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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Development of a simplified calibrated building simulation model of a supermarket for proposed ECMs and control strategies impact evaluation

Calibrated building energy simulation is an important pathway to more energy-efficient buildings, but the information requirements of some approaches to this problem are significant. This is particularly true for supermarkets and other so-called “big-box” retail stores. Another characteristic of supermarkets is the significant interaction between Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and refrigeration systems in these buildings. These buildings could contain a wide variety of systems and a degree of load diversity that makes calibrated modeling a challenge. This paper describes a simplified approach that uses OpenStudio and EnergyPlus to combine known building parameters with “typical” parameters, resulting in a simplified building that is amenable to calibration. This approach was applied to a big-box store located in Nashville, Tennessee, and a calibrated model was obtained that was used to study potential energy conservation measures. Further, the paper also explores the capabilities of whole-building energy modeling tools, such as EnergyPlus, for modeling the HVAC controls and sequences and their impact evaluation. Although some measures are precluded by the model simplicity, several measures were found to improve the efficiency of the model and demonstrate that the simplified modeling approach is effective. Practical Application: This paper introduces a hybrid approach of building energy model calibration using limited information available from the actual building in combination with characteristics of a “typical” building of the same type. This hybrid approach would also be applicable for other building types than discussed in this paper to calibrate the building energy model using limited information from the actual building.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Investigation of Proposed Ladderane Biosynthetic Genes from Anammox Bacteria by Heterologous Expression in E. coli

Ladderanes are hydrocarbon chains with three or five linearly concatenated cyclobutane rings that are uniquely produced as membrane lipid components by anammox (anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing) bacteria. By virtue of their angle and torsional strain, ladderanes are unusually energetic compounds, and if produced biochemically by engineered microbes, could serve as renewable, high-energy-density jet fuel components. The biochemistry and genetics underlying the ladderane biosynthetic pathway are unknown, however, previous studies have identified a pool of 34 candidate genes from the anammox bacterium, Kuenenia stuttgartiensis , some or all of which may be involved with ladderane fatty acid biosynthesis. The goal of the present study was to establish a systematic means of testing the candidate genes from K. stuttgartiensis for involvement in ladderane biosynthesis through heterologous expression in E. coli under anaerobic conditions. This study describes an efficient means of assembly of synthesized, codon-optimized candidate ladderane biosynthesis genes in synthetic operons that allows for changes to regulatory element sequences, as well as modular assembly of multiple operons for simultaneous heterologous expression in E. coli (or potentially other microbial hosts). We also describe in vivo functional tests of putative anammox homologs of the phytoene desaturase CrtI, which plays an important role in the hypothesized ladderane pathway, and a method for soluble purification of one of these enzymes. This study is, to our knowledge, the first experimental effort focusing on the role of specific anammox genes in the production of ladderanes, and lays the foundation for future efforts toward determination of the ladderane biosynthetic pathway. Our substantial, but far from comprehensive, efforts at elucidating the ladderane biosynthetic pathway were not successful. We invite the scientific community to take advantage of the considerable synthetic biology resources and experimental results developed in this study to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway that produces unique and intriguing ladderane lipids.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Proposed Longitudinal Profile Diagnostics for Optical Stochastic Cooling of Stored Electrons in the IOTA Ring

One of the predicted signatures of successful optical stochastic cooling (OSC) in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring is reduction of the bunch length. The IOTA OSC experiment is designed for a low nominal beam current (~0.1 microAmps of 100-MeV electrons) to reduce intrabeam scattering (IBS), and during cooling, OSC is expected to reduce the bunch length from ~200 ps to ~130 ps*. These equilibrium bunch lengths can be measured using a streak camera and the optical synchrotron radiation (OSR) generated in a ring dipole by the circulating beam. A similar measurement was previously performed at the Advanced Photon Source with a Hamamatsu C5680 synchroscan streak camera operating at 117.3 MHz**. In this case, synchronous summing of OSR resulted in a bunch length measurement of 276 ± 30 ps using only 57 electrons circulating at 425 MeV. At IOTA, an existing streak camera has been modified to operate at the 11th harmonic of the ring’s revolution frequency of 7.50 MHz and has been installed on an OSR port in support of the OSC experiments. The integrated system will have sufficient sensitivity and resolution for measuring the evolution and equilibrium values of the bunch length during OSC experiments.

