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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1971

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in Samarium Doped Lanthanum Magnesium Nitrate

The dynamic nuclear polarization of hydrogen nuclei by the solid effect in single crystals of samarium doped lanthanum magnesium nitrate (Sm:LMN) was studied theoretically and experimentally. The equations of evolution governing the dynamic nuclear polarization by the solid effect were derived in detail using the spin temperature theory and the complete expression for the steady state enhancement of the nuclear polarization was calculated. Experimental enhancements of the proton polarization were obtained for eight crystals at 9.2 GHz and liquid helium temperatures. The samarium concentration ranged from 0.1 percent to 1.1 percent as determined by X-ray fluorescence. A peak enhancement of 181 was measured for a 1.1 percent Sm:LMN crystal at 3.0 K. The maximum enhancements extrapolated with the theory using the experimental data for peak enhancement versus microwave power and correcting for leakage, agree with the ideal enhancement (240 in this experiment) within experimental error for three of the crystals.

Byvik, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Optical properties of thermal control coating contaminated by MMH/N2O4 5-pound thruster in a vacuum environment with solar simulation

Cat-a-lac Black, and S13G thermal control coatings were exposed to the exhaust of a thruster in a simulated space environment. Vacuum was maintained at less than 10 to the minus 5th power torr during thruster firing in the liquid helium cooled facility. The thruster was fired in a 50-millisecond pulse mode and the accumulated firing time was 224 seconds. Solar absorptance (alpha sub s) and thermal emittance (sigma) of the coatings were measured in-situ at intervals of 300 pulses. A calorimetric technique was used to measure alpha sub s and sigma. The tests, technique, and test results are presented. The Cat-a-lac Black coatings showed no change in alpha sub s or sigma. The S13G showed up to 25 percent increase in alpha sub s but no change in sigma.

Sommers, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Optical properties of thermal control coatings contaminated by MMH/N2O4 5-pound thruster in a vacuum environment with solar simulation.

Cat-a-lac Black and S13G thermal control coatings were exposed to the exhaust of a thrustor in a simulated space environment. Vacuum was maintained at less than 10 microtorr during thrustor firing in the liquid helium cooled facility. The thrustor was fired in a 50-millisecond pulse mode, and the accumulated firing time was 224 seconds. Solar absorptance and thermal emittance of the coatings were measured in-situ at intervals of 300 pulses, using a calorimetric technique. The Cat-a-lac Black coatings showed no change in solar absorptance or thermal emittance. The S13G showed up to 25% increase in solar absorptance but no change in thermal emittance.

Sommers, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Energy distribution among reaction products. V.

Discussion of three reactions, one point of theoretical interest being the predicted correlation between barrier height and barrier location. The H + Br 2 reaction having a lower activation barrier than H + Cl 2, should have an earlier barrier, and hence a greater percentage attractive energy release and higher efficiency of vibrational excitation. Information is developed concerning the effect of isotopic substitution in the pair of reactions H + Cl 2 and D + Cl 2. The 'arrested relaxation' method was used. Essentially, the method involves reacting two diffuse reagent beams in a reaction vessel with background pressure less than 0.001 torr, and with walls cooled by liquid nitrogen or liquid helium.

Anlauf, K. G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Effect of thruster pulse length on thruster-exhaust damage of S13G white thermal control coatings

