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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Luminescent Zn 2 GeO 4 :Mn 2+ Nanoparticles with High Quantum Yield for Salivary Protein Detection

Zinc germanate doped with Mn 2+ (Zn 2 GeO 4 :Mn 2+ ) is known to be a green luminescence phosphor with many applications in biosensing and bioimaging. This study presents a simple method for creating small size Zn 2 GeO 4 :Mn 2+ nanoparticles using a combination of the coprecipitation–molten salt synthesis method. These nanoparticles exhibit bright green luminescence under UV excitation. After surface functionalization, these nanoparticles were then used to develop a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based immunoassay. This immunoassay shows a detection range of 5–20 ng/mL of C-reactive protein (CRP), which suggests its potential for simple solution CRP detection and broader applications in protein biosensing.

biosensing↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results for the March Bimonthly Calendar Year 2022 Tank 50 Salt Solution Sample

In this Technical Report, the chemical and radionuclide contaminant results from the 2022 March bimonthly sample of Tank 50 salt solution are presented in tabulated form. The information from this characterization will be used by Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC) for the transfer of aqueous waste from Tank 50 to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF), where the waste will be treated and disposed in the Saltstone Disposal Facility. This Technical Report compares results, where applicable, to SPF Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) LIMITS and TARGETS that were established at the time the Tank 50 sample was obtained. The chemical and radionuclide contaminant results from the characterization of the 2022 March bimonthly sampling of Tank 50 were requested by SRMC personnel via a Task Technical Request (TTR) and details of the testing are presented in the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan (TTQAP). This Technical Report is the TTR deliverable relating Salt Solution Analysis from the SRMC request.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Experimental Test Bed to Enable Realistic Evaluations for Direct Transfer Trip Relaying via Private Wireless LTE Communications: Preprint

Increasing penetration levels of inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution systems are creating challenges in system operation. Currently, wired or proprietary wireless communications are used by advanced distribution management systems (ADMS) to detect the state of the system and control the DERs for optimal operation. Wireless communications are an alternative solution that can enable connectivity between the dispersed assets used in distribution system applications. This paper demonstrates an experimental test bed to enable the realistic evaluation of communications system characteristics for direct transfer trip (DTT) relaying of a photovoltaic inverter system using a private 900-MHz spectrum wireless LTE network. Private LTE network communications can be deployed to many remote DERs and other grid-edge devices to prevent costly infrastructure upgrades across distribution systems. In addition, this paper provides a framework for evaluating the impact of signal strength and network traffic in communications systems. The results shown develop a better understanding of the best practices for using LTE communications systems across multiple utility applications, such as protective relaying, voltage regulation, and supervisory control and data acquisition system messages.

900 MHz LTE network↗
DOE OSTI2022

Photocatalyzed electron exchange between organic chromophores and hematite nanoparticles and the role of solid-state charge transport

Understanding photocatalyzed redox interactions between Fe(III)–(oxyhydr)oxide mineral nanoparticles and adsorbed chromophoric organic matter is critical for accurately predicting bioavailable iron fluxes in the euphotic zone of natural aquatic systems, and for improving the effectiveness of nano-iron-based water purification systems. However, the electron transfer processes that underpin photoreductive dissolution at particle/organic/solution interfaces occur on ultrafast timescales and thus remain difficult to probe. In this work, we report an ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) study of suspensions of hematite nanoplatelets (HNPs) sensitized by adsorbed rhodamine B (RhB) dye as a function of solution media and pH. The TAS results indicate a substantially longer fluorescence lifetime of RhB adsorbed on HNPs across a wide range of pH conditions, consistent with transient photoinduced electron transfer to the oxide with recombination kinetics controlled by electron migration back to the interface via small polaron hopping. Normalization of the observed kinetics to the measured surface loading of RhB at different pH values shows that the recombination rates are insensitive to environmental variables, likely controlled instead by particle properties that determine small polaron diffusion behavior.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

NH 4 OH Looping with Membrane CO 2 Absorber and Distributed Stripper for Enhanced Algae Growth