Lumpkin, Alex H.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proposal for a proton-bunch compression experiment at IOTA in the strong space-charge regime

The longitudinal compression of intense proton bunches with strong space-charge force is an essential component of a proton-based muon source for a muon collider. This paper discusses a proton-bunch compression experiment at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab to explore optimal radio frequency (RF) cavity and lattice configurations. IOTA is a compact fixed-energy storage ring that can circulate a 2.5-MeV proton beam with varying beam parameters and lattice configurations. The study will aim to demonstrate a bunch-compression factor of at least 2 in the IOTA ring while examining the impact of intense space-charge effects on the compression process.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proposed muon collider R&D at SNS

Generation of a muon beam at a Muon Collider requires relatively short, high-charge proton bunches. They are produced in a high-average-power proton driver by first accumulating a proton beam from a super-conducting linac, then bunching the beam and finally compressing and combining the bunches into a single high-intensity proton pulse. All of these beam formation stages involve handling of unprecedentedly high beam charges. Validation of these intricate beam manipulations requires better understanding of extreme space-charge effects and experimental demonstration. A facility perhaps most closely resembling the proton driver configuration and beam parameters is the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Considering the energy scaling of the space-charge parameters, many of the beam formation steps planned for the proton driver can be experimentally checked at the SNS at the relevant space-charge interaction levels. This paper discusses potential proton driver and other muon-collider-related R\&D at the SNS.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Development of Database of SFL2a Signals for Neutron Generator Techniques Proposed for Integration

The Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI), Office of Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has sponsored a multi-laboratory, university, international partner collaboration to (1) quantify the plutonium (Pu) mass of a spent fuel assembly, (2) detect partial defects in assemblies, and (3) verify the initial enrichment (IE), burnup (BU) and cooling time (CT) of an assembly. A wide variety of nondestructive assay (NDA) techniques were researched to achieve these goals [Ref. 1 and 2]. A subset of 5 NDA techniques involving passive counting and/or a neutron generator were researched for integration potential with the focus on the first of the three goals, quantifying Pu mass.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2013

FY2014 NSR&D Special Funding Proposals Selected by LANL for Submission to the NNSA NSR&D Working Group

The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has partnered with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and B & W Pantex on a Nuclear Safety Research & Development (NSR&D) project for the purpose of developing a common Quantification of Margin and Uncertainty (QMU) methodology. The resultant methodology will enhance the safety posture of nuclear explosive operations at the Pantex plant. Specific benefits of QMU based methods include: (a) reduced uncertainties in current nuclear safety analyses; (b) increased predictable accuracy in the selection of engineering or administrative controls; (c) identification of new hazards, accident scenarios and risks associated with the assembly/disassembly of weapon components; and (d) improved reliability and transparency in the reporting of weapon response information. Additionally, it is expected that this effort will extend the state of the art in QMU methodological development for a wide variety of applications in the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) complex.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Experimental Report: ORNL Proposal ID IPTS 8937

Neutron scattering experiment was performed using fine-resolution Fermi chopper spectrometer “SEQUOIA” installed at the Spallation Neutron Source, ORNL. Although this spectrometer is designed to measure inelastic neutron scattering spectra, during experiments a signal of elastic scattering is also recorded. The coherent nuclear component of this elastic scattering provides Bragg diffraction pattern of a sample, i.e., CeNi single crystal in our case. Therefore, it is possible to follow the CeNi structural variations as a function of pressure and to register structural phase transition. Measurements were performed at the temperature of 15 K under pressure of zero (ambient pressure at 15 K), 400, 800, and 2200 bars.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Population Sensitivity Evaluation of Two Proposed Hampton Roads Area Sites for a Possible Small Modular Reactor

The overall objective of this research project is to use the OR-SAGE tool to support the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) in evaluating future electrical generation deployment options for small modular reactors (SMRs) in areas with significant energy demand from the federal sector. Deployment of SMRs in zones with high federal energy use can provide a means of meeting federal clean energy goals.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Proposing an Abstracted Interface and Protocol for Computer Systems

While it made sense for historical reasons to develop different interfaces and protocols for memory channels, CPU to CPU interactions, and I/O devices, ongoing developments in the computer industry are leading to more converged requirements and physical implementations for these interconnects. As it becomes increasingly common for advanced components to contain a variety of computational devices as well as memory, the distinction between processors, memory, accelerators, and I/O devices becomes increasingly blurred. As a result, the interface requirements among such components are converging. There is also a wide range of new disruptive technologies that will impact the computer market in the coming years, including 3D integration and emerging NVRAM memory. Optimal exploitation of these technologies cannot be done with the existing memory, storage, and I/O interface standards. The computer industry has historically made major advances when industry players have been able to add innovation behind a standard interface. The standard interface provides a large market for their products and enables relatively quick and widespread adoption. To enable a new wave of innovation in the form of advanced memory products and accelerators, we need a new standard interface explicitly designed to provide both the performance and flexibility to support new system integration solutions

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Proposing an Abstracted Interface and Protocol for Computer Systems

