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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

MARS15-Based System for Beam Loss and Collimation Studies

The system includes the newest version of the MARS15 code for particle production and transport in accelerator components integrated with a novel highprecision tracker/stepper for multi-turn tracking merged with MAD-X. The overall approach is described with all the essential features and programming issues highlighted. The application is illustrated for the Fermilab Recycler Ring and Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) facilities as well as for the Higgs Factory muon collider and International $e^+e^−$ Linear Collider (ILC) projects.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

New physics implication of Higgs precision measurements

Studying the properties of the Higgs boson can be an important window to explore the physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In this work, we present studies on the implications of the Higgs precision measurements at future Higgs Factories. We perform a global fit to various Higgs search channels to obtain the 95 % C.L. constraints on the model parameter spaces of Two Higgs Double Model (2HDM) and Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). In the 2HDM, we analyze tree level effects as well as one-loop contributions from the heavy Higgs bosons. The strong constraints on $\cos(\beta-\alpha)$, heavy Higgs masses and their mass splitting are complementary to direct search of the LHC as well as possible future Z pole precision measurements. For the MSSM, we study both the Higgs couplings and mass precisions. The constraints on the CP-odd Higgs mass $m_A$ and stop mass scale $m_{SUSY}$ can be complementary to the direct search of HL-LHC. We also compare the sensitivity of various future Higgs factories, namely Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), Future Circular Collider (FCC)-ee and International Linear Collider (ILC).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Adiabatic matching of particle bunches in a plasma-based accelerator in the presence of ion motion

Witness beam stability and preservation of its ultra-low emittance have been identified as critical challenges toward realizing a TeV-class, plasma-based linear collider. In fact, the witness bunch parameters required by a future TeV-class collider have been expected to trigger hosing instability and background ion motion, leading to emittance degradation and, potentially, to bunch loss. Recently, it has been shown that ion motion suppresses the hosing instability, and proper longitudinal bunch shaping can eliminate the ion-motion-induced emittance growth. Here, we propose and analyze a plasma-based method to generate the shaped bunches that enable emittance preservation in the presence of ion motion. The method is based on an adiabatic matching procedure, where a bunch with an initially untapered profile is injected in the plasma accelerator stage with an energy low enough that ion motion effects are initially small. As the bunch accelerates, it is adiabatically compressed, ion motion is gradually triggered, and the bunch slowly but continuously readjusts itself in the ion motion-perturbed wakefield acquiring the desired taper. The production of tapered witness bunch profiles that minimize energy spread and preserve emittance for collider-relevant parameters could enable the use of plasma-based accelerators for high-energy physics applications.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Introduction to Superconducting RF Structures and the Effect of High Pressure Rinsing

This presentation begins by describing RF superconductivity and SRF accelerating structures. Then the use of superconducting RF structures in a number of accelerators around the world is reviewed; for example, the International Linear Collider (ILC) will use ~16,000 SRF cavities with ~2,000 cryomodules to get 500 GeV e⁺/e⁻ colliding energy. Field emission control was (and still is) a very important practical issue for SRF cavity development. It has been found that high-pressure ultrapure water rinsing as a final cleaning step after chemical surface treatment resulted in consistent performance of single- and multicell superconducting cavities.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Perspectives on the generation of electron beams from plasma-based accelerators and their near and long term applications

This article first gives the authors' perspectives on how the field of plasma-based acceleration (PBA) developed and how the current experiments, theory, and simulations are motivated by long term applications of PBA to a future linear collider and an x-ray free electron laser. Here, we then focus on some early applications that will likely emerge from PBA research such as electron beam radiotherapy, directional but incoherent x-ray beams for science and technology, near single cycle continuously tunable infrared pulses for spectroscopy, and non-perturbative quantum electrodynamics enabled by PBA electron beams. In our opinion, these near term applications could be developed within the next decade with a concerted effort by the community.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

