Inertia and energy effects in the developing gas film between two parallel flat plates.
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Elrod, H. G.↗
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Numerical computation of the hypersonic rarefied flow near the sharp leading edge of a flat plate.
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Tannehill, J. C.↗
Compressive buckling analysis and design of stiffened flat plates with multilayered composite reinforcement.
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Viswanathan, A. V.↗
Flat plate collector performance determined experimentally with a solar simulator
The NASA is constructing a new office building at Langley Research Center that will utilize solar energy for heating and cooling. A collector technology program being conducted at Lewis will provide the basis for selecting collectors for use at Langley. The technology program includes testing collectors in an indoor facility under simulated solar radiation. Tests have been conducted on five collectors to date and performance data are presented herein.
Vernon, R. W.↗
Flat-plate collector performance determined experimentally with a solar simulator
The NASA is constructing a new office building at Langley Research Center that will utilize solar energy for heating and cooling. A collector technology program is described which includes testing collectors in an indoor facility under simulated solar radiation. Tests have been conducted on five collectors to date and performance data are presented. The collector performance obtained with the solar simulator will be correlated with data obtained by conducting tests outdoors at Lewis.
Vernon, R. W.↗
Comparative performance of twenty-three types of flat plate solar energy collectors
Report compares efficiencies of 23 solar collectors for four different purposes: operating a Rankine-cycle engine, heating or absorption air conditioning, heating hot water, and heating a swimming pool.
Simon, F. F.↗
Status of the NASA-Lewis flat-plate collector tests with a solar simulator
Simulator test results of 15 collector types are presented. Collectors are given performance ratings according to their use for pool heating, hot water, absorption A/C or heating, and solar Rankine machines. Collectors found to be good performers in the above categories, except for pool heating, were a black nickel coated, 2 glass collector, and a black paint 2 glass collector containing a mylar honeycomb. For pool heating, a black paint, one glass collector was found to be the best performer. Collector performance parameters of 5 collector types were determined to aid in explaining the factors that govern performance. The two factors that had the greatest effect on collector performance were the collector heat loss and the coating absorptivity.
Simon, F. F.↗
Outdoor flat-plate collector performance prediction from solar simulator test data
Solar collector performance data obtained from tests with a simulator was modified for real-life conditions. The data obtained with the simulator was corrected for the variable conditions of ambient temperature, wind, incident angle, flow rate, etc., that are encountered outdoors. Modification of simulator data was accomplished by combining experiment with theory. The technique was demonstrated by application to a spectrally selective and a nonselective type of collector. This kind of modified simulator collector performance data should be valuable in solar systems analysis and for collector performance ranking based on all-day calculated conditions.
Simon, F. F.↗
Flat-Plate Solar-Collector Performance Evaluation with a Solar Simulator as a Basis for Collector Selection and Performance Prediction
The use of a solar simulator for performance determination permits collector testing under standard conditions of wind, ambient temperature, flow rate and sun. The performance results determined with the simulator have been found to be in good agreement with outdoor performance results. The measured thermal efficiency and evaluation of 23 collectors are reported which differ according to absorber material (copper, aluminum, steel), absorber coating (nonselective black paint, selective copper oxide, selective black nickel, selective black chrome), type of glazing material (glass, Tedlar, Lexan, antireflection glass), the use of honeycomb material and the use of vacuum to prevent thermal convection losses. The collectors were given performance rankings based on noon-hour solar conditions and all-day solar conditions. The determination with the simulator of an all-day collector performance was made possible by tests at different incident angles. The solar performance rankings were made based on whether the collector is to be used for pool heating, hot water, absorption air conditioning, heating, or for a solar Rankine machine.
Simon, F. F.↗
Simple methods for determining the virtual origin of turbulent boundary layers in hypersonic flow on sharp-edged flat plates
Two methods for determining the virtual origin of turbulent boundary layers in hypersonic flow are evaluated. The results of the analyses are restricted to wind-tunnel models having sharp-edged surfaces with zero or small pressure gradients. Virtual origin and skin friction estimates from these two methods are compared with values from a base method for which the virtual origin is calculated from the measured momentum thickness at a station downstream of boundary layer transition.