The University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy (UK CAER) has devised a unique, integrated CO2 capture and utilization technology. CO2 from coal-fired power generation flue gas is first captured at half the operating cost of a typical aqueous CO2 capture system (CCS), distributed in an aqueous stream and then fixed by algae in bioreactors where the algae production is increased by 50% over that with a typical intermittent nutrient feeding system. Lower CCS operating cost is achieved by eliminating the flue gas pretreatment step for cooling and SO2 removal, eliminating steam extraction from the power generation steam cycle for solvent regeneration, and eliminating CO2 compression. Higher algae production is achieved by continuous, just-in-time nutrient feed to the bioreactors directly from a distributed solvent regenerator, which maintains the bioreactor pH for optimum growth. The process starts with a uniquely configured membrane absorber, where the flue gas is indirectly contacted with an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solvent. Dissolved NH3 is attractive for both CO2 capture and as an algae nutrient. For CO2 capture it is inexpensive, has a low regeneration energy, is thermally- and oxidatively-stable and has a viscosity near that of water, which makes is easy to transport. Numerous studies have shown that the scrubbing capacity of NH3 is approximately 0.9-1.2 kg of CO2/kg of NH3, with a CO2 removal efficiency of ~99% and half the solvent regeneration energy than that of 30 wt% MEA[1, 2, 3]. NH3 is attractive as an algae nutrient due to its low cost. The rich NH4OH solvent is pumped to a set of distributed regenerators which are co-located with the algae bioreactors. Solvent pumping, transport and distribution reduces the balance of plant (BOP) cost compared to a typical aqueous CCS related to the flue gas duct and boost fan required to transport the flue gas. The energy required for the distributed solvent regeneration is supplied by solar-thermal panels eliminating the need for steam extraction from the power generation steam cycle. After solvent regeneration, the product stream contains both the CO2 captured from the flue gas and volatized NH3 from the solvent. This product stream is fed directly to the bioreactors, eliminating the need for compression of the CO2 stream. The relative amounts of CO2 and NH3 in the product stream are adjusted and controlled by a controlling the regeneration conditions (pressure and temperature). The continuous feed of the right ratio of nutrients overcomes the typical inhibition of algae growth resulting from frequent pH swings in the bioreactor due to unbalanced (intermittent) feeding systems for CO2 and N. Also, because the regenerators will operate at pressure and be located in close proximity to the bioreactors, there is no worry about pressure drop when sparging the gas into the algae. Sparging produces small bubbles which is beneficial for mass transfer efficiency. One known challenge when using an NH4OH solvent is high NH3 emission. Hydrophobic membranes are used for CO2 capture using an aqueous NH3 solution[4, 5] without the direct contact between flue gas and aqueous solution. Additionally, UK CAER CO2 capture and utilization process manages NH3 slip in three extra measures. First, NH3 slip is minimized by working with minimal species partial pressure, which is proportional to the concentration in the liquid. Hence, lowering the capture solvent concentration will lower the NH3 partial pressure. Second, UK CAER’s previous work has demonstrated that the addition of Zn2+ into NH3 solutions to chelate the NH3 can reduce NH3 volatility. Third, the configuration of the membrane CO2 absorber utilizes condensed water from the flue gas to continually wash the gas-side of the membrane to reduce fouling and recapture NH3 slip. Additional details about the UK CAER unique, integrated CO2 capture and utilization technology will be presented along with technology development plans. Diao, N., Q. Li, and Z. Fang. 2004. Heat transfer in ground heat exchangers with groundwater advection. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 43: 1203-1211, He, Q., M. Chen, L. Meng, K. Liu, and W. Pan. 2004. Study on Carbon Dioxide Removal from Flue Gas by Absorption of Aqueous Ammonia. Western Kentucky University. Yeh, A.C., and H. Bai. 1999. Comparison of ammonia and monoethanolamine solvents to reduce CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The Science of the Total Environment. 228: 121-133, Villeneuve, K., D. Roizard, J.C. Remigy, M. Iacono, and S. Rode. 2018. CO2 capture by aqueous ammonia with hollow fiber membrane contactors: Gas phase reactions and performance stability. Separation and Purification Technology, 199: 189-197, Toro Molina, C., and C. Bouallou. 2016. Carbon dioxide absorption by ammonia intensified with membrane contactors. Clean Techn Environ Policy 18, 2133–2146 (2016)

