts and types can be extended. (2) Establish instrument and data specifications for microwave sensing of soil moisture from satellites and aircraft. (3) Refine the procedures for mapping snow cover that have been developed using satellite and aircraft remote sensor data in the visible spectrum. (4) Evaluation of satellite and aircraft infrared observations for determining their information content with respect to snow cover, ice cover, and water temperature over large lakes.
The application of remote sensors for obtaining geophysical information of the Arctic regions is discussed. Two significant requirements are to acquire sequential, synoptic imagery of the Arctic Ocean during all weather and seasons and to measure the strains in the sea ice canopy and the heterogeneous character of the air and water stresses acting on the canopy. The acquisition of geophysical data by side looking radar and microwave sensors in military aircraft is described.
The feasibility of carrying microwave radiometers on Nimbus E and F missions for sea ice surveys was studied in the arctic using aircraft. It was found that passive microwave signatures of Arctic Sea ice relate specifically to the structure and type of ice. It is concluded that a new tool for conducting ice surveys from aircraft and satellites with remote sensors was discovered.