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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
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NASA NTRS1986

Evolution of the chromospheric and coronal activity of intermediate mass stars

Recent ultraviolet and X-ray observations pertaining to the outer atmospheric structure of intermediate mass (4-6 solar masses) stars and the evolution of their structure are presented. A distance-limited (d equal to or less than 200 pc) IUE ultraviolet survey of early K bright giants shows that C IV emission commonly is present. These stars are almost evenly split between stars showing hybrid-chromospheric and coronal outer atmospheric structures. Exosat observations have been obtained for three hybrid stars, of which only Alpha TrA, the nearest, is detected. The temperature of the emitting plasma is likely to be about 10 to the 6th K. Observtions of six K II stars made with the Einstein satellite show no detections. The general conclusion from the available X-ray data is that early K bright giants are not strong X-ray sources.

Brown, Alexander↗
NASA NTRS1988

Chromospherically active stars. IV - HD 178450 = V478 Lyr: An early-type BY Draconis type binary

It is shown that the variable star HD 178450 = V478 Lyr is a chromospherically active G8 V single-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 2.130514 days. This star is characterized by strong UV emission features and a filled-in H-alpha absorption line which is variable in strength. Classified as an early-type BY Draconis system, it is similar to the BY Dra star HD 175742 = V775 Her. The unseen secondary of HD 178450 has a mass of about 0.3 solar masses and is believed to be an M2-M3 dwarf.

Fekel, Francis C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Rotational modulation and flares on RS CVn and BY Dra stars. IV - The spatially resolved chromosphere of AR Lacertae

The authors observed the RS Canum Venaticorum system AR Lacertae systematically over an orbital period with the International Ultraviolet Explorer in October 1983. Contemporaneous radio observations were obtained at the VLA. The spectra of the Mg II k emission line were analyzed using a Doppler imaging technique. In this way, three discrete regions of emission were identified in the outer atmosphere of the K star-two 'plages' and a chromospheric brightening that was related to a radio flare. The widths of the plage profiles indicate that the two plages together cover about 2 percent of the visible stellar hemisphere, and their v sin i values indicate that they lie close to the equator of the K star. The Mg II k surface flux in the plages is about five times the mean Mg II k surface flux of the K star.

Walter, F. M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Closed magnetic structures in the chromosphere and in the transition region

Using simultaneous observations of the same solar regions in the lines H-alpha and C IV 1548 A, schematic models of closed magnetic lines have been derived from dynamical constraints. It is concluded that the magnetic loops are closed at higher levels above facular than above nonfacular regions. This result remains valid whatever are the assumed density models and even if the 3-min oscillations are taken into account. The center-to-limb behavior is well predicted by taking into account the relative opacity in the chromosphere and transition region.

Malherbe, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

A catalog of chromospherically active binary stars

A catalog of 168 chromospherically active binary stars is presented, including the class of RS CVn, BY Dra binaries, and other binaries which show strong Ca II H and K emission in their spectra. The catalog contains information on the photometric, spectroscopic, orbital, and physical properties of the systems as well as the space motions and positions. Summarized in a candidate list are in additional 37 stars having similar characteristics but which are not definitely known binaries or have not had H and K emission observed. The catalog contains stars in both the northern and the southern sky.

Strassmeier, K. G.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Chromospheric activity in open clusters

Spectra of Ca II H and K are being taken for stars of similar mass in the Hyades, the Pleiades, and NGC 752. These spectra will be used to create indices of chromospheric activity on these stars. The dispersion in these indices will then be compared to model dispersions which take into account stellar inclination, position of active regions, and filling factor. Only a few observations have been made to date. These show that a high signal to noise is achievable over reasonable exposure times. Modeling has only just begun.

Pilger, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Asymmetry in zeta Auriage chromospheres

Asymmetry in the ultraviolet spectra of zeta-Aur, similar to that reported in optical observations, was studied using IUE data. A plot of the integrated flux of zeta Aurigae from 1625 to 1675 A as a function of absolute phase shows no significant difference between the ingress and egress phases. A plot of the integrated flux from 1625 to 1675 A for 22 Vul as a function of absolute phase for both ingress and egress confirms that the atmospheric eclipse is asymmetric in 22 Vul. The eclipse in 22 Vul begins symmetrically but departs from symmetry at a phase greater than 0.05. The pronounced dip at ingress suggests a feature in the chromosphere.