Rocket exhaust products which strike thermal control surfaces cause changes in solar absorptance (Alpha Sub s) and thermal emittance (Epsilon) of these surfaces. A study was made of the effect of rocket pulse duration on exhaust damage to S13G white coatings. Two pulse lengths were used - 14 msec and 50 msec. An MMH/N204 bipropellant 5-lb thrust rocket was fired into a simulated space environment with a vacuum of 0.00001 torr, a liquid helium temperature enclosure, and solar radiation. The changes in solar absorptance and thermal emittance of S13G white coatings due to rocket exhaust were made in-situ for total firing times of 58 seconds with 14 msec pulses and 223.7 sec with 50 msec pulses. The solar absorptance of S13G increased 25 percent due to 223.7 sec of exposure to 50 msec pulses and the thermal emittance was unaffected. The ratio of Alpha Sub s/Epsilon therefore increased by 25 percent. The short 14 msec pulse exhaust exposure caused between 40 and 70 percent increase in solar absorptance and a decrease of between 13 and 18 percent in thermal emittance. The corresponding increase in Alpha Sub s/Epsilon ratio was between 80 and 100 percent. Ultraviolet radiation was present in the short pulse test and may have contributed to the large damage of that test.

Sommers, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Far infrared astronomy

The research to develop a spectrometer to be used with a ground based telescope is described. Two liquid helium cooled infrared spectrometers were designed and built. The first, has a Cassegrain optical system and a variable focal length between 51.4 cm and 92.6 cm. It is capable of a resolution of 500. The second, has a focal length of 19.1 cm and has a resolution of 100. Both spectrometers have been operated at 10-30 microns. Sample spectra are included.

Houck, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

An EPR investigation of the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in SrCl2:y(2 plus) and SrCl2:Sc(2 plus)

EPR spectra have been observed for SrCl2:Y(2+) and SrCl2:Sc(2+) at liquid helium temperatures. At 1.2 K the spectra were dominated by anisotropic hyperfine patterns whose lineshapes and angular dependences were explained using second order solutions of the effective Hamiltonian for an isolated 2Eg state split by large random internal strains. Pronounced asymmetries in some of the strin produced lineshapes for Srcl2:Sc(2+) are shown to result from second order terms in the solution of the effective Hamiltonian. Coexisting with the anisotropic hyperfine patterns are weak nearly isotropic hyperfine patterns with typical lineshapes. Variations in the apparent intensity of lines in these weak hyperfine patterns as functions of the applied magnetic field direction and temperature imply that these lines result from averaging by vibronic relaxation of a portion of the anisotropic pattern. The effective Hamiltonian parameters for SrCl2:La(2+), SrCl2:y(2+), and SrCl2:SC(2+) are analyzed in terms of crystal field theory modified to include a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect.

Herrington, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Balloon measurements of the far-infrared background radiation.

Description of a balloon-borne radiometer designed to make direct measurements of the background radiation in the spectral range from 1 to 20 cm, and evaluation of the results of two balloon flights performed with the aid of this radiometer. Measurements in five different passbands in the spectral region below 20 per cm were made with a liquid-helium-cooled radiometer in two flights at approximately 40-km altitude. The results obtained are found to be consistent with a 2.7 K thermal radiation background. In addition, an atmospheric radiation of certain magnitude is found to dominate the region above 11 per cm.

Muehlner, D.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Precision pointing thrustor.

A satellite experiment to test the predicted relativistic precession of a gyroscope moving through a gravitational field has been under development at Stanford University for a number of years. The instruments will be located in a liquid helium bath to insure dimensional stability and to permit using superconducting types of circuitry for readout of the gyro orientation. Heat leaks in the system cause the helium to boil and the resultant helium gas is used for attitude control. The principal subject of the paper is the design and experimental evaluation of an electromagnetically actuated differential thrustor which was built and tested at Stanford University. The results are unique because most propulsion systems operate on-off in order to utilize propellant efficiently. In this case, the gas must flow continually to provide cooling, and the requirements are primarily for low power, small volume, and high reliability.

Bull, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Internal friction measurement in high purity tungsten single crystal

Internal friction peaks observed after small deformation in high purity tungsten single crystals between liquid helium temperature and 800 K in the frequency range 30-50 KHz, are studied as a function of orientation. An orientation effect is observed in the internal friction spectra due to the creation of internal stresses. The elementary processes related to these peaks are discussed in terms of kink generation and geometric kink motion on screw and edge dislocations in an internal stress field.