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Leveraging the redox activities of cerium and dibenzotetrathiafulvalene to discover a photo-responsive magnetic material

Stimuli-responsive changes in lanthanide-based materials are a promising research direction. In this study, [DBTTF] 4 [Ce 2 Cl 10 ] DBTTF = dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (1) was synthesized by a light-induced crystallization, where photo-oxidation of DBTTF enables formation of the cerium dimer [Ce 2 Cl 10 ] 4− . Intermolecular interactions between the stacked organic units of the crystal result in charge transfer bands in the visible-NIR (near-infrared) region, evident in the solid-state absorption spectrum upon comparison with the solution spectrum. The assignments of the sublattice oxidation states were made with single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) structural characterization, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetometry. Continuous 532 nm laser irradiation of the microcrystalline solid modulates the redox states in 1, leading to ∼40% reduction in the observed magnetization at 2 K. Density functional theory PBE+U/HSE06 band structure calculations predict Mott insulating behavior in 1, with a bandgap of 0.54/0.81 eV, and further support the conjecture that the observed photo-induced change in magnetization results from electron transfer from the [Ce 2 Cl 10 ] 4− anions to the π-stacked [DBTTF] 2 2+ organic dimer subunits. An enhancement in conductivity is similarly observed upon 532 nm irradiation, determined by single-crystal transport measurements. The findings reveal that photo-responsive lanthanide-based materials can be achieved by integration of redox-active organic moieties with redox-active lanthanide cations for the realization of switchable, photo-magnetic materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Comparing Experimentally-Measured Sand’s Times with Concentrated Solution Theory Predictions in a Polymer Electrolyte

We compare the electrochemically measured Sand’s time, the time required for the cell potential to diverge when the applied current density exceeds the limiting current, with theoretical predictions for a 0.47 M poly(ethylene oxide) (5 kg mol −1 )/LiTFSI electrolyte. The theoretical predictions are made using concentrated solution theory which accounts for both concentration polarization and polymer motion, using independently measured parameters that depend on concentration, c : conductivity ( κ ), salt diffusion coefficient ( D ), cationic transference number with respect to the solvent velocity ( t + 0 ), thermodynamic factor 1 + dln f ± dln c , and partial molar volume of the salt ( V ̅ ); f ± is the mean molar activity coefficient of the salt. We find quantitative agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions. We derive a generalized analytical expression for Sand’s time for electrolytes based on dilute solution theory. This expression correctly predicts the divergence of the Sand’s time at the limiting current, in agreement with experimental data and concentrated solution theory predictions. When the applied current is large compared to the limiting current, the analytical expression approaches the standard expression for Sand’s time used in the literature.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Toward predictive permeabilities: Experimental measurements and multiscale simulation of methanol transport in Nafion

A polymer membrane's permeability to solutes determines its suitability for various applications: a permeability value is essential for predicting performance in diverse contexts. Using aqueous methanol permeation through Nafion as an example, we describe a methodology for determining membrane permeability that accounts for boundary layer effects and the possibility of swelling. For the materials and apparatus used herein, analysis of a permeance measurement and computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the mass transfer boundary layer is on the order of ones to tens of microns. Additionally, the data are used to develop and validate a multiscale model describing solute permeation through a hydrated membrane as a series of physical mechanistic steps: reversible adsorption from solution at the membrane interface, diffusion driven by a concentration gradient within the membrane, and reversible desorption into solution at the opposite membrane interface. The validated model is used to predict methanol transport across a solar-driven CO 2 reduction device and to assess the impact of polymer changes on the measured value. The approach of combining experimental data, computational fluid dynamics, and the mechanistic multiscale model is expected to provide more accurate analysis of membrane permeation data in cases with polymer swelling or unusual device geometries, among others.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Results for the April 2024 Semiannual Salt Waste Processing Facility Decontaminated Salt Solution Sample