Hopkins, E. J.↗
Status of the NASA-Lewis flat-plate collector tests with a solar simulator
Simulator test results of 15 collector types are reported. Collectors are given performance ratings according to their use for pool heating, hot water, absorption A/C or heating and solar Rankine machines. Collectors found to be good performers in the above categories, except for pool heating, were a black nickel coated, 2 glass collector, and a black paint 2 glass collector containing a mylar honeycomb. For pool heating, a black paint, one glass collector was found to be the best performer. Collector performance parameters of 5 collector types were determined to aid in explaining the factors that govern performance. The two factors that had the greatest effect on collector performance were the collector heat loss and the coating absorptivity.
Simon, F. F.↗
Outdoor flat-plate collector performance prediction from solar simulator test data
This paper describes how collector performance obtained from test data with a simulator can be modified for real-life conditions. The approach taken is to correct the performance data obtained with the simulator for the variable conditions of ambient temperature, wind, incident angle, flow rate, etc., that are encountered in outdoor conditions. Modification of simulator data is accomplished by combining experiment with theory. The technique is demonstrated by application to a spectrally selective and a nonselective type of collector. This kind of modified simulator collector performance data should be valuable in solar systems analyses and for collector performance ranking based on all-day calculated conditions.
Simon, F. F.↗
Flat-plate solar-collector performance evaluation with a solar simulator as a basis for collector selection and performance prediction
This paper reports the measured thermal efficiency and evaluation of 23 collectors which differ according to absorber material (copper, aluminum, steel), absorber coating (nonselective black paint, selective copper oxide, selective black nickel, selective black chrome), type of glazing material (glass, Tedlar, Lexan, anti-reflection glass), the use of honeycomb material and the use of vacuum to prevent thermal convection losses. The collectors are given performance rankings based on noon-hour solar conditions and all-day solar conditions. The determination with the simulator of an all-day collector performance is made possible by tests at different incident angles. The solar performance rankings are made based on whether the collector is to be used for pool heating, hot water, absorption air conditioning, heating, or for a solar Rankine machine.
Simon, F. F.↗
A generalized correlation of experimental flat-plate collector performance
A generalized collector performance correlation was derived and shown by experimental verification to be of the proper form to account for the majority of the variable conditions encountered both in outdoor and in indoor collector tests. This correlation permits a determination of collector parameters which are essentially nonvarying under conditions which do vary randomly (outdoors) or conditions which vary in a controlled manner (indoors - simulator). It was shown that correlation of the experimental performance of collectors allows the following: (1) comparisons of different collector designs; (2) collector performance prediction under conditions that differ from the conditions of the test program; and (3) monitoring performance degradation effects.
Simon, F. F.↗
Heat-flux gage measurements on a flat plate at a Mach number of 4.6 in the VSD high speed wind tunnel, a feasibility test (LA28)
The feasibility of employing thin-film heat-flux gages was studied as a method of defining boundary layer characteristics at supersonic speeds in a high speed blowdown wind tunnel. Flow visualization techniques (using oil) were employed. Tabulated data (computer printouts), a test facility description, and photographs of test equipment are given.
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Standardized performance tests of collectors of solar thermal energy: Revere flat-plate collector with two transparent covers
Basic test results of a solar energy collector that were determined in a solar simulator were presented.
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"Tubless" flat-plate solar collector
Solar collector utilizing spray system, effectively removes heat from absorber plates without use of tubing or channeling.
Zeldin, B.↗
Evaluation of flat-plate collector efficiency under controlled conditions in a solar simulator
The measured thermal efficiencies of 35 collectors tested with a solar simulator, along with the correlation equations used to generalize the data, are presented. The single correlation used is shown to apply to all the different types of collectors tested, including one with black paint and one cover, one with a selective surface coating and two covers, and an evacuated-tube collector. The test and correlation technique is also modified by using a shield so that collectors larger than the simulator test area can also be tested. This technique was verified experimentally for a shielded collector for which the collector shielded area was 31% of the solar simulator radiation area. A table lists all the collectors tested, the collector areas, and the experimental constants used to correlate the data for each collector.
Johnson, S. M.↗