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DOE OSTI2016

MO-DE-BRA-03: The Ottawa Medical Physics Institute (OMPI): A Practical Model for Academic Program Collaboration in a Multi-Centre City

Purpose: To build a world-class medical physics educational program that capitalizes on expertise distributed over several clinical, government, and academic centres. Few if any of these centres would have the critical mass to solely resource a program. Methods: In order to enable an academic program, stakeholders from five institutions made a proposal to Carleton University for a) a research network with defined membership requirements and a process for accepting new members, and b) a graduate specialization (MSc and PhD) in medical physics. Both proposals were accepted and the program has grown steadily. Our courses are taught by medical physicists from across the collaboration. Our students have access to physicists in: clinical radiotherapy (the Ottawa Cancer Centre treats 4500 new patients/y), radiology, cardiology and nuclear medicine, Canada’s primary standards dosimetry laboratory, radiobiology, and university-based medical physics research. Our graduate courses emphasize the foundational physics plus applied aspects of imaging, radiotherapy, and radiobiology. Active researchers in the city-wide volunteer-run network are appointed as adjunct professors by Physics, giving them access to national funding competitions and partial student funding through teaching assistantships while opening up facilities in their institutions for student thesis research. Results: The medical physics network has grown to ∼40 members from eight institutions and includes five full-time faculty in Physics and 17 adjunct research professors. The graduate student population is ∼20. Our graduates have proceeded to a spectrum of careers. Our alumni list includes a CCPM Past-President, the current COMP President, many clinical physicists, and the heads of at least three major clinical medical physics departments. Our PhD was Ontario’s first CAMPEP-accredited program. Conclusion: A self-governing volunteer network is the foundational element that enables an MSc/PhD medical physics program in a city with multiple physicist employers. It enriches graduate education with an unusually broad range of expertise.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗

DOE OSTI2017

Cache Locality Optimization for Recursive Programs

We present an approach to optimize the cache locality for recursive programs by dynamically splicing--recursively interleaving--the execution of distinct function invocations. By utilizing data effect annotations, we identify concurrency and data reuse opportunities across function invocations and interleave them to reduce reuse distance. We present algorithms that efficiently track effects in recursive programs, detect interference and dependencies, and interleave execution of function invocations using user-level (non-kernel) lightweight threads. To enable multi-core execution, a program is parallelized using a nested fork/join programming model. Our cache optimization strategy is designed to work in the context of a random work stealing scheduler. We present an implementation using the MIT Cilk framework that demonstrates significant improvements in sequential and parallel performance, competitive with a state-of-the-art compile-time optimizer for loop programs and a domain- specific optimizer for stencil programs.

Lifflander, Jonathan↗

DOE OSTI2019

Evaluating the effectiveness of program data features for guiding memory management

Recent trends have led to the adoption of larger and more complex memory systems, often with multiple tiers of memory performance within the same platform. To utilize complex memory systems efficiently, current data management strategies must be altered to map usage demands to the underlying hardware. Applications, as the generators of memory accesses, are well-suited to guide this process, but building and maintaining separate source code versions for different memory systems is not feasible in most cases. One potential solution is to employ automated program profiling and analysis to facilitate the production of application-based guidance. By attaching memory usage information to static or lightweight program features, compilers and runtime systems can generate fine-grained guidance without additional efforts from users or developers. Recent works have employed this approach with some success, but it is not clear which program features are most useful for guiding data management.This work evaluates the effectiveness of using different program data features to predict memory usage and guide memory management. It employs a custom set of simulation tools, based in the Intel® Pin framework, to collect and analyze the usage characteristics of application data associated with common program data features, such as allocation sites, types, and context. The results show that even relatively simple features, such as object size, are useful for selecting data with similar usage properties, but finer-grained features, such as the instructions that access a particular object, are often much more effective. Additionally, this work evaluates the performance of using different data features and different program inputs to guide data placement on a heterogeneous memory platform with a limited amount of high performance memory.

