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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 415 records · Page 23

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NASA NTRS1993

A critical assessment of UH-60 main rotor blade airfoil data

Many current comprehensive rotorcraft analyses employ lifting-line methods that require main rotor blade airfoil data, typically obtained from wind tunnel tests. In order to effectively evaluate these lifting-line methods, it is of the utmost importance to ensure that the airfoil section data are free of inaccuracies. A critical assessment of the SC1095 and SC1094R8 airfoil data used on the UH-60 main rotor blade was performed for that reason. Nine sources of wind tunnel data were examined, all of which contain SC1095 data and four of which also contain SC1094R8 data. Findings indicate that the most accurate data were generated in 1982 at the 11-Foot Wind Tunnel Facility at NASA Ames Research Center and in 1985 at the 6-inch-by-22-inch transonic wind tunnel facility at Ohio State University. It has not been determined if data from these two sources are sufficiently accurate for their use in comprehensive rotorcraft analytical models of the UH-60. It is recommended that new airfoil tables be created for both airfoils using the existing data. Additional wind tunnel experimentation is also recommended to provide high quality data for correlation with these new airfoil tables.

Totah, Joseph↗

NASA NTRS1993

A critical assessment of UH-60 main rotor blade airfoil data

Many current comprehensive rotorcraft analyses employ lifting-line methods that require main rotor blade airfoil data, typically obtained from wind tunnel tests. In order to effectively evaluate these lifting-line methods, it is of the utmost importance to ensure that the airfoil section data are free of inaccuracies. A critical assessment of the SC1095 and SC1094R8 airfoil data used on the UH-60 main rotor blade was performed for that reason. Nine sources of wind tunnel data were examined, all of which contain SC1095 data and four of which also contain SC1094R8 data. Findings indicate that the most accurate data were generated in 1982 at the 11-Foot Wind Tunnel Facility at NASA Ames Research Center and in 1985 at the 6-inch by 22-inch transonic wind tunnel facility at Ohio State University. It has not been determined if data from these two sources are sufficiently accurate for their use in comprehensive rotorcraft analytical models of the UH-60. It is recommended that new airfoil tables be created for both airfoils using the existing data. Additional wind tunnel experimentation is also recommended to provide high quality data for correlation with these new airfoil tables.

Totah, Joseph↗

NASA NTRS1994

Flight experience with lightweight, low-power miniaturized instrumentation systems

Engineers at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility (NASA-Dryden) have conducted two flight research programs with lightweight, low-power miniaturized instrumentation systems built around commercial data loggers. One program quantified the performance of a radio-controlled model airplane. The other program was a laminar boundary-layer transition experiment on a manned sailplane. The purpose of this article is to report NASA-Dryden personnel's flight experience with the miniaturized instrumentation systems used on these two programs. This article will describe the data loggers, the sensors, and the hardware and software developed to complete the systems. It also describes how the systems were used and covers the challenges encountered to make them work. Examples of raw data and derived results will be shown as well. For some flight research applications where miniaturized instrumentation is a requirement, the authors conclude that commercially available data loggers and sensors are viable alternatives. In fact, the data loggers and sensors make it possible to gather research-quality data in a timely and cost-effective manner.

LOW POWER MINIATURIZED INSTRUM↗

NASA NTRS1998

Joint NASA/EPA AVIRIS Analysis in the Chesapeake Bay Region: Plans and Initial Results