While it made sense for historical reasons to develop different interfaces and protocols for memory channels, CPU to CPU interactions, and I/O devices, ongoing developments in the computer industry are leading to more converged requirements and physical implementations for these interconnects. As it becomes increasingly common for advanced components to contain a variety of computational devices as well as memory, the distinction between processors, memory, accelerators, and I/O devices become s increasingly blurred. As a result, the interface requirements among such components are converging. There is also a wide range of new disruptive technologies that will impact the computer market in the coming years , including 3D integration and emerging NVRAM memory. Optimal exploitation of these technologies cannot be done with the existing memory, storage, and I/O interface standards. The computer industry has historically made major advances when industry players have been able to add innovation behind a standard interface. The standard interface provides a large market for their products and enables relatively quick and widespread adoption. To enable a new wave of innovation in the form of advanced memory products and accelerators, we need a new standard interface explicitly designed to provide both the performance and flexibility to support new system integration solutions.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Evaluation of New and Proposed Organic Aerosol Sources and Mechanisms using the Aerosol Modeling Testbed: MILAGRO, CARES, CalNex, BEACHON, and GVAX

This work investigated the formation and evolution of organic aerosols (OA) arising from anthropogenic and biogenic sources in a framework that combined state-of-the-science process and regional modeling, and their evaluation against advanced and emerging field measurements. Although OA are the dominant constituents of submicron particles, our understanding of their atmospheric lifecycle is limited, and current models fail to describe the observed amounts and properties of chemically formed secondary organic aerosols (SOA), leaving large uncertainties on the effects of SOA on climate. Our work has provided novel modeling constraints on sources, formation, aging and removal of SOA by investigating in particular (i) the contribution of trash burning emissions to OA levels in a megacity, (ii) the contribution of glyoxal to SOA formation in aqueous particles in California during CARES/CalNex and over the continental U.S., (iii) SOA formation and regional growth over a pine forest in Colorado and its sensitivity to anthropogenic NOx levels during BEACHON, and the sensitivity of SOA to (iv) the sunlight exposure during its atmospheric lifetime, and to (v) changes in solubility and removal of organic vapors in the urban plume (MILAGRO, Mexico City), and over the continental U.S.. We have also developed a parameterization of water solubility for condensable organic gases produced from major anthropogenic and biogenic precursors based on explicit chemical modeling, and made it available to the wider community. This work used for the first time constraints from the explicit model GECKO-A to improve SOA representation in 3D regional models such as WRF-Chem.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

ZFSP Proposal: Understanding the Physics and Chemistry of Iron Alloys relevant to the Conditions of Planetary Cores

Recent research results by the deep-Earth geoscience and astronomy communities have revealed a wealth of interesting and outstanding fundamental science questions about the interiors of terrestrial planets and exoplanets including the origin of the magnetic field in the iron core and its impact on the evolution of life, the alloying of light elements on physics and chemistry of the planet’s dynamic processes, and the discovery of super-rotation and heterogeneous behavior of the inner core. Resolving these questions requires a first-hand experimental database at relevant pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions, but is technically challenging using static diamond anvil cell (DAC) and dynamic shock wave efforts alone, due to their limited P-T conditions and analytical capabilities. However, the recent advent of new capabilities of Sandia’s Z-Machine, coupled with our recent developments in in-situ ellipsometry at the UT Austin and Sandia National Laboratory and first-principles calculations and geodynamic modelling capabilities at UC Berkeley, motivates the joint collaborative effort presented here. In this collaborative research, we will use the capabilities of Sandia’s Z-Machine to investigate the elastic, thermal transport and melting properties of material relevant to both Earth and exoplanets at their relative P-T conditions. Our long-term research goal is to better understand the physics and dynamics of planetary interiors through interdisciplinary collaborations between physicists, mineral physicists, theorists, geodynamicists, and astrophysicists. The conditions in the Earth and super-Earth can range up to ~300-500 GPa and ~5000-8000 K. We will couple these experiments with a unique set of diagnostics, to include a new ellipsometry capability, in order to sensitively measure conductivity of these materials, and phase changes, including melting. Specifically, the newly demonstrated capability of Z to shock materials to a given P-T along the Hugoniot, and then to apply a pressure ramp taking the material along an isentrope, provides a unique opportunity to obtain P-T conditions not accessible by traditional DAC technology, or through shocks simply along the Hugoniot. Our physics team will perform experiments and analyze results to determine the physics underlying iron alloys as high-energy planetary impactors, classic transition metal alloys, and iron-bearing periclase relevant to the interiors of rocky planets, including exoplanets. The experimental results so analyzed will provide data that our collaborative team of mineral physicists, geodynamics, seismologists, and astrophysicists will apply toward obtaining a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical states of the terrestrial planets and exoplanets, including their chemical compositions, thermal transport behavior, origin of magnetic fields, and dynamic evolution of the planet.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