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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23

Elevating SolTrace's Capabilities for the Next Generation of Concentrating Solar Analysis

SolTrace is an open-source Monte Carlo ray tracing software developed at NREL. SolTrace can characterize concentrating solar thermal (CST) collector optical performance and is CST technology agnostic. Shown in Fig. 1, SolTrace is a foundational tool in NREL's CST system and component modeling suite. SolTrace's generic surface elements can flexibly model novel collector and receiver designs to predict spatial and temporal flux distributions - critical to understand for CST component design, performance prediction, and system integration. Since its initial development, SolTrace has over 1,650 references on Google Scholar, over 9,800 downloads since 2017, and has served the CST research and development community as a benchmark of 3rd party verification. SolTrace provides users with many options for defining surface shape and boundaries. However, SolTrace provides limited documentation which can result in a steep learning curve for new users. Additionally, SolTrace lacks the computational performance required to evaluate optical performance of a CST system over the course of a year and/or iteratively over design parameters in a timely manner. To address this, we are working towards a new release of SolTrace that enables increased computational throughput by implementing ray tracing acceleration structures and enabling GPU parallelization. Additionally, we are working to improve SolTrace's usability, accessibility, and maintainability by (1) automating solar position time-dependent simulation processes, (2) creating general CST collector templates of grouped elements, (3) updating the user interface to better visualize model inputs and outputs, and (4) creating a user support network through forums, "how to" videos, and documentation.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Using Gravitational Lensing to Probe for Candidate Quintessential Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization

Abstract Understanding the properties of the first generation of galaxies is an ongoing challenge in observational astrophysics. James Webb Space Telescope deep-field observations have led to the identification of large numbers of galaxies within the Epoch of Reionization (EoR); however, it remains observationally challenging to study the detailed properties of the most numerous, faint high- z galaxies without strong gravitational lensing. To this end, we present five m AB ≃ 24 galaxies, all projected behind the cores of massive clusters where high lensing magnifications significantly (≳1.5 mag) boost their observed brightness. These galaxies are each characterized by a drop-off in their spectra between the near-IR and optical wavelengths, suggesting the presence of a Lyman break at z > 6. The bright sources enable precise dropout color constraints. We combine the dropout data with follow-up imaging to constrain continuum slopes redward of their breaks. Using the open-source spectral energy distribution modeling software Prospector , we characterize two of these galaxies as probable high- z ( z ∼ 6.5–7) and three as probable low- z ( z ∼ 2) sources, demonstrating that for very bright ( m AB < 24) dropout candidates even limited photometric data have good power to distinguish between high- z galaxies and red or dusty low- z galaxies. The two candidate high- z dropouts are comparably bright to the brightest galaxies identified at such redshifts in deep fields, but due to lensing magnifications are intrinsically fainter by at least 1.5 mag. If confirmed, these galaxies represent exciting laboratories for performing detailed follow-up studies of galaxy properties within the EoR.

Roberson, Joshua [University of Cincinnati] (ORCID↗

Injecting Artificial Memory Errors Into a Running Computer Program

Single-event upsets (SEUs) or bitflips are computer memory errors caused by radiation. BITFLIPS (Basic Instrumentation Tool for Fault Localized Injection of Probabilistic SEUs) is a computer program that deliberately injects SEUs into another computer program, while the latter is running, for the purpose of evaluating the fault tolerance of that program. BITFLIPS was written as a plug-in extension of the open-source Valgrind debugging and profiling software. BITFLIPS can inject SEUs into any program that can be run on the Linux operating system, without needing to modify the program s source code. Further, if access to the original program source code is available, BITFLIPS offers fine-grained control over exactly when and which areas of memory (as specified via program variables) will be subjected to SEUs. The rate of injection of SEUs is controlled by specifying either a fault probability or a fault rate based on memory size and radiation exposure time, in units of SEUs per byte per second. BITFLIPS can also log each SEU that it injects and, if program source code is available, report the magnitude of effect of the SEU on a floating-point value or other program variable.

