Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Redshift”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1999

A Highly Doppler Blueshifted Fe-K Emission Line in the High-Redshift QSO PKS 2149-306

We report the results from an ASCA observation of the high-luminosity, radioloud quasar PKS 2149-306 (redshift 2.345), covering the approximately 1.7 - 30 keV band in the quasar-frame. We find the source to have a luminosity of approximately 6 x 10(exp 47) ergs/s in the 2 - 10 keV band (quasar frame). We detect an emission line centered at approximately 17 keV in the quasar frame. Line emission at this energy has not been observed in any other active galaxy or quasar to date. We present evidence rejecting the possibility that this line is the result of instrumental artifacts, or a serendipitous source. The most likely explanation is blueshifted Fe-K emission (the equivalent width, is EW approximately 300 +/- 200 eV, quasar frame). Bulk velocities of the order of 0.75c are implied by the data. We show that Fe-K line photons originating in an accretion disk and Compton-scattering off a leptonic jet aligned along the disk axis can account for the emission line. Curiously. if the emission-line feature recently discovered in another quasar (PKS 0637-752, z = 0.654) at 1.6 keV in the quasar frame, is due to blueshifted OVII emission, the Doppler blueshifting factor in both quasars is similar (approximately 2.7 - 2.8).

Yaqoob, Tahir↗
NASA NTRS1999

Hard X-Ray Detection of the High Redshift Quasar 4C 71.07

BATSE/OSSE observations of the high redshift quasar 4C 71.07 indicate that this is the brightest and furthest AGN so far detected 20 keV. BATSE Earth occultation data have been used to search for emission from 4C 71.07 from nearly 3 years of observation. The mean source flux over the- whole period in the BATSE energy range 20-100 keV is (13.2 +/- 1.06) x 10(exp -11) erg/square cm/s corresponding to a luminosity of 2 x 10(exp 48 erg/s. The BATSE light curve over the 3 years of observations shows several flare-like events, one of which (in January 1996) is associated with an optical flare (R=16.1) but with a delay of 55 days. The OSSE/BATSE spectral analysis indicates that the source is characterized by a flat power spectrum (Gamma is approximately 1.1- 1.3) when in a low state: this spectral form is consistent within errors with the ASCA and ROSAT spectra. This means that the power law observed from 0.1 to 10 keV extends up to at least 1 MeV but steepens soon after to meet EGRET high energy data. BATSE data taken around the January 1996 flare suggests that the spectrum could be steeper when the source is in a bright state. The upsilon-F-upsilon representation of the source is typical of a low frequency peaked/ gamma- ray dominated blazar, with the synchrotron peak in the mm-FIR band and the Compton peak in the MeV band. The BATSE and OSSE spectral data seem to favour a model in which the high energy - flux is due to the sum of the synchrotron self-Compton and the external Compton contributions: this is also supported by the- variability behaviour of the source.

Malizia, A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Imaging the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect in the High Redshift Galaxy Cluster MS1137+66

We present interferometric measurements of the Sunyaev-Zelldovich Effect (SZE) in MS1137+66, a distant galaxy cluster at a redshift of 0.78. The data were obtained in 1997 and 1998 at the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland millimeter array using sensitive 28.5 GHz receivers optimized for imaging of the SZE, with a total on-source integration time of 87.8 hours. We discuss constraints derived from spherical "beta" model fits to the SZE data, place an upper limit on the strength of any possible radio point sources in the field, and compare the results with the x-ray data published by Donahue et al. in 1999.

Joy, M. K.↗
NASA NTRS2000

High Energy Continuum of High Redshift Quasars

Discussion with the RXTE team at GSFC showed that a sufficiently accurate background subtraction procedure had now, been derived for sources at the flux level of PKS 2126-158. However this solution does not apply to observations carried out before April 1997, including our observation. The prospect of an improved solution becoming available soon is slim. As a result the RXTE team agreed to re-observe PKS2126-158. The new observation was carried out in April 1999. Quasi-simultaneous optical observations were obtained, as Service observing., at the 4-meter Anglo-Australian Telescope, and ftp-ed from the AAT on 22April. The RXTE data was processed in late June, arriving at SAO in early July. Coincidentally, our collaborative Beppo-SAX observation of PKS2126-158 was made later in 1999, and a GTO Chandra observation (with which we are involved) was made on November 16. Since this gives us a unique monitoring data for a high redshift quasar over a broad pass-band we are now combining all three observations into a single comprehensive study Final publication of the RXTE data will thus take place under another grant.