Ahmad, I. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Mg II flux and profile variability of hybrid-chromosphere stars

Results from an IUE investigation of the variability seen in the Mg II emission line fluxes and wind absorption components of hybrid-chromosphere stars are presented. Real Mg II flux variability is shown with most of the variation being long-term. This variability appears to be due to global changes in the Mg II surface activity. Major changes in the wind absorption component are not seen.

Veale, Anthony↗
NASA NTRS1989

Chromospherically active stars. VI - HD 136901 = UV CrB: A massive ellipsoidal K giant single-lined spectroscopic binary

The variable star HD 136901 = UV CrB is a chromospherically active K2 III single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 18.665 days. It has modest-strength Ca H and K emission and UV features, while H-alpha is a strong absorption feature containing little or no emission. The inclination of the system is 53 + or - 12 deg. The v sin i of the primary is 42 + or - 2 km/s, resulting in a minimum radius of 15.5 + or - 0.8 solar. When compared with the Roche lobe radius, this results in a mass ratio of 2.90 or larger. Additional constraints indicate that the secondary has a mass between 0.85 and 1.25 solar. Thus, the mass of the primary is at least 2.5 solar and probably is in the range 2.5-4 solar.

Fekel, Francis C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The photometric variability of the chromospherically active binary star HD 80715

Differential UBVRI photometry of the double-lined BY Dra system HD 80715 (K3 V + K3 V) obtained in December 1987 is presented. The star is found to be a variable with a full amplitude of 0.06 mag in V and a period similar or equal to the orbital period of 3.804 days. The mechanism of the variability is interpreted as rotational modulation due to dark starspots. In an attempt to detect chromospheric activity, high-resolution CCD spectra were obtained at Ca II H and K and at Fe I 6430 A and Ca I 6439 A, the photospheric lines normally used for Doppler imaging. HD 80715 shows double H and K emission features at a constant flux level for each component.

Strassmeier, Klaus G.↗
NASA NTRS1989

IRAS observations of chromospherically active dwarf stars

Far-infrared observations of chromospherically active, spotted, and plage stars in the dF7-dk7 spectral range are examined. Most (75 percent) of the stars have detectable 12-micron fluxes, and 50 percent of them have 25-micron emission. The 12-micron luminosity, L(12), is found to be in the range of 1.5-13 x 10 to the 30th ergs/s and to comprise only 0.2-0.5 percent of the star's total luminosity, L(bol). The present work extends to earlier spectral types and higher stellar luminosities the L(12) vs L(bol) relationship noted previously for late-type active dwarfs (K5-M5).

Tsikoudi, Vassiliki↗
NASA NTRS1989

The chromosphere of Beta Cassiopeiae

High-resolution, long-wavelength IUE observations and ground-based photometry of the Delta Scuti star Beta Cas is reported. The ground-based observations were used together with previous results of Antonello et al. (1986) to ensure that the IUE observations were correctly phased relative to the photometric variation. Fluxes for the emission core of the Mg II k 2796-A line were obtained from the UV spectra over several cycles in 1986 and 1987. It is found that there is an increase in the emission during part of the cycle, but it occurs near minimum light in contrast to another Delta Scuti star, Rho Pup, and the classical Cepheids (where it occurs near maximum light). The mean level of chromospheric activity is comparable to other early F dwarfs.

Teays, Terry J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A study of excess H-alpha emission in chromospherically active M dwarf

Spectroscopic observations from three observatories are combined to study the properties of the excess H-alpha emission which characterizes the most chromospherically active subset of the M dwarf stars, known as the dMe stars. It is demonstrated that the excess H-alpha luminosity from these stars is a monotonically decreasing function of their (R-I) color, and evidence is presented which suggests that the product of the mean surface brightness and the mean filling factor of the emissive regions is essentially constant with color. Another significant result of the study is a linear correlation between the excess luminosity in H-alpha and the coronal X-ray luminosity.