Bornstein, Benjamin J.↗

Interface for Physics Simulation Engines

DSS-Prototyper is an open-source, realtime 3D virtual environment software that supports design simulation for the new Vision for Space Exploration (VSE). This is a simulation of NASA's proposed Robotic Lunar Exploration Program, second mission (RLEP2). It simulates the Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM), which is designed to carry up to four astronauts to the lunar surface for durations of a week or longer. This simulation shows the virtual vehicle making approaches and landings on a variety of lunar terrains. The physics of the descent engine thrust vector, production of dust, and the dynamics of the suspension are all modeled in this set of simulations. The RLEP2 simulations are drivable (by keyboard or joystick) virtual rovers with controls for speed and motor torque, and can be articulated into higher or lower centers of gravity (depending on driving hazards) to enable drill placement. Gravity also can be set to lunar, terrestrial, or zero-g. This software has been used to support NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in simulations of proposed vehicles for robotically exploring the lunar surface for water ice, and could be used to model all other aspects of the VSE from the Ares launch vehicles and Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) to the International Space Station (ISS). This simulator may be installed and operated on any Windows PC with an installed 3D graphics card.

Damer, Bruce↗

Activate/Inhibit KGCS Gateway via Master Console EIC Pad-B Display

My internship consisted of two major projects for the Launch Control System.The purpose of the first project was to implement the Application Control Language (ACL) to Activate Data Acquisition (ADA) and to Inhibit Data Acquisition (IDA) the Kennedy Ground Control Sub-Systems (KGCS) Gateway, to update existing Pad-B End Item Control (EIC) Display to program the ADA and IDA buttons with new ACL, and to test and release the ACL Display.The second project consisted of unit testing all of the Application Services Framework (ASF) by March 21st. The XmlFileReader was unit tested and reached 100 coverage. The XmlFileReader class is used to grab information from XML files and use them to initialize elements in the other framework elements by using the Xerces C++ XML Parser; which is open source commercial off the shelf software. The ScriptThread was also tested. ScriptThread manages the creation and activation of script threads. A large amount of the time was used in initializing the environment and learning how to set up unit tests and getting familiar with the specific segments of the project that were assigned to us.

Computer Programming↗

Computational Modeling Approaches to Multiscale Design of Icephobic Surfaces

To aid in the design of surfaces that prevent icing, a model and computational simulation of impact ice formation at the single droplet scale was implemented. The nucleation of a single supercooled droplet impacting on a substrate, in rime ice conditions, was simulated. Open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used for the simulation. To aid in the design of surfaces that prevent icing, a model of impact ice formation at the single droplet scale was proposed•No existing model simulates simultaneous impact and freezing of a single super-cooled water droplet•For the 10-week project, a low-fidelity feasibility study was the goal.

adhesion↗

Using CCSDS Standards to Reduce Mission Costs

NASA's open source Core Flight System (cFS) software framework has been using several Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards since its inception. Recently developed CCSDS standards are now being applied by NASA, ESA and other organizations to streamline and automate aspects of mission development, test, and operations, speeding mission schedules and reducing mission costs. This paper will present the new CCSDS Spacecraft Onboard Interfaces Services (SOIS) Electronic Data Sheet (EDS) standards and show how they are being applied to data interfaces in the cFS software framework, tool chain, and ground systems across a range of missions at NASA. Although NASA is focusing on the cFS, it expected that these technologies are well suited for use in other system architectures and can lower costs for a wide range of both large and small satellites.

Wilmot, Jonathan↗

User Manual for Physical Scalars and Plotting Tools in Scala

An open-source scalar package and associated software tools have been developed in the Scala programming language, including plotting tools based on the free GRACE plotting package. The scalar package represents physical scalars and can help to prevent errors involving physical units in engineering and scientific computation. The scalar package includes a complete implementation of the standard SI metric system of units and many common non-metric units. The design also allows users to easily de ne a specialized or reduced set of physical units for any particular application or domain. The scalar package can be used in two different modes: one mode provides unit compatibility checking but is slower, and the other mode bypasses the compatibility checks but is much faster and still prevents the most common type of unit error. Switching between the two modes requires no changes in the user's code, making it convenient and usable with no significant performance penalty for even the most computationally intensive applications.