NASA's Ames Research Center is performing an AVIRIS demonstration project in conjunction with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (Region 3). NASA and EPA scientists have jointly defined a Study Area in eastern Virginia to include portions of the Chesapeake Bay, southern Delmarva Peninsula, and the mouths of the York and James Rivers. Several environmental issues have been identified for study. These include, by priority: 1) water constituent analysis in the Chesapeake Bay, 2) mapping of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Bay, 3) detection of vegetation stress related to Superfund sites at the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, and 4) wetland species analysis in the York River vicinity. In support of this project, three lines of AVIRIS data were collected during the Wallops Island deployment on 17 August 1997. The remote sensing payload included AVIRIS, MODIS Airborne Simulator and an RC-10 color infrared film camera. The AVIRIS data were delivered to Ames from the JPL AVIRIS Data Facility, on 29 September 1997. Quicklook images indicate nominal data acquisition, and at the current time an atmospheric correction is being applied. Water constituent analysis of the Bay is our highest priority based on EPA interest and available collateral data, both from the surface and from other remote sensing instruments. Constituents of interest include suspended sediments, chlorophyll-a and accessory pigments, Analysis steps will include: verification of data quality, location of study sites in imagery, incorporation of relevant field data from EPA and other Chesapeake Bay cooperators, processing of imagery to show phenomenon of interest, verification of results with cooperators. By 1st quarter CY98 we plan to circulate initial results to NASA and EPA management for review. In the longer term we will finalize documentation, prepare results for publication, and complete any needed technology transfer to EPA remote sensing personnel.

Johnson, Lee↗

NASA NTRS2017

It's Only a Phase: Applying the 5 Phases of Clinical Trials to the NSCR Model Improvement Process

NASA limits astronaut radiation exposures to a 3% risk of exposure-induced death from cancer (REID) at the upper 95% confidence level. Since astronauts approach this limit, it is important that the estimate of REID be as accurate as possible. The NASA Space Cancer Risk 2012 (NSCR-2012) model has been the standard for NASA's space radiation protection guidelines since its publication in 2013. The model incorporates elements from U.S. baseline statistics, Japanese atomic bomb survivor research, animal models, cellular studies, and radiation transport to calculate astronaut baseline risk of cancer and REID. The NSCR model is under constant revision to ensure emerging research is incorporated into radiation protection standards. It is important to develop guidelines, however, to determine what new research is appropriate for integration. Certain standards of transparency are necessary in order to assess data quality, statistical quality, and analytical quality. To this effect, all original source code and any raw data used to develop the code are required to confirm there are no errors which significantly change reported outcomes. It is possible to apply a clinical trials approach to select and assess the improvement concepts that will be incorporated into future iterations of NSCR. This poster describes the five phases of clinical trials research, pre-clinical research, and clinical research phases I-IV, explaining how each step can be translated into an appropriate NSCR model selection guideline.

Elgart, S. R.↗

NASA NTRS2018

Enabling Communities in the Use and Application of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information Products: Interactive Webinars that Work

The vast active archives of NASA's Earth science data reflect the agency's ongoing commitment to producing the highest quality data, services and tools intended for a myriad of science and application uses worldwide. These data span the whole of Earth science domains, and most have direct uses in societal applications. As many internet-based tools mature they enable NASA to increase the availability to and, most importantly, the uses of these disparate data types. This poster/paper highlights one particularly effective tool the NASA Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project is utilizing to increase our user communities' understanding of these data, services and tools and their varied uses. Webinars, or video-based, on-line, interactive discussions and presentations have become a staple for exchanging information via the internet. The NASA ESDIS Project is using this platform to create a rich, highly-available, source of cutting-edge insights into the uses of Earth science data and applications. As evidence, we present a representative sample of the webinar offerings created by ESDIS beginning in 2013.