Effler, T. Chad↗

DOE OSTI2025

Business Models for Scaling Demand Flexibility Volume II – Customer relationship management strategies, challenges, and lessons learned from U.S. programs

Load growth at the grid edge is driving increased attention to the distribution system and its ability to enable customer technology adoption in an affordable and timely manner. Key industry stakeholders, including electric utilities and regulators, can benefit from strategies to manage and balance customer needs with infrastructure investments, such as demand flexibility. This report focuses on demand flexibility—the ability to reduce, shift, shed, generate, or modulate loads in response to building and grid needs—to reduce the need for costly grid upgrades by deferring investment needs and increase system reliability by shifting electricity usage during periods of high risk. Specifically, we focus on the emerging characteristics of business models for demand flexibility as a framework to understand how demand flexibility programs generate value. In this report, we focus on demand flexibility program customer relationship management strategies, which provide information on value creation and focus on ensuring customers can navigate programs smoothly. This report discusses the role of customer relationship management strategies in demand flexibility programs, characterizes customer relationship management strategies that can be considered during program design and implementation, identifies existing challenges to customer relationship management strategies, and describes lessons learned. This report is part of a series that includes reports on value propositions, stakeholder ecosystem management, and program life cycle.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2011

Sandia National Laboratories, California Environmental Monitoring Program annual report for 2011.

The annual program report provides detailed information about all aspects of the SNL/California Environmental Monitoring Program. It functions as supporting documentation to the SNL/California Environmental Management System Program Manual. The 2010 program report describes the activities undertaken during the previous year, and activities planned in future years to implement the Environmental Monitoring Program, one of six programs that supports environmental management at SNL/California.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2011

2010 Annual Progress Report: DOE Hydrogen Program

In the past year, the DOE Hydrogen Program (the Program) made substantial progress toward its goals and objectives. The Program has conducted comprehensive and focused efforts to enable the widespread commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in diverse sectors of the economy. With emphasis on applications that will effectively strengthen our nation's energy security and improveour stewardship of the environment, the Program engages in research, development, and demonstration of critical improvements in the technologies. Highlights of the Program's accomplishments can be found in the sub-program chapters of this report.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2010

HUD PowerSaver Pilot Loan Program

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) recently announced the creation of a pilot loan program for home energy improvements. The PowerSaver loan program is a new, energy-focused variant of the Title I Property Improvement Loan Insurance Program (Title I Program) and is planned for introduction in early 2011. The PowerSaver pilot will provide lender insurance for secured and unsecured loans up to $25,000 to single family homeowners. These loans will specifically target residential energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements. HUD estimates the two-year pilot will fund approximately 24,000 loans worth up to $300 million; the program is not capped. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), HUD's mortgage insurance unit, will provide up to $25 million in grants as incentives to participating lenders. FHA is seeking lenders in communities with existing programs for promoting residential energy upgrades.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2011

2011 Annual Progress Report: DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program (Book)

In the past year, the DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program (the Program) made substantial progress toward its goals and objectives. The Program has conducted comprehensive and focused efforts to enable the widespread commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in diverse sectors of the economy. With emphasis on applications that will effectively strengthen our nation's energy securityand improve our stewardship of the environment, the Program engages in research, development, and demonstration of critical improvements in the technologies. Highlights of the Program's accomplishments can be found in the sub-program chapters of this report.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

DOE OSTI2012

Sandia National Laboratories, California Waste Management Program annual report

The annual program report provides detailed information about all aspects of the Sandia National Laboratories, California (SNL/CA) Waste Management Program. It functions as supporting documentation to the SNL/CA Environmental Management System Program Manual. This annual program report describes the activities undertaken during the past year, and activities planned in future years to implement the Waste Management (WM) Program, one of six programs that supports environmental management at SNL/CA.

Harris, Janet S.↗

DOE OSTI2012

2012 Annual Progress Report: DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program

In the past year, the DOE Hydrogen Program (the Program) made substantial progress toward its goals and objectives. The Program has conducted comprehensive and focused efforts to enable the widespread commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in diverse sectors of the economy. With emphasis on applications that will effectively strengthen our nation's energy security and improve our stewardship of the environment, the Program engages in research, development, and demonstration of critical improvements in the technologies. Highlights of the Program's accomplishments can be found in the sub-program chapters of this report.