Rieu, G. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Observation of the J = 2 to J = 1 transition of interstellar CO at 1.3 millimeters

The NRAO 36-foot antenna at Kitt Peak with a novel type of millimeter-wave superheterodyne receiver was used in observations of 1.3-mm line interstellar radiation due to J ? 2-1 transitions of C(12)0(16) and C(13)0(16). The liquid-helium-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer of the superheterodyne receiver was used as the detecting element. The Orion Nebula CO system was found to be thermalized, showing a peak excitation temperature of about 76 K.

Phillips, T. G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Prospects for obtaining metallic hydrogen with spherical presses

Description of a split-sphere apparatus modified for use at low temperature and affording a possible method for compressing molecular hydrogen to a pressure in excess of 1 Mbar and for converting it to the metallic state. The construction costs of the apparatus are relatively low and the amount of liquid helium required for low-temperature operation is readily obtainable with modern liquefiers.

Spain, I. L.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Recent developments in shock tube research; Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., July 16-19, 1973

Recent advances in shock tube research are described in papers dealing with the design and performance features of new devices as well as applications in aerodynamic, chemical, and physics experiments. Topics considered include a cryogenic shock tube for studying liquid helium fluid mechanics, studies of shock focusing and nonlinear resonance in shock tubes, applications in gas laser studies, very-low and very-high temperature chemical kinetic measurements, shock tube studies of ionization and recombination phenomena, applications in bioacoustic research, shock-tube simulation studies of sonic booms, and plasma research. Individual items are announced in this issue.

Bershader, D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Antiferromagnetic inclusions in lunar glass

The magnetic susceptibility of eleven glass spherules from the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 fines and two specimens of a relatively large glass spherical shell were studied as a function of temperature from room temperature to liquid helium temperatures. All but one specimen showed the presence of antiferromagnetic inclusions. Closely spaced temperature measurements of the magnetic susceptibility below 77 K on five of the specimens showed antiferromagnetic temperature transitions (Neel transitions). With the exception of ilmenite in one specimen, these transitions did not correspond to any transitions in known antiferromagnetic compounds.

Thorpe, A. N.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A cooled telescope for infrared balloon astronomy

The characteristics of a 16 inch liquid helium cooled Cassegrain telescope with vibrating secondary mirror are discussed. The telescope is used in making far infrared astronomical observations. The system houses several different detectors for multicolor photometry. The cooled telescope has a ten to one increase in signal-to-noise ratio over a similar warm version and is installed in a high altitude balloon gondola to obtain data on the H2 region of the galaxy.

Frederick, C.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Study to define low voltage and low temperature operating limits of the Pioneer 10/11 Meteoroid Detection Equipment (MDE) system

The Pioneer 10/11 meteoroid detection equipment (MDE) pressure cells were tested at liquid nitrogen (LN2) and liquid helium (LHe) temperatures with the excitation voltage controlled as a parameter. The cells failed by firing because of pressurizing gas condensation as the temperature was lowered from LN2 to LHe temperature and when raised from LHe temperature. A study was conducted to determine cell pressure as a function of temperature, and cell failure was estimated as a function of temperature and excitation voltage. The electronic system was also studied, and a profile of primary spacecraft voltage (nominally 28 Vdc) and temperature corresponding to electronic system failure was determined experimentally.

Parker, C. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Far infrared spectroscopy of the Orion Nebula

A coarse resolution spectrum of the Orion Nebula between 65 and 125 microns is presented which closely fits the color dependence of a 75 K blackbody. A high resolution search for O III at 88.16 microns yields an upper limit below theoretical predictions. Observations were carried out in November, 1974, using the 31 cm gyrostabilized telescope mounted in the NASA Lear jet. The instrument employed was a fully liquid helium cooled grating spectrometer with a 3 mm entrance slit that gave a square beam on the sky, 5 arc minutes in diameter. The results are presented.

Ward, D. B.↗