Paielli, Russell A.↗

2018 NISAR Applications Workshop: Forest and Disturbance; Workshop Report

Forest lands cover the globe and are important sources for providing ecosystem services including: carbon sequestration, biodiversity, timber, air and water quality. As such, counties around the world have dedicated programs for managing them. Accurate and timely information concerning the status of these forests (moisture, biomass, disturbance type, etc.) is essential to those Nations’ human and ecological health as well as economy. The joint NASA/US Forest Service workshop focused on arming forest land managers with observations and remote sensing information from the upcoming NASA-ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) (NISAR) satellite mission (expected to launch early 2022). Participants included representatives from different US Federal Agencies, private sector, and non-governmental organizations (NGO) that are key players in facilitating integration of Earth Observations (EO) into forest management and decision support workflows. They included scientists, technicians, and program managers with a responsibility for data acquisition and exploitation such as product development, delivery, and use, and capacity building. Discussions were held over two days to convey the broader forest and disturbance community information needs for various representative participants and programs and to facilitate the delivery of NISAR mission geospatial products and observational capabilities. Case studies were presented to demonstrate the current state of practice in the use of SAR remote sensing for applications of direct importance to forest and disturbance land management community. Eleven organizations presented their information requirements in response to a set of questions provided by the NASA team, then the NASA team responded by describing the degree to which NISAR could meet these requirements. Discussion ensued about needed data product specifications to increase utility (e.g., projection, latency, etc.), tools and capacity building. The general findings of this workshop were that (a) NISAR observations will be particularly useful to the global forest carbon and disturbance monitoring applications, but that certain data product design decisions (projections and radiometric and terrain corrections) need to be considered to increase utility; b) the biomass and disturbance detection algorithms meet many of the community needs, however there are other information products of value (e.g., soil moisture or disturbance classification, not just detection) and all products should be compliant with existing community standards for reporting uncertainty; c) providing SAR education to the community will be key specifically thinking about putting the information first and the SAR theory second, providing a simple guide of standard data processing steps (e.g., dB (decibel) to power conversion and speckle filtering); d) the community needs a user-friendly interface for finding free, archived data over their geographic regions of interest; e) user-friendly tools that connect to open-sources GIS (Global Information System) software (e.g., QGIS (Quantum GIS)) that include a graphical user interface (GUI) for SAR processing that enables both download and cloud processing. To integrate these findings and prepare the community before NISAR launches, it was suggested that there be a dedicated NISAR Forest and Disturbance Applications Working Group (as per the specifications in the NISAR Utilization Plan). After launch, it was decided that the community continue capacity building activities.

Stavros, Natasha↗

Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment (SAGE) Software for the Visualization of Large Data Sets on a Video Wall

The use of collaborative scientific visualization systems for the analysis, visualization, and sharing of "big data" available from new high resolution remote sensing satellite sensors or four‐dimensional numerical model simulations is propelling the wider adoption of ultra‐resolution tiled display walls interconnected by high speed networks. These systems require a globally connected and well‐integrated operating environment that provides persistent visualization and collaboration services. This abstract and subsequent presentation describes a new collaborative visualization system installed for NASA's Shortterm Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) program at Marshall Space Flight Center and its use for Earth science applications. The system consists of a 3 x 4 array of 1920 x 1080 pixel thin bezel video monitors mounted on a wall in a scientific collaboration lab. The monitors are physically and virtually integrated into a 14' x 7' for video display. The display of scientific data on the video wall is controlled by a single Alienware Aurora PC with a 2nd Generation Intel Core 4.1 GHz processor, 32 GB memory, and an AMD Fire Pro W600 video card with 6 mini display port connections. Six mini display‐to‐dual DVI cables are used to connect the 12 individual video monitors. The open source Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment (SAGE) windowing and media control framework, running on top of the Ubuntu 12 Linux operating system, allows several users to simultaneously control the display and storage of high resolution still and moving graphics in a variety of formats, on tiled display walls of any size. The Ubuntu operating system supports the open source Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment (SAGE) software which provides a common environment, or framework, enabling its users to access, display and share a variety of data‐intensive information. This information can be digital‐cinema animations, high‐resolution images, high‐definition video‐teleconferences, presentation slides, documents, spreadsheets or laptop screens. SAGE is cross‐platform, community‐driven, open‐source visualization and collaboration middleware that utilizes shared national and international cyberinfrastructure for the advancement of scientific research and education.