02 PETROLEUM↗

DOE OSTI2012

2012 Annual Report Research Reactor Infrastructure Program

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) manages and provides project management, technical support, quality engineering, quality inspection and nuclear material support for the Department of Energy (DOE) Research Reactor Infrastructure Program (RRI). This program provides fresh, unirradiated nuclear reactor fuel for United States domestic University Test, Research and Training Reactor Programs. The two fuel types fabricated for the program, plate fuel and Training, Research, Isotope Production, General Atomics (TRIGA) fuel are obtained through subcontracts with two fuel fabricators, Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Operations Group (B&W) and TRIGA International (TI). Respectively, these subcontractors fabricate high and low enriched uranium aluminide, silicide and TRIGA fuel on a recurring basis. The program is also responsible for funding the return of the DOE-owned, irradiated nuclear fuel over the life of the program.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2013

Argonne National Laboratory Annual Report of Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program Activities FY 2012

Our plans to upgrade the Advanced Photon Source are proceeding on schedule, and we hope to receive CD-2 approval sometime in spring 2013. When complete, the APS Upgrade will equip this vital facility for continued scientific leadership in the 21st century, providing the 5,000-plus members of our user community with greatly increased time, energy and spatial resolution. We also have successfully installed “Mira,” the new IBM Blue Gene/Q system at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. The world’s fourth-fastest supercomputer, Mira is now providing leading-edge computational power across all scientific disciplines. I am also pleased to report that Argonne’s new Energy Sciences Building is proceeding on schedule; we expect it to be finished and ready for occupancy by June 30, 2013. When complete, the ESB will be one of the most modern and most flexible energy labs in the world, creating a new home for researchers focused on a wide range of energy science challenges. Research is under way at the new multidisciplinary Institute for Molecular Engineering (IME), a joint program of the University of Chicago and Argonne. Over the past year, four new faculty members, including IME’s director, – all pre-eminent researchers who hold joint appointments at Argonne – have joined the IME. We look forward to working in collaboration with the IME to find new ways to address the interfaces between molecular-level science and powerful new technologies. In FY 2012, we continued support for the final year of the “Beyond Lithium-Ion” Director’s Grand Challenge LDRD project. That project enabled significant work on the performance of lithium-based energy storage systems, pointing the way to new high-energy-density lithium-air batteries. I believe this Grand Challenge contributed significantly to our successful bid to win designation of the Argonne-based Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) as the DOE’s new Batteries and Energy Storage Hub. JCESR, which brings together a world-class “dream team” of national laboratories, universities and private sector partners, strongly benefited from LDRD program investments, both in FY2012 and in previous years. As we move forward in FY2013, the Director’s Grand Challenge is now focused on new ways to address the challenges of “big data” – the acquisition, storage, transfer, and analysis of both experimental and simulated data at scales approaching the limits of our current computational capacities. In managing Argonne’s LDRD program, we have adhered to the requirements of DOE Order 413.2b and associated guidelines. Our program management continually strives for increased efficiency. In addition to meeting all reporting requirements during FY 2012, our LDRD Program Office continues to implement intranet-based process enhancements to better serve all LDRD stakeholders, including our DOE Site Office colleagues. As the following individual project reports demonstrate, Argonne’s researchers are pursuing projects at the leading edge of science and engineering, and making significant contributions to the advancement of our laboratory’s major strategic initiatives. Evidence of the continuing strength of this program is found in the follow-on sponsorship won by many of these research projects, as well as in the numbers of publications, invited presentations, inventions, and new staff hires that are direct results of LDRD. LDRD enables exploration of new scientific directions and makes it possible to adapt quickly to a changing landscape with unexpected opportunities, while enhancing the capabilities of our researchers and our scientific facilities. For these reasons, LDRD remains an invaluable resource to address the future science and technology needs of DOE, and of our nation.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

DOE OSTI2012

A Variable Grid FDM Technique for Treating Solid-Liquid and Solid-Air Boundaries in Wave Propagation Modeling of Elastic Waves. Task 2, Computer Program