In this Technical Report, the chemical and radionuclide contaminant results from the April 2024 Semiannual sample of the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) Decontaminated Salt Solution (DSS) salt solution are presented in tabulated form. The information from this characterization will be used by Savannah River Mission Completion (SRMC) for the transfer of aqueous waste from SWPF to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF) where the waste will be treated and disposed in the Saltstone Disposal Facility. This Technical Report compares results, where applicable, to SPF Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) LIMITS and TARGETS that were established at the time the SWPF DSS sample was obtained.1 The April 2024 Semiannual sample of the SWPF DSS is a composite from the six months of SWPF processing during the First Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 (1QFY2024) and the Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2024 (2QFY2024). The following facts pertaining to the WAC are drawn from the analytical results provided in this report. WAC TARGETS and LIMITS were met for all analyzed chemical and radioactive contaminants for which the detection limits are below the WAC TARGETS and LIMITS. Nitrosamines were not detected in the SWPF DSS salt solution sample above the instrument detection limits of <1 mg/L. The minimum detection limit (<3.33E-01 pCi/mL) is reported for 94 Nb as determined from the minimum detectable activity associated with the radiochemical method used for this radionuclide. The reported detection limit is above the requested SRMC target minimum detection limit concentration. However, the minimum detection limit reported for the April 2024 semiannual SWPF DSS sample for 94 Nb is lower than the estimated detection limit of 4.38E-01 pCi/mL initially established by SRNL in 2009. Thus, per guidance from SRMC, 2 SRNL continues to achieve as low as practical detection limits for this radionuclide.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Determination of affinities of lanthanide-binding proteins using chelator-buffered titrations

The recent discoveries of the first proteins that bind lanthanides as part of their biological function not only are relevant to the emerging field of lanthanide-dependent biology, but also hold promise to revolutionize the technologically critical rare earths industry. Although protocols to assess the thermodynamics of metal–protein interactions are well established for “traditional” metal ions in biology, the characterization of lanthanide-binding proteins presents a challenge to biochemists due to the lanthanides' Lewis acidity, propensity for hydrolysis, and high-affinity complexes with biological ligands. These properties necessitate the preparation of metal stock solutions with very low buffered “free” metal concentrations (e.g., femtomolar to nanomolar) for such determinations. Here in this paper we describe several protocols to overcome these challenges. First, we present standardization methods for the preparation of chelator-buffered solutions of lanthanide ions with easily calculated free metal concentrations. We also describe how these solutions can be used in concert with analytical methods including UV–visible spectrophotometry, circular dichroism spectroscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and sensitized terbium luminescence, in order to accurately determine dissociation constants (K d s) of lanthanide–protein complexes. Finally, we highlight how application of these methods to lanthanide-binding proteins, such as lanmodulin, has yielded insights into selective recognition of lanthanides in biology. We anticipate that these protocols will facilitate discovery and characterization of additional native lanthanide-binding proteins, will motivate the understanding of their biological context, and will prompt their applications in biotechnology.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

A time-parallel method for scalable heat transfer simulations of additive manufacturing

Here, a major challenge in simulating the thermal behavior in additive manufacturing processes is the disparate length and time scales between transport phenomena occurring in the melt pool and the component. A common simulation approach relies on spatial decomposition for parallel computing, but due to the nature of heat transfer in AM, where most of the computational expenditure is localized near the melt pool, the computational speedup from spatial parallelization saturates quickly. Therefore, additional parallelism by means of time-domain decomposition is needed to fully take advantage of high-performance computing (HPC) resources. This work introduces a time-parallel method to improve the computational scalability of additive manufacturing simulations on HPC systems, while maintaining high temporal resolution of heat transfer near the melt pool. The method, inspired by the nonlinear paraexp formalism, performs an iterative superposition of nonlinear solutions to the initial value problem, integrating the heat equation across overlapping time-parallel intervals. For a single layer of the NIST AMB2018–01 L7 benchmark problem, the method achieves a 38.51x speedup in wall-clock time with a maximum error in the global temperature solution of 0.99%. This reduces the total solution time from 196.72 min to 5.11 min on 128 nodes of the ORNL Frontier supercomputer. The tradeoff between accuracy and total wall-clock time is investigated and recommendations for time-parallel deployment for AM problems are made.

