Portable induction brazing system for aerospace applications
Portable induction brazing system for aerospace applications
INDUCTION HEATING↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Coldplate of pin fin design makes efficient heat exchanger
Flat, hollow coldplate that permits the flow of coolant liquid removes heat from heat-generating electronic equipment. This coldplate solves usual problems of bulk, weight, and excessive pumping requirements.
Dyer, W. F.↗
High temperature ion source
Modified Nielsen-type ion source produces temperatures up to 1500 degrees C and permits obtaining a plasma from low vapor-pressure materials. Design minimizes thermal stresses. Dual-filament discharge chamber achieves the high temperature and provides independent control of the heating and electron emission functions.
Swift, R.↗
Automated endurance testing of a Brayton power conversion system
Automated endurance testing of 2-15 kWe Brayton power conversion system, using rotating unit, heat exchanger, electronic voltage regulator, parasitic speed control
Edkin, R. A.↗
Electromagnetic containerless processing requirements and recommended facility concept and capabilities for space lab
Containerless melting, reaction, and solidification experiments and processes which potentially can lead to new understanding of material science and production of new or improved materials in the weightless space environment are reviewed in terms of planning for spacelab. Most of the experiments and processes discussed are amenable to the employment of electromagnetic position control and electromagnetic induction or electron beam heating and melting. The spectrum of relevant properties of materials, which determine requirements for a space laboratory electromagnetic containerless processing facility are reviewed. Appropriate distributions and associated coil structures are analyzed and compared on the basis of efficiency, for providing the functions of position sensing, control, and induction heating. Several coil systems are found capable of providing these functions. Exchangeable modular coils in appropriate sizes are recommended to achieve the maximum power efficiencies, for a wide range of specimen sizes and resistivities, in order to conserve total facility power.
Frost, R. T.↗
Characterization of Metals Melting Discs: Skylab Experiment M551
Information developed to characterize flight and ground based samples from the metals melting experiment is detailed in this report. Included are the characteristics determined by nondestructive examination, visual observation, metallographic examination and posttest measurements. Comparisons of the flight and ground based discs showed that an electron beam heat source can be used successfully in zero gravity for cutting, welding, or melting. Few differences were observed that could be attributed to the absence of gravity in these operations.
Monroe, R. E.↗
Characterization of metals melting discs Skylab experiment M551
Characterizations of flight and ground based samples from the metals melting experiment are detailed. The characteristics were determined by nondestructive investigation, visual observation, metallographic examination, and post-test measurements. Comparisons of the flight and ground based discs showed that an electron beam heat source can be used in zero gravity for cutting, welding, or melting.
Monroe, R. E.↗
Metalworking method for composites
Effective fabrication methods for aluminum/boron and aluminum/graphite composites have been investigated. Drawing and rolling were found to be adaptable to Al/B fabrication. Although graphite composites are not amenable to standard metal processing methods, it may be possible to reduce fabrication costs of Al/C through electron-beam heating.
Divecha, A. P.↗
Containerless processing of tungsten
Simultaneous electromagnetic levitation and electron-beam heating allow contaminationless melting of tungsten. Possible application for this technique is production of X-ray targets.
Beser, N.↗
Coatings for directional eutectics
Significant advances have been made in the development of an environmentally stable coating for a very high strength, directionally solidified eutectic alloy designated NiTaC-13. Three duplex (two-layer) coatings survived 3,000 hours on a cyclic oxidation test (1,100 C to 90 C). These coatings were fabricated by first depositing a layer of NiCrAl(Y) by vacuum evaporation from an electron beam heated source, followed by depositing an aluminizing overlayer. The alloy after exposure with these coatings was denuded of carbide fibers at the substrate/coating interface. It was demonstrated that TaC fiber denudation can be greatly retarded by applying a carbon-bearing coating. The coating was applied by thermal spraying followed by aluminization. Specimens coated with NiCrAlCY+Al survived over 2,000 hours in the cyclic oxidation test with essentially no TaC denudation. Coating ductility was studied for coated and heat-treated bars, and stress rupture life at 871 C and 1,100 C was determined for coated and cycled bars.
Rairden, J. R.↗
The plasma line revisited as an aeronomical diagnostic - Suprathermal electrons, solar EUV, electron-gas thermal balance
Spectra of plasma wave intensities in the ionosphere over Arecibo are calculated and compared with those from observations of the plasma line intensity. This approach involving directly observed quantities avoids the uncertainties that have plagued past comparisons with photoelectron theory. In addition, careful comparisons in physically relevant segments of the spectra show that any significant increase in the magnitude of the solar EUV flux would lead to a contradiction of the observed plasma wave intensities. Further, the comparisons indicate that resolution of the thermal electron-gas heat balance problem must be sought through better heat transfer rates (e.g., heating and cooling rates, etc.), rather than in the solar EUV. This approach utilizes more fully the potential of the plasma line experiment as a diagnostic tool for aeronomical studies, (e.g., photoelectrons, auroral secondaries, ionosphere-modification experiments, etc.).