In Task1 we explained the layout of the staggered grid adopted in the UL0_2.4 a finite difference computer program developed by Pitarka (1996,1999). The objective of the second task is to modify the UL0_2.4 program in order to extend its application to computing elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous structures with irregular surface topography and solid-liquid boundaries. The new program UL0_2.4W preserves the structure and variable-grid finite-difference technique used in the original computer program. The list of computer programs for running the FD code, and programs for post processing the output data is given in the Appendix.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2012

Second Line of Defense Spares Program

During Fiscal Year 2012, a team from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted an assessment and analysis of the Second Line of Defense (SLD) Sustainability spare parts program. Spare parts management touches many aspects of the SLD Sustainability Program including contracting and integration of Local Maintenance Providers (LMP), equipment vendors, analyses and metrics on program performance, system state of health, and maintenance practices. Standardized spares management will provide better data for decisions during site transition phase and will facilitate transition to host country sustainability ownership. The effort was coordinated with related SLD Sustainability Program initiatives, including a configuration items baselining initiative, a metrics initiative, and a maintenance initiative. The spares study has also led to pilot programs for sourcing alternatives that include regional intermediate inventories and partnering agreements that leverage existing supply chains. Many partners from the SLD Sustainability program contributed to and were consulted in the course of the study. This document provides a description of the findings, recommendations, and implemented solutions that have resulted from the study.

Henderson, Dale L.↗

DOE OSTI2011

Sandia National Laboratories California Waste Management Program Annual Report April 2011

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2013

Preliminary Assessment of the Hanford Tank Waste Feed Acceptance and Product Qualification Programs

The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (EM) is engaging the national laboratories to provide the scientific and technological rigor to support EM program and project planning, technology development and deployment, project execution, and assessment of program outcomes. As an early demonstration of this new responsibility, Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have been chartered to implement a science and technology program addressing Hanford Tank waste feed acceptance and product qualification. As a first step, the laboratories examined the technical risks and uncertainties associated with the planned waste feed acceptance and qualification testing for Hanford tank wastes. Science and technology gaps were identified for work associated with 1) feed criteria development with emphasis on identifying the feed properties and the process requirements, 2) the Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) process qualification program, and 3) the WTP HLW glass product qualification program. Opportunities for streamlining the accetpance and qualification programs were also considered in the gap assessment. Technical approaches to address the science and technology gaps and/or implement the opportunities were identified. These approaches will be further refined and developed as strong integrated teams of researchers from national laboratories, contractors, industry, and academia are brought together to provide the best science and technology solutions. Pursuing the identified approaches will have immediate and long-term benefits to DOE in reducing risks and uncertainties associated with tank waste removal and preparation, transfers from the tank farm to the WTP, processing within the WTP Pretreatment Facility, and in producing qualified HLW glass products. Additionally, implementation of the identified opportunities provides the potential for long-term cost savings given the anticipated facility life of WTP.

HLW glass product qualification↗

DOE OSTI2011

ORNLs Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2010 Annual Report

The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reports its status to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in March of each year. The program operates under the authority of DOE Order 413.2B, “Laboratory Directed Research and Development” (April 19, 2006), which establishes DOE’s requirements for the program while providing the Laboratory Director broad flexibility for program implementation. LDRD funds are obtained through a charge to all Laboratory programs. This report includes summaries of all ORNL LDRD research activities supported during FY 2010. The associated FY 2010 ORNL LDRD Self-Assessment (ORNL/PPA-2011/2) provides financial data and an internal evaluation of the program’s management process.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2012

ORNLs Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (FY 2011 Annual Report)

The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reports its status to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in March of each year. The program operates under the authority of DOE Order 413.2B, “Laboratory Directed Research and Development” (April 19, 2006), which establishes DOE’s requirements for the program while providing the Laboratory Director broad flexibility for program implementation. LDRD funds are obtained through a charge to all Laboratory programs. This report includes summaries of all ORNL LDRD research activities supported during FY 2011. The associated FY 2011 ORNL LDRD Self-Assessment (ORNL/PPA-2012/2) provides financial data and an internal evaluation of the program’s management process.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