Additive manufacturing↗
DOE OSTI2020

Ion-specific clustering of metal-amphiphile complexes in rare earth separations

The nanoscale structure of a complex fluid can play a major role in the selective adsorption of ions at the nanometric interfaces, which is crucial in industrial and technological applications. Here we study the effect of anions and lanthanide ions on the nanoscale structure of a complex fluid formed by metal-amphiphile complexes, using small angle X-ray scattering. The nano- and mesoscale structures we observed can be directly connected to the preferential transfer of light (La and Nd) or heavy (Er and Lu) lanthanides into the complex fluid from an aqueous solution. While toluene-based complex fluids containing trioctylmethylammonium-nitrate (TOMA-nitrate) always show the same mesoscale hierarchical structure regardless of lanthanide loading and prefer light lanthanides, those containing TOMA-thiocyanate show an evolution of the mesoscale structure as a function of the lanthanide loading and prefer heavy lanthanides. The hierarchical structure indicates the presence of attractive interactions between ion-amphiphile aggregates, causing them to form clusters. A clustering model that accounts for the hard sphere repulsions and short-range attractions between the aggregates has been adapted to model the X-ray scattering results. The new model successfully describes the nanoscale structure and helps in understanding the mechanisms responsible for amphiphile assisted ion transport between immiscible liquids. Accordingly, our results imply different mechanisms of lanthanide transport depending on the anion present in the complex fluid and correspond with anion-dependent trends in rare earth separations.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Localized high concentration electrolytes decomposition under electron-rich environments

Localized high concentration electrolytes have been proposed as an effective route to construct stable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers near Li-metal anodes. However, there is still a limited understanding of decomposition mechanisms of electrolyte components during SEI formation. In this work, we investigate reactivities of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI, salt), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME, solvent) and tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)orthoformate (TFEO, diluent) species in DME+TFEO mixed solvents and 1M LiFSI/DME/TFEO solutions. By supplying excess of electrons into the simulation cell, LiFSI is initially reduced via a 4-electron charge transferring reaction yielding F - and N(SO 2 ) 2 3- . The local solvation environment has little effect on the subsequent TFEO reaction, which typically requires 6 |e| to decompose into F - , HCOO - , CH2CF and - OCH 2 CF 3 . Besides, TFEO dehydrogenation reaction mechanism under the attack of anions is also identified. Unlike salt and diluent, DME shows good stability with any excess of electrons. Here, the energetics of most relevant reactions are characterized. Most reactions are thermodynamically favorable with low activation barriers.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Methods for Rotating Electrodes in High-Temperature Molten Salts

Abstract In this paper, we describe and validate a custom apparatus for performing high-speed (250-3,500 rpm) rotating electrode and dilatometer density experiments in molten salts. The reported details can aid in decreasing the difficulty and increasing the quality of such experiments. We discuss the design challenges and the solutions identified. We investigate methods for accurately measuring the solution resistance using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, calculating the working electrode area using cyclic voltammetry, and measuring the mass transfer-limited current of rotating electrodes using a series of chronoamperometry pulses. We further demonstrate the efficacy of our methods in producing accurate results.

Fuller, Ranon (ORCID:0000000255400197)↗
DOE OSTI2022

FY22 Status Report on the ART-GCR CMVB and CNWG International Collaborations

This work presents the numerical model for the high temperature test reactor (HTTR) loss of forced cooling (LOFC) experiment with the INL codes Griffin, BISON, and RELAP-7, based on the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework. Promising results were obtained, with the overall behavior of the reactor successfully captured. Changes in the heat transfer coupling, as compared to the fiscal year (FY)-21 model, enabled drastic improvement of the steady-state solution, both in terms of computational time and global energy discrepancies. The former was reduced by a factor of roughly 60, whereas the latter decreased from 11% to less than 2%. Furthermore, the discrepancy in the steady-state multiplication factor was improved from +2,300 and +2,900 pcm (for the 30 and 9 MW cases) to -700 and +1,200 pcm, respectively, and now falls well within the large measurement uncertainties stemming from graphite impurities. Validation of the Monte Carlo model used to generate cross sections was also performed against available measurements. Though significant, the discrepancies remain acceptable overall in light of the large uncertainty. Numerous improvements are still needed to better compare with the experiment involving the 9 MW case and to instill greater confidence in the model’s ability to accurately predict the 30 MW behavior. Specifically, the power levels predicted by the 9 MW transient simulation following re-criticality remain low, pointing to an underestimation of the passive cooling of the core. A key aspect of future work will be to better understand the flow pattern during the LOFC event, particularly to determine if natural or forced convection is occurring inside the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). More generally, additional validation data would be immensely useful for further enhancing the numerical model and better matching the experiments. In addition, a more sophisticated thermal-hydraulics model that simulates all the channels as a single system model should be considered to take into account the rest of the primary loop. Finally, even if the results are in better agreement with the experiments, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification will be necessary to evaluate the model uncertainty.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Parallel Algebraic Multigrid for Fusion and Higher-Order PDEs