Elvis, Martin↗
NASA NTRS2000

A Detailed Study of Two Optically Selected, High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies

We are obtaining detailed X-ray spectral and structural data for two distant, optically-selected clusters of galaxies which are known X-ray emitters, CL1324+3011 at z = 0.76 and CL,1604+4304 at z = 0.90. These observations will allow us to place accurate constraints on the temperature, surface-brightness profile, and mass fraction of the intracluster medium in rich, optically-selected clusters at very high redshift. The two target clusters are the most well-studied systems at z greater than 0.7 in the optical and infrared regimes; therefore, with the addition of the XMM data, we plan to study the specifies of the relationship between the X-ray and optical properties and their implications for galaxy and cluster evolution.

Lubin, Lori M.↗
NASA NTRS2002

A Detailed Study of Two Optically-Selected, High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies

We are obtaining detailed X-ray spectral and structural data for two distant, optically-selected clusters of galaxies which are known X-ray emitters, CL1324+3011 at z=0.76 and CL1604+4304 at z=0.90. These observations will allow us to place accurate constraints on the temperature, surface-brightness profile, and mass fraction of the intracluster medium in rich, optically-selected clusters at very high redshift. The two target clusters are the most well-studied systems at z greater than 0.7 in the optical and infrared regimes; therefore, with the addition of the XMM data, we plan to study the specifics of the relationship between the X-ray and optical properties and their implications for galaxy and cluster evolution.

Lubin, Lori M.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Spectroscopy of Low to Moderate Redshift Normal and Active Galaxies

Broadband surveys with planned observatories such as SIRTF, ASTRO-F, NGST, Herschel, SMA, and ALMA will provide large samples of dust-enshrouded galaxies undergoing varying proportions of star formation and accretion onto supermassive black holes. Recent evidence suggests that the mass of supermassive central black holes are proportional to central velocity dispersions of their host galaxy bulges, but it is not yet known how these properties are evolutionarily connected. To trace the evolution of these components during the important luminous, dusty merger episodes as a function of redshift, sensitive mid- to far-infrared spectroscopic diagnostic observations from space will be necessary. The high sensitivity and spatial resolution of a large aperture, natural background limited far-infrared/submillimeter telescope such as SAFAIR will allow detection and identification of the far-infrared/submillimeter components of galaxies and of a multitude of rest-frame mid- to far-infrared recombination, fine-structure, and molecular lines toward dusty galactic nuclei. The line diagnostics beginning to be developed from ISO work will help determine important parameters such as the intrinsic spectral energy distribution, ionization parameters, metallicities, densities, extinction to the embedded energy sources, and ultimately the star-formation and accretion rates in these galaxies. Ultimately, the higher spatial resolution provided by a cold, far-infrared submillimeter interferometer is needed to view the distribution of structure in galaxies in order to unravel the as yet untold story of the evolution of galaxies over the lifetime of the Universe.

Fischer, Jacqueline↗
NASA NTRS2004

SIS Mixer Design for a Broadband Millimeter Spectrometer Suitable for Rapid Line Surveys and Redshift Determinations

We present some detail of the waveguide probe and SIS mixer chip designs for a low-noise 180-300 GHz double- sideband receiver with an instantaneous RF bandwidth of 24 GHz. The receiver's single SIS junction is excited by a broadband, fixed-tuned waveguide probe on a silicon substrate. The IF output is coupled to a 6-18 GHz MMIC low- noise preamplifier. Following further amplification, the output is processed by an array of 4 GHz, 128-channel analog autocorrelation spectrometers (WASP 11). The single-sideband receiver noise temperature goal of 70 Kelvin will provide a prototype instrument capable of rapid line surveys and of relatively efficient carbon monoxide (CO) emission line searches of distant, dusty galaxies. The latter application's goal is to determine redshifts by measuring the frequencies of CO line emissions from the star-forming regions dominating the submillimeter brightness of these galaxies. Construction of the receiver has begun; lab testing should begin in the fall. Demonstration of the receiver on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) telescope should begin in spring 2003.