High Gradient Accelerator Research

The goal of the MIT program of research on high gradient acceleration is the development of advanced acceleration concepts that lead to a practical and affordable next generation linear collider at the TeV energy level. Other applications, which are more near-term, include accelerators for materials processing; medicine; defense; mining; security; and inspection. The specific goals of the MIT program are: • Pioneering theoretical research on advanced structures for high gradient acceleration, including photonic structures and metamaterial structures; evaluation of the wakefields in these advanced structures • Experimental research to demonstrate the properties of advanced structures both in low-power microwave cold test and high-power, high-gradient test at megawatt power levels • Experimental research on microwave breakdown at high gradient including studies of breakdown phenomena induced by RF electric fields and RF magnetic fields; development of new diagnostics of the breakdown process • Theoretical research on the physics and engineering features of RF vacuum breakdown • Maintaining and improving the Haimson / MIT 17 GHz accelerator, the highest frequency operational accelerator in the world, a unique facility for accelerator research • Providing the Haimson / MIT 17 GHz accelerator facility as a facility for outside users • Active participation in the US DOE program of High Gradient Collaboration, including joint work with SLAC and with Los Alamos National Laboratory; participation of MIT students in research at the national laboratories • Training the next generation of Ph. D. students in the field of accelerator physics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fine-tuning machine-learned particle-flow reconstruction for new detector geometries in future colliders

We demonstrate transfer learning capabilities in a machine-learned algorithm trained for particle-flow reconstruction in high energy particle colliders. This paper presents a cross-detector fine-tuning study, where we initially pretrain the model on a large full simulation dataset from one detector design, and subsequently fine-tune the model on a sample with a different collider and detector design. Specifically, we use the Compact Linear Collider detector (CLICdet) model for the initial training set and demonstrate successful knowledge transfer to the CLIC-like detector (CLD) proposed for the Future Circular Collider in electron-positron mode. We show that with an order of magnitude less samples from the second dataset, we can achieve the same performance as a costly training from scratch, across particle-level and event-level performance metrics, including jet and missing transverse momentum resolution. Furthermore, we find that the fine-tuned model achieves comparable performance to the traditional rule-based particle-flow approach on event-level metrics after training on 100,000 CLD events, whereas a model trained from scratch requires at least 1 million CLD events to achieve similar reconstruction performance. To our knowledge, this represents the first full-simulation cross-detector transfer learning study for particle-flow reconstruction. These findings offer valuable insights towards building large foundation models that can be fine-tuned across different detector designs and geometries, helping to accelerate the development cycle for new detectors and opening the door to rapid detector design and optimization using machine learning.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Beam Dynamics Challenges of a Far-Future ERL-Based Collider - The Ghost Collider

Beam Dynamics Challenges of a Far-Future ERL-Based Collider - The Ghost Collider In a recent paper, Valery Telnov proposed a linear collider based on twin axis cavities [1]. In a subsequent presentation, Erk Jensen proposed a modification with intra-bucket energy recovery [2], which eliminates higher order mode excitation. Interestingly, this means that there is no need for large aperture SRF cavities and high-power HOM couplers. The Ghost Collider adopts these ideas, and adds the concept of four-beam collisions (initially proposed by Joel LeDuff [3]) to remove beam-beam interactions and disruption. This concept brings up a series of new beam dynamics problems which make optimization of the parameters difficult. The presentation will describe the concept, which has a series of beam-dynamics challenges to be solved before the concept can advance. [1] V.I. Telnov, JINST 16 (2021) no.12, P12025 [2] E. Jensen https://indico.cern.ch/event/1040671/?view=nicecompact [3] Status Report on D. C. I, The Orsay Storage Ring Group, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-26, No.3, June 1979

Hutton, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2014

5045 Klystron (Top level drawing AD-700-870-00)

This drawing package is for the SLAC 5045 s-band pulsed klystron that was designed to power the SLAC Linear Collider. It is currently powering the SLAC LCLS and FACET linear accelerators. This klystron operates at a frequency of 2.856 GHz and produces a peak output power of 67 MW with a pulse length of 3.5 {mu}s at 180 Hz pulse repetition rate.

Tremaine, Aaron↗
DOE OSTI2019

Final Technical Report: Experimental High Energy Physics

The Oregon experimental high energy physics group explores the structure of the physical world through experiments addressing significant open questions at the frontier of knowledge. During the period of this report (1996-2017), the Oregon group has investigated these questions through electroweak measurements at SLD, OPAL, and NuTeV, measurements of CP violation, and heavy quark and heavy lepton properties at BaBar, and Higgs physics and other energy frontier measurements at ATLAS. Since 2005, the central emphasis of the effort has been Terascale physics, with the ATLAS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), while continuing a secondary effort toward a future linear collider.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Activator-doped Hg 2 Br 2 as next generation high performance scintillator for high energy physics research and other scientific and imaging applications