Jedlovec, Gary↗

RAPID and DDS

This talk gives an overview of the the Robot Applications Programmers Interface Delegate (RAPID) as well as the distributed systems middleware Data Distribution Service (DDS). DDS is an open software standard, RAPID is cleared for open-source release under NOSA. RAPID specifies data-structures and semantics for high-level telemetry published by NASA robotic software. These data-structures are supported by multiple robotic platforms at Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Ames Research Center (ARC), providing high-level interoperability between those platforms. DDS is used as the middleware for data transfer. The feature set of the middleware heavily influences the design decision made in the RAPID specification. So it is appropriate to discuss both in this introductory talk.

Utz, Hans Heinrich↗

BASIN-3D Data Integration for Selected ARM Data Field Campaign Report

The purpose of this data services request was to demonstrate integration of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility’s “met” datastreams with time series data from other earth science data sources using the BASIN-3D data synthesis software tool. BASIN-3D is an open-source Python library that enables researchers to integrate data across configured public and private data sources. It provides a common query language for researchers to request measurement locations and time series data based on specified locations, variables, time period, statistics, aggregation, and data quality. BASIN-3D acquires the data that match the query from each configured data source and translates the results into harmonized vocabularies, thus reducing researchers' data-wrangling effort. In addition, because the queries are executed on demand, researchers can easily regenerate their synthesized data sets as new data and/or data updates become available, eliminating one-off data products. BASIN-3D can output data using a variety of different data structures for end-user applications including Python pandas data frames and hdf5 output formats.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Core Recursive Hierarchical Image Segmentation

The Recursive Hierarchical Image Segmentation (RHSEG) software has been repackaged to provide a version of the RHSEG software that is not subject to patent restrictions and that can be released to the general public through NASA GSFC's Open Source release process. Like the Core HSEG Software Package, this Core RHSEG Software Package also includes a visualization program called HSEGViewer along with a utility program HSEGReader. It also includes an additional utility program called HSEGExtract. The unique feature of the Core RHSEG package is that it is a repackaging of the RHSEG technology designed to specifically avoid the inclusion of the certain software technology. Unlike the Core HSEG package, it includes the recursive portions of the technology, but does not include processing window artifact elimination technology.

Tilton, James↗

Landslide Mapping Using Object-Based Image Analysis and Open Source Tools

Availability of high-resolution optical imagery and advances in image processing technologies have significantly improved our ability to map landslides. In recent years object-based image analysis (OBIA) has been gaining in popularity for landslide mapping due to its ability to incorporate spectral, textural, morphological and topographical properties. Many studies have been conducted based on commercial software. In this study, we create an open source Semi-Automatic Landslide Detection (SALaD) system utilizing OBIA and machine learning. Configured to run in Linux environment, it uses various opensource Python packages and modules. This system was tested in 575 km2 area along the Pasang Lhamu Highway, Nepal where large numbers of landslides were triggered by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Comparison with a manual inventory highlighted that this system was able to detect 70% of the landslide area. The speed and efficiency with which this system was able to detect landslides makes it a viable alternative to manual techniques for landslide mapping over large areas, when establishing approximate landslide locations is of prime importance.