Rice, F.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Determination of the Cosmic Distance Scale from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Chandra X-ray Measurements of High Redshift Galaxy Clusters

We determine the distance to 38 clusters of galaxies in the redshift range 0.14 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.89 using X-ray data from Chandra and Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association interferometric arrays. The cluster plasma and dark matter distributions are analyzed using a hydrostatic equilibrium model that accounts for radial variations in density, temperature and abundance, and, the statistical and systematic errors of this method are quantified. The analysis is performed via a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique that provides simultaneous estimation of all model parameters. W

Bonamente, Massimiliano↗
NASA NTRS2006

Observations of High-Redshift X-Ray Selected Clusters with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array

We report measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in three highredshift (0.89 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 1.03), X-ray selected galaxy clusters. The observations were obtained at 30 GHz during the commissioning period of a new, eight-element interferometer - the Sunyaev-Zel dovich Array (SZA) - built for dedicated SZ effect observations. The SZA observations are sensitive to angular scales larger than those subtended by the virial radii of the clusters. Assuming isothermality and hydrostatic equilibrium for the intracluster medium, and gas-mass fractions consistent with those for clusters at moderate redshift, we calculate electron temperatures, gas masses, and total cluster masses from the SZ data. The SZ-derived masses, integrated approximately to the virial radii, are 1.9(sup +0.5)(sub -0.4) x 10(sup 14) solar mass for ClJ1415.1+3612, 3.4 (sup +0.6)(sup -0.5) x 10(sup 14) solar mass for ClJ1429.0+4241 and 7.2(sup +1.3)(sub -0.9) x 10(sup 14) solar mass for ClJ1226.9+3332. The SZ-derived quantities are in good agreement with the cluster properties derived from X-ray measurements.

Muchovej, Stephen↗
NASA NTRS2007

Scaling Relations from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Chandra X-ray Measurements of High-Redshift Galaxy Clusters

We present Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) scaling relations for 38 massive galaxy clusters at redshifts 0.14 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.89, observed with both the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the centimeter-wave SZE imaging system at the BIMA and OVRO interferometric arrays. An isothermal ,Beta-model with central 100 kpc excluded from the X-ray data is used to model the intracluster medium and to measure global cluster properties. For each Cluster, we measure the X-ray spectroscopic temperature, SZE gas mass, total mass. and integrated Compton-gamma parameters within r(sub 2500). Our measurements are in agreement with the expectations based on a simple self-similar model of cluster formation and evolution. We compare the cluster properties derived from our SZE observations with and without Chandra spatial and spectral information and find them to be in good agreement: We compare our results with cosmological numerical simulations, and find that simulations that include radiative cooling, star formation and feedback match well both the slope and normalization of our SZE scaling relations.

Bonamente, Massimiliano↗
NASA NTRS2008

Scaling Relations from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Chandra X-Ray Measurements of High-Redshift Galaxy Clusters

We present Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) scaling relations for 38 massive galaxy clusters at redshifts 0.14 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.89, observed with both the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the centimeter-wave SZE imaging system at the BIMA and OVRO interferometric arrays. An isothermal Beta-model with the central 100 kpc excluded from the X-ray data is used to model the intracluster medium and to measure global cluster properties. For each cluster, we measure the X-ray spectroscopic temperature, SZE gas mass, total mass, and integrated Compton gamma-parameters within r(sub 2500). Our measurements are in agreement with the expectations based on a simple self-similar model of cluster formation and evolution. We compare the cluster properties derived from our SZE observations with and without Chandra spatial and spectral information and find them to be in good agreement. We compare our results with cosmological numerical simulations and find that simulations that include radiative cooling, star formation, and feedback match well both the slope and normalization of our SZE scaling relations.