Existing COTS inorganic scintillators all have the characteristic of being very good at certain desirable properties, but not sufficient at other desirable properties for HEP. The demand for suitable scintillators (with regards to both scintillation detector properties and suitable pricing), to be used for modern intensities frontier (Mu2e-II), energy frontier (High luminosity large hadron collider) and future e+e- collider projects (aimed as Higgs bosons factory, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) and the Future Circular Collider (FCC) are putting even higher challenges on crystal scintillators.In this work, we report the development of a novel high-performance scintillators that can address the issues associated with existing scintillators, the activator doped Hg2Br2. Initial results are very encouraging on the detection of gamma and alpha particles using a solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM). The responses have been stable and repeatable. Hg2Br2 also has many advantages over existing COTS scintillators such as: high density, bright, fast, good energy resolution, no intrinsic radiation, radiation hard and cost-effectiveness. Here, we present here why Hg2Br2 is the next generation scintillator for high energy physics experiments as well as other scientific and imaging applications such as planetary science and medical imaging.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electron Cloud Simulations for the Electron-Ion Collider in Brookhaven National Laboratory

For high-intensity circular accelerators and storage rings, if the secondary electron emission yield (SEY) of the vacuum chamber surfaces is high, an EC (Electron Cloud) could build up with the passage of the circulating beam. The presence of EC can strongly affect the beam quality, such as transverse instabilities, transverse emittance growth, and beam loss. Furthermore, the heat load from EC can exceed the available cryogenic capability. For the RHIC superconducting (SC) arc magnets, to be used for the hadron storage ring of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), the dynamic heat load budget is 0.5 W/m to the 4.5 K stainless steel beam pipe. This can limit the maximum beam bunches or intensity of the EIC, hence diminishing the luminosity provided by the EIC. The EC has affected the beam instability and significantly contributed to cryogenic heat load in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Positron storage rings for which ECs have been a critical factor in the design and performance include KEKB in Japan and EC buildup remains one of the concerns for future high-intensity accelerators design. EC considerations have driven the SuperKEKB collider design and the positron damping ring for the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC). The LHC luminosity upgrade is contingent on reducing the bunch spacing to 25 ns; at this bunch spacing, severe EC buildup has been observed. The success of the upgrade is likely contingent on limiting EC buildup. To study the EC heat load, we did some EC simulations with PyECLOUD code for the dipole, quadrupole, sextupole magnets, and the warm (drift) section of the EIC hadron storage ring. PyECLOUD is an EC simulation code developed by CERN. The code has been validated and used to study EC in the LHC, SPS, and PS. To eliminate EC buildup, the sources of electrons must be minimized. First, we will reduce the production of electrons due to residual gas ionization by specifying the maximum gas density, which requires a vacuum chamber with low electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) yields and a sufficient (preferably distributed) pumping speed. Second, we should reduce the secondary electrons with a lower secondary electron yield (SEY) material.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Concept of circular-linear energy recovery accelerator to probe the energy frontier

Energy-frontier accelerators provide powerful tools performing high precision measurements confirming the fundamentals of the physics and broadening new research horizons. Such machines are either driven by circular or linear accelerators. The circular machines, having the centre-of-mass (CM) energy values reaching 200 GeV (for leptons) and above, experience beam energy loss and quality dilution, for example, due to synchrotron radiation, limiting the overall CM energy achievable and requiring a constant energy top-up to compensate the loss and the beam quality dilution. Linear colliders overcome these limitations, while the finite capabilities of generating high average current beams limits the luminosity. This is partially compensated by the quality of the colliding beams. In this work, we suggest a novel design of circular-linear accelerator based on the merging of the “non-emitting”, low-energy storage rings and energy recovery linear accelerators. We suggest using the recently considered dual-axis asymmetric cavities to enable the operation of such a system, and in particular the energy recovery from spent, high-intensity beams. The machine considered, under the scope of the SNOWMASS-2021 initiative, can be potentially used to reach ultimate energy frontiers in high-energy physics as well as to drive next generation light sources. The merging of circular and linear systems, and applications of dual axes cavities, should allow the maintaining of high beam quality, high luminosity, and high energy efficiency, while offering a flexible energy management and opening clear opportunity for reducing the running cost. We note that the numbers shown in the paper are for illustration purpose and can be improved further.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Chapter 5: Bright muon beams and muon colliders