Carlson, H. C., Jr.↗
Containerless high-temperature calorimeter
Samples are heated by electron bombardment in high-temperature calorimeter that operates from 1,000 to 3,600 C yet consumes less that 100 watts at temperatures less than 2,500 C. Contamination of samples is kept to minimum by suspending them from wire in vacuum chamber. Various sample slopes such as wires, dishs, spheres, rods, or irregular bodies can be accommodated and only about 100 nq of samples are needed for accurate measurements.
Lacy, L. L.↗
Microscale instabilities in stream interaction regions
The microstructure of solar wind stream interaction regions is considered theoretically with emphasis on the role of several electrostatic kinetic instabilities which may be important within the stream interface and the compression region. Inside of 1 AU, the interface is likely to be stable against the electrostatic streaming instabilities considered. Between 1 and 2 AU, the interface will excite the magnetized ion-ion instability. The compression region is also found to be unstable beyond 1 AU where the modified two-stream instability, beam-cyclotron instability, and ion-acoustic instability are important in determining the structure of the compressive pulses as they evolve into forward and reverse shocks. It is concluded that the modified two-stream instability and beam-cyclotron instability predominately play a role in heating the electrons to the threshold for the ion-acoustic instability. Various electrostatic plasma waves, ranging in frequency from the lower-hybrid to harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency, would be produced by these instabilities. Their signature should also be seen by high time resolution measurements of the temperature of the various plasma species.
Eviatar, A.↗
Photoelectron fluxes in the Martian ionosphere
Calculations are presented of the steady-state photoelectron distribution in the upper atmosphere of Mars, consistent with the neutral upper atmosphere and ionosphere particle concentrations and temperatures measured by Viking 1. Uncertainties in the calculations affect the thermal electron gas heating rate. Major conclusions are that (1) over most of the altitude range of the Martian ionosphere, the steady-state photoelectron flux amplitude is larger than that in the earth's, so that photoelectron-impact-excited airglow on Mars is generally more significant than it is on earth; (2) the steady-state photoelectron energy distribution in the Martian ionosphere is softer and more structured than that in the terrestrial ionosphere; (3) photoelectron impact ionization contributes about 30% to the total ionization rate in the Martian ionosphere; and (4) photoelectron impact excitation contributes 20-30% of the CO2(+) and CO zenith airglow emissions on Mars.
Mantas, G. P.↗
Microscale instabilities in stream interaction regions
A theoretical investigation of the microstructure of solar wind stream interaction regions is presented. The role of several electrostatic kinetic instabilities is discussed which may be important within the stream interface and the compression region. Inside of 1 AU the interface is likely to be stable against the electrostatic streaming instabilities considered. Between 1 and 2 AU it is argued that the interface will excite the magnetized ion-ion instability. The compression region is also found to be unstable beyond 1 AU, where the modified two-stream instability, beam-cyclotron instability, and ion-acoustic instability will be important in determining the structure of the compressive pulses as they evolve into forward and reverse shocks. It is concluded that the modified two-stream instability and beam-cyclotron instability predominately play a role in heating the electrons to the threshold for the ion-acoustic instability.
Eviatar, A.↗
Removing Defects From Silicon Ribbon
Proposal for removing impurities from silicon ribbon and sheet could be developed into an automated production-line process. New technique which combines ion-cluster bombardment, electron-gun heating, and plasma etching, could be key step in fabricating inexpensive solar-cell arrays. Silicon sheets and ribbons treated this way could have enhanced carrier lifetimes necessary for satisfactory solar-cell performance.
Shimada, K.↗
Containerless high temperature calorimeter apparatus
A calorimeter apparatus for measuring high temperature thermophysical properties of materials is disclosed which includes a containerless heating apparatus in which the specimen is suspended and heated by electron bombardment.
Lacy, L. L.↗
High frequency plasma generators for ion thruster applications
Two concepts for high frequency discharge ion thrusters are described. Both sources are designed for use with 30 cm grid sets and argon propellant and utilize multi-cusp permanent magnet geometries for plasma confinement. The RF induction source is a conventional design representing a synthesis of the RIT and multi-cusp concepts. The preliminary data (without system optimization) indicate a discharge efficiency comparable to that obtained in 30 cm hollow cathode multi-cusp argon thrusters. The electron cyclotron heating source is electrodeless and exhibits plasma characteristics which should lead to greatly reduced discharge chamber and screen sputter rates with the optimization of the magnetic fields, microwave frequency, and feed configuration.
Divergilio, W. F.↗