Bonamente, Massimiliano↗
NASA NTRS2008

The Cycle of Dust in the Milky Ways: Clues from the High-Redshift and the Local Universe

Massive amount of dust has been observed at high-redshifts when the universe was a mere 900 Myr old. The formation and evolution of dust is there dominated by massive stars and interstellar processes. In contrast, in the local universe lower mass stars, predominantly 2-5 Msun AGB stars, play the dominant role in the production of interstellar dust. These two extreme environments offer fascinating clues about the evolution of dust in the Milky Way galaxy

Dwek, Eli↗
NASA NTRS2008

Comparing Local Starbursts to High-Redshift Galaxies: A Search for Lyman-Break Analogs

We compare the restframe far-ultraviolet (FUV) morphologies of 8 nearby interacting and starburst galaxies (Arp 269, M 82, Mrk 08, NGC 0520, NGC 1068, NGC 3079, NGC 3310, NGC 7673) with 54 galaxies at z approx.1.5 and 46 galaxies at z approx.4 in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. We calculate the Gini coefficient (G), the second order moment of 20% of the brightest pixels (M20), and the S ersic index (n). We find that 20% (11/54) of z approx.1.5 and 37% (17/46) of z approx.4 galaxies are bulge-like, using G and M20. We also find approx.70% of the z approx.1.5 and z approx.4 galaxies have exponential disks with n > 0.8. The 2D profile combined with the nonparametric methods provides more detail, concerning the nature of disturbed systems, such as merger and post-merger types. We also provide qualitative descriptions of each galaxy system and at each redshift. We conclude that Mrk 08, NGC 3079, and NGC 7673 have similar morphologies as the starburst FUV restframe galaxies and Lyman-break galaxies at z approx.1.5 and 4, and determine that they are Lyman-break analogs.

Petty, Sara M.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Obscured AGN at High Redshift

This viewgraph presentation reviews the obscured sources of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the universe at high redshift. The cosmic X-ray background, unified models of AGN and clues to galaxy formation/evolution is the motivation for this study.

cosmic x-ray↗
NASA NTRS2010

First Detection of the [O(sub III)] 88 Micrometers Line at High Redshifts: Characterizing the Starburst and Narrow-Line Regions in Extreme Luminosity Systems

We have made the first detections of the 88 micrometers [O(sub III)] line from galaxies in the early universe, detecting the line from the lensed active galactic nucleus (AGN)/starburst composite systems APM 08279+5255 at z 3.911 and SMM J02399-0136 at z = 2.8076. The line is exceptionally bright from both systems, with apparent (lensed) luminosities approx.10(exp 11) Solar Luminosity, For APM 08279, the [O(sub III)] line flux can be modeled in a star formation paradigm, with the stellar radiation field dominated by stars with effective temperatures, T(sub eff) > 36,000 K, similar to the starburst found in M82. The model implies approx.35% of the total far-IR luminosity of the system is generated by the starburst, with the remainder arising from dust heated by the AGN. The 881,tm line can also be generated in the narrow-line region of the AGN if gas densities are around a few 1000 cu cm. For SMM J02399, the [O(sub III)] line likely arises from HII regions formed by hot (T(sub eff) > 40,000 K) young stars in a massive starburst that dominates the far-IR luminosity of the system. The present work demonstrates the utility of the [O(sub III)] line for characterizing starbursts and AGN within galaxies in the early universe. These are the first detections of this astrophysically important line from galaxies beyond a redshift of 0.05.s

Ferkinhoff, C.↗
NASA NTRS2011

The Origin and Evolution of Interstellar Dust in the Local and High-Redshift Universe

In this talk I will begin by reviewing our current state of knowledge regarding the origin and evolution of dust in the local solar neighborhood. Using chemical evolution models, I will discuss their many different input parameters and their uncertainties. An important consequence of these models is the delayed injection of dust from AGB stars, compared to supernova-condensed dust, into the interstellar medium. I will show that these stellar evolutionary effects on dust composition are manifested in the infrared spectra of local galaxies. The delayed production of dust in AGB stars has also important consequences for the origin of the large amount of dust detected in high-redshift galaxies, when the universe was less that - 1 Gyr old. Supernovae may have been the only viable dust sources in those galaxies. Recent observations of SN1987a show a significant mass of dust in the ejecta of this SN. Is that production rate high enough to account for the observed dust mass in these galaxies? If not, what are the alternative viable sources of dust, and how do they depend on the nature of the galaxy (starburst or AGN) and its star formation history.

Dwek, Eliahu↗