The muon collider offers a path toward high-energy, high-luminosity lepton collisions that extends beyond the expected reach of electron-positron colliders and would be competitive in physics reach with proton colliders at the highest energies. Nonetheless, several challenging elements of muon collider technology must be more fully addressed to achieve a maturity level commensurate with linear colliders. In this chapter, the potential benefits of a muon collider in terms of cost, sustainability and timescale are outlined. The major remaining technical challenges are described and an R&D programme is outlined. This programme, assuming suitable funding, will enable the next Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics to make informed decisions regarding the future R&D path for lepton colliders.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Higgs-Energy LEptoN (HELEN) Collider based on advanced superconducting radio frequency technology

This Snowmass 2021 contributed paper discusses a Higgs-Energy LEptoN (HELEN) e⁺e⁻ linear collider based on advances superconducting radio frequency technology. The proposed collider offers cost and AC power savings, smaller footprint (relative to the ILC), and could be built at Fermilab with an Interaction Region within the site boundaries. After the initial physics run at 250 GeV, the collider could be upgraded either to higher luminosity or to higher (up to 500 GeV) energies. If the ILC could not be realized in Japan in a timely fashion, the HELEN collider would be a viable option to build a Higgs factory in the U.S.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Extreme high vacuum for polarized electron sources

Nuclear physics experiments often require highly polarized electron beams to do precise measurements of the structure and size of nucleons and the nucleus, as well as for searches for physics beyond the standard model. Jefferson Lab?s electron source, with polarization near 90%, has been providing polarized electron beams for CEBAF for over two decades. Development is underway for polarized electron sources at MESA at Mainz and the Electron Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Lab, and there is potential for polarized electron beam in the future at facilities including the International Linear Collider, an electron upgrade at CERN, and the SuperKEKB collider in Japan. At Jefferson Lab there are even plans to make use of polarized electrons to make a polarized positron source for experimental nuclear physics. High polarization electron beams are generated using photoemission from strained superlattice GaAs based photocathodes, and photocathode lifetime is limited by the ionization of residual gas in the system, which is then accelerated into the photocathode. Extreme high vacuum (near 1x10-10 Pa) is required to operate the Jefferson Lab polarized electron source with an acceptable lifetime, and the upcoming projects will need various combinations of higher current, higher bunch charge and longer photocathode lifetimes. To meet the vacuum requirements for polarized electron sources, every component for a polarized electron source must be optimized, including chamber materials, pumps, bakeout procedure and the high voltage electrode geometry and processing. Each change in these components must be evaluated offline before being used in the accelerator, and effects on pressure are difficult to evaluate even using XHV-optimized hot filament ionization gauges. In fact, we do not get a final evaluation of system modifications until an electron source is built, installed and lifetime measurements are made over the course of months or years of operation. I will be discussing the evolution of vacuum in the Jefferson Lab polarized source system toward XHV pressures and discuss the characterization and limitations measured for commercially available XHV vacuum gauges. Finally, I?ll present the effect of system pressure on photocathode lifetime and highlight how XHV pressure standards can benefit the ongoing efforts to improve vacuum for the next generation of polarized electron sources.

Stutzman, Marcy↗
DOE OSTI2014

XL4 Klystron (Top level drawing AD-700-924-00)

This drawing package is for the SLAC XL4 x-band pulsed klystron that was originally developed as a source for high gradient accelerator structures for the Next Linear Collider project. This device has proven to be a very useful source for driving a variety of high gradient breakdown experiments to linearizer and deflector structures instrumental to the LCLS operation. This klystron operates at a frequency of 11.424 GHz and produces a peak output power of 50 MW with a pulse length of 1.5 {mu}s at 60 Hz pulse repetition rate.

Tremaine, Aaron↗
DOE OSTI2026

First results from a high-frame-rate, multi-GHz ionizing particle detection system geared toward accelerator diagnostic applications

An integrated detection system, consists of a thin diamond sensor incorporated into a compact signal loop, coupled in turn to an application-specific integrated circuit readout chip, has been tested for the first time, using ps-duration electron pulses from the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. For readout frame rates as high as 120 kHz, the detection system is shown to achieve a linear dynamic range of 10 3 and a bandwidth of 4–5 GHz, with no ringing seen on the tail of the output pulse. These results represent the best-performing multi-GHz ionizing particle detection system achieved to date.

Ferezghi, Mohammadreza Mohseni [University of Cali↗