Young, Arthur↗
NASA NTRS1989

Chromospheric-coronal coupling during solar flares: Current systems and particle acceleration

Two-dimensional (three velocity) electrostatic particle simulations are used to investigate the particle heating and acceleration associated with the impulsive phase of a solar flare. A crossfield current in the high corona (which is presumably driven by reconnection processes) is used to initiate the flare. Due to the differential motion of the electrons and ions, currents, and associated quasi-static electric fields are generated with the primary current and balancing return current being on adjacent field lines. These currents extend from the corona down into the chromosphere. Electrons can be accelerated to energies exceeding 100 keV on short time scales via the quasi-static fields and wave-particle interactions. The spectra of these electrons has a broken power-law distribution which hardens in time. The spatially separate primary and return currents are closed by the cross-field acceleration of the ambient ions into the primary current regions. These ions are then accelerated upwards into the corona by the same quasi-static electric field accelerating the electrons downwards. This acceleration can account for the broadened stationary and weak blue shifted component seen in soft x ray line emissions and enhancements in heavy ion abundances seen in the solar wind in associations with solar flares.

Winglee, Robert M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The evolution of chromospheric activity of cool giant and subgiant stars

IUE spectra for a large sample of cool subgiant stars are examined, and evidence is found that subgiants in the mass range 1.2-1.6 solar masses undergo a sudden decline in UV transition region emission near B - V = 0.6, which corresponds to spectral type G0 IV. The decline in UV emission coincides with a sharp decrease in stellar rotation rates, and it is suggested that this decay in activity and rotation marks a transformation from acoustic heating in the early F stars to magnetic dynamo-driven activity in the cooler stars, resulting in a strong rotational braking action by stellar wind. For more massive giant stars, there is a similar transformation in the nature of chromospheric activity near B - V = 0.7, or spectral type G0 III, from acoustic heating in the F-type giants to a solarlike dynamo mechanism in the cooler giants. No sign of an abrupt drop in activity near spectral type G5 III at the location of Gray's proposed rotational boundary line is seen.

Simon, Theodore↗
NASA NTRS1989

Dynamics of flare-driven chromospheric condensations

A general model of chromospheric condensation dynamics is developed under the assumption of sudden impulsive-phase flare energy release. The basic equation of motion for the downward-moving condensation is derived from the momentum equation and from general features seen in numerical simulations. This equation is solved for a number of different cases. The 'lifetime' of condensation and the time for the velocity to drop to half its peak value are computed. The peak downflow speed is examined as a function of the flare energy flux, and comparisons are made between downflow speeds predicted by both thick-target 'explosive evaporation' and evaporation driven conductively.

Fisher, George H.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Dynamic Power Spectral Analysis of Solar Measurements from Photospheric, Chromospheric, and Coronal Sources

An important aspect in the power spectral analysis of solar variability is the quasistationary and quasiperiodic nature of solar periodicities. In other words, the frequency, phase, and amplitude of solar periodicities vary on time scales ranging from active region lifetimes to solar cycle time scales. Here, researchers employ a dynamic, or running, power spectral density analysis to determine many periodicities and their time-varying nature in the projected area of active sunspot groups (S sub act). The Solar Maximum Mission/Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (SMM/ACRIM) total solar irradiance (S), the Nimbus-7 MgII center-to-wing ratio (R (MgII sub c/w)), the Ottawa 10.7 cm flux (F sub 10.7), and the GOES background x ray flux (X sub b) for the maximum, descending, and minimum portions of solar cycle 21 (i.e., 1980 to 1986) are used. The technique dramatically illustrates several previously unrecognized periodicities. For example, a relatively stable period at about 51 days has been found in those indices which are related to emerging magnetic fields. The majority of solar periodicities, particularly around 27, 150 and 300 days, are quasiperiodic because they vary in amplitude and frequency throughout the solar cycle. Finally, it is shown that there are clear differences between the power spectral densities of solar measurements from photospheric, chromospheric, and coronal sources.

Bouwer, S. D.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Rotational modulation in IUE spectra of cool dwarf chromospheres. I - Data analysis and period search techniques

Time-sequenced IUE spectra of a number of a bright F-K dwarfs have been used to investigate rotational modulation in several important chromospheric and transition emission lines. Stellingwerf's phase dispersion minimization (PDM) technique forms the basis of this time-series analysis of these sparsely sampled, irregularly spaced observational sequences, which consist of no more than 13 spectra in any one season. In such highly sample-limited time series, the resultant PDM spectrum is greatly complicated by overlapping alias orders which invariably produce strong interference effects, but the deliberately irregular sampling has proven of value in the development of techniques to identify the intrinsic stellar flux modulation period. Two stars are selected to illustrate these new techniques in detail.

Hallam, K. L.↗