Open source↗

World Wind Tools Reveal Environmental Change

Originally developed under NASA's Learning Technologies program as a tool to engage and inspire students, World Wind software was released under the NASA Open Source Agreement license. Honolulu, Hawaii based Intelesense Technologies is one of the companies currently making use of the technology for environmental, public health, and other monitoring applications for nonprofit organizations and Government agencies. The company saved about $1 million in development costs by using the NASA software.

Source record↗

Building Maps for Terrain Relative Navigation Using Blender: An Open-Source Approach

A persistent challenge for vision-based navigation systems that compare imagery to a reference map is generating high quality maps with similar lighting conditions. Image rendering software can be used to apply variable lighting to reference maps or to generate synthetic imagery for test trajectories. While many image rendering software packages are available, with several developed specifically for spaceflight applications, there are often limitations due to cost, image fidelity, or flexibility. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of an open-source image rendering software, Blender, for use in Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) applications. A scene in Blender was generated based on elevation data and satellite imagery of the region of West Texas used by Blue Origin for the operation of their New Shepard suborbital rocket. The Blender scene was validated by reproducing imagery collected during a flight of New Shepard in October 2020 and was further used to generate reference maps for use by a TRN algorithm on a subsequent New Shepard flight in August 2021. The work was performed under the NASA Safe and Precise Landing Integrated Capabilities Evolution (SPLICE) project, which is focused on technology advancement for precision landing and hazard avoidance. This work aims to lower the cost of entry and generally promote the adoption and advancement of vision-based navigation technologies.

Kyle W Smith↗

Access Control of Web- and Java-Based Applications

Cybersecurity has become a great concern as threats of service interruption, unauthorized access, stealing and altering of information, and spreading of viruses have become more prevalent and serious. Application layer access control of applications is a critical component in the overall security solution that also includes encryption, firewalls, virtual private networks, antivirus, and intrusion detection. An access control solution, based on an open-source access manager augmented with custom software components, was developed to provide protection to both Web-based and Javabased client and server applications. The DISA Security Service (DISA-SS) provides common access control capabilities for AMMOS software applications through a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) and network- accessible security services for authentication, single sign-on, authorization checking, and authorization policy management. The OpenAM access management technology designed for Web applications can be extended to meet the needs of Java thick clients and stand alone servers that are commonly used in the JPL AMMOS environment. The DISA-SS reusable components have greatly reduced the effort for each AMMOS subsystem to develop its own access control strategy. The novelty of this work is that it leverages an open-source access management product that was designed for Webbased applications to provide access control for Java thick clients and Java standalone servers. Thick clients and standalone servers are still commonly used in businesses and government, especially for applications that require rich graphical user interfaces and high-performance visualization that cannot be met by thin clients running on Web browsers

Tso, Kam S.↗

Frame Decoder for Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

GNU Radio is a free and open source development toolkit that provides signal processing to implement software radios. It can be used with low-cost external RF hardware to create software defined radios, or without hardware in a simulation-like environment. GNU Radio applications are primarily written in Python and C++. The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) is a computer-hosted software radio designed by Ettus Research. The USRP connects to a host computer via high-speed Gigabit Ethernet. Using the open source Universal Hardware Driver (UHD), we can run GNU Radio applications using the USRP. An SDR is a "radio in which some or all physical layer functions are software defined"(IEEE Definition). A radio is any kind of device that wirelessly transmits or receives radio frequency (RF) signals in the radio frequency. An SDR is a radio communication system where components that have been typically implemented in hardware are implemented in software. GNU Radio has a generic packet decoder block that is not optimized for CCSDS frames. Using this generic packet decoder will add bytes to the CCSDS frames and will not permit for bit error correction using Reed-Solomon. The CCSDS frames consist of 256 bytes, including a 32-bit sync marker (0x1ACFFC1D). This frames are generated by the Space Data Processor and GNU Radio will perform the modulation and framing operations, including frame synchronization.

Reyes, Miguel A. De Jesus↗