Multigrid methods play a key role in large-scale scientific simulation because they are among the fastest and most scalable approaches for solving the underlying sparse linear systems of equations that arise from a wide array of Partial Differential Equation (PDE) discretizations. Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is a special type of multigrid method that depends only on the description of the linear system, giving it better portability and broader applicability than geometric multigrid, as it requires no explicit knowledge of the problem geometry. Even though these methods are widely used today, there are still applications where further development is needed. In this report, we focus on PDEs with higher-order terms (e.g., fourth order), concentrating on a PDE that arises in tokamak edge plasma simulations (a tokamak is a machine that confines a plasma using magnetic fields and is believed to be the leading plasma confinement concept for future fusion power plants). General multigrid relaxes a linear system on coarser grids and reverses this process with interpolation, but standard AMG methods struggle with the aforementioned higher-order PDEs. We investigate cyclic coarsening and interpolation heuristics, as well as new iterative approximation methods of refining the solution at each grid to improve the existing multigrid approach. To this end, we ensure that these techniques are transferable to a parallelized setting with LLNL’s supercomputers.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Metal Scrap Upcycling with Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE)

The overarching objective of this project is to convert metal scraps, such as aluminum, titanium, and other alloys provided by the industry, into extruded tubing, wires, and rods. Upcycling of scrap will be accomplished using Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE). This approach is a new solution for recycling. The specific aims of this project are as follows: 1. Receive metal scrap under a Material Transfer Agreement (MTA), in the form of billets, from select industry partners that meet the following requirements: outer diameter of 1.245 inches (+/-0.003 inches), inner diameter drilled with a 0.404-inch drill bit, and a length of 4.0 inches (+/-0.01 inches). The billet must be cast or compacted to greater than 98% density. If the industry partner does not have the capabilities to prepare the billets, PNNL can make introductions to third-party entities as needed. Industry partners will also provide a composition analysis as weight percent. 2. Extrude metal scrap via the ShAPE process at PNNL. 3. Evaluate and benchmark the extrudate material properties per the ASTM B557-15 – Testing Tubulars Standard or similar wire and rod standards. 4. Characterize the extrudate microstructure for any of the following: grain size, second phase composition, and texture. Additional testing may include corrosion per the ASTM B117 standard and electro-potential. 5. Deliver specimens to industry partners under an MTA for additional third-party evaluations. Industry partners will, in return, provide a non-proprietary report on any testing, including testing per the ASTM B557-15, ASTM B117, and other industry standards. 6. PNNL will develop data and insights to support intellectual property capture, a published non-proprietary technical report, research collaborations, and commercialization opportunities.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Slow control and data acquisition development in the Mu2e experiment

The muon campus program at Fermilab includes the Mu2e experiment that will search for a charged-lepton flavor violating processes where a negative muon converts into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus, improving by four orders of magnitude the search sensitivity reached so far.Mu2e’s Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TDAQ) uses {\it otsdaq} solution. Developed at Fermilab, {\it otsdaq} uses the {\it artdaq} DAQ framework and {\it art} analysis framework, for event transfer, filtering, and processing.{\it otsdaq} is an online DAQ software suite with a focus on flexibility and scalability, and provides a multi-user interface accessible through a web browser.A Detector Control System (DCS) for monitoring, controlling, alarming, and archiving has been developed using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) open source Platform. The DCS System has also been integrated into {\it otsdaq}, providing a GUI multi-user, web-based control, and monitoring dashboard.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