Lindsay, Francis E.↗

NASA NTRS2019

Standards and Best Practices - Two NASA Examples

Formal international standards as well as promotion of community or recommended practices have their place in ensuring "FAIRness" of data. Data management in NASA's Earth Observation System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) has benefited from both of these avenues to a significant extent. The purpose of this paper is to present one example of each of these, which promote (re)usability. The first is an ISO standard for specifying preservation content from Earth observation missions. The work on this started in 2011, informally within the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) in the US, while the European Space Agency (ESA) was leading an effort on Long-Term Data Preservation (LTDP). Resulting from the ESIP discussions was NASA's Preservation Content Specification, which was applied in 2012 as a requirement for NASA's new missions. ESA's Preserved Data Set Content (PDSC) document was codified into a document adopted by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). It was recognized that it would be useful to combine PCS and PDSC into an ISO standard to ensure consistency in data preservation on a broader international scale. This standard, numbered ISO 19165-2 has been under development since mid-2017. The second is an example of developing recommendations for "best practices" within more limited (still fairly broad) communities. A Data Product Developers' Guide (DPDG) is currently being developed by one of NASA's Earth Science Data System Working Groups (ESDSWGs). It is for use by developers of products to be derived from Earth observation data to improve product (re)usability. One of the challenges in developing the guide is the fact that there are already many applicable standards and guides. The relevant information needs to be selected and expressed in a succinct manner, with appropriate pointers to references. The DPDG aims to compile the most applicable parts of earlier guides into a single document outlining the typical development process for Earth Science data products. Standards and best practices formally endorsed by the Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Standards Office (ESO), outputs from ESDSWGs (e.g., Dataset Interoperability Working Group, and Data Quality Working Group), and recommendations from Distributed Active Archive Centers and data producers are emphasized.

Ramapriyan, Hampapuram↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Agency Report WGISS-51

The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) strives to enhance international coordination and data exchange and to optimize societal benefit. CEOS contributes to NASA’s core mission and is critical to NASA’s Earth Science program and to the future of Earth observations community as a whole because it advances mission planning, interagency coordination and technical implementation. Within NASA, the CEOS Working Group on Information System and Services (WGISS) is a forum for the Earth Sciences Data Systems (ESDS) Program to collaborate with other international and domestic agencies in the development of Earth observation data systems and services. NASA leads the development and demonstration of multiple prototypes supporting CEOS and Group on Earth Observations (GEO) requirements. NASA’s participation in WGISS influences NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System’s (EOSDIS) ability to make high-quality data products available to the broad science community both nationally and internationally. Combined with NASA’s free and open data policy, EOSDIS’s involvement in WGISS is essential to widespread use of research satellite measurements. This presentation focuses on an overview and recent status of NASA’s EOSDIS.

Andrew Mitchell↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Agency Report WGISS 52

Andrew Mitchell↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

CEOS Enabling Open Science via Science Data Systems

Diane Davies↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

An Assessment of and Access to NASA CERES Hourly Solar Irradiance Data Products Using POWER Web Services

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Mission has been providing surface solar irradiance data products since March 2000. With an emphasis on global climate quality data products, CERES produces a suite of data parameters related to both the inputs and the observed and measured solar irradiance components at the top-of-atmosphere and at the surface. This paper discusses the global CERES SYN1Deg (Synoptic 1x1 degree resolution) solar irradiance data products, shows that the accuracy of the global horizontal irradiance (GHI) at the hourly time scale is <1% for bias and 24% RMS compared to the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) measurements. This paper then shows the accuracy of the direct and diffuse components and a proposed “bias” correction based upon the solar zenith angle dependence that provides accuracy useful for solar applications on a global basis for all sunlit conditions. Lastly, a brief description of how to obtain these hourly solar irradiance products based upon SYN1Deg using the NASA’s Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) web services portal is given so users can utilize these estimates for testing and evaluation.

Surface solar irradiance↗

NASA NTRS2022

Revisiting the Solar Research Cyberinfrastructure Needs: A White Paper of Findings and Recommendations

Solar and Heliosphere physics are areas of remarkable data-driven discoveries. Recent advances in high cadence, high-resolution multiwavelength observations, growing amounts of data from realistic modeling, and operational needs for uninterrupted science-quality data coverage generate the demand for a solar metadata standardization and overall healthy data infrastructure. This white paper is prepared as an effort of the working group “Uniform Semantics and Syntax of Solar Observations and Events” created within the “Towards Integration of Heliophysics Data, Modeling, and Analysis Tools” EarthCube Research Coordination Network (@HDMIEC RCN), with primary objectives to discuss current advances and identify future needs for the solar research cyberinfrastructure. The white paper summarizes presentations and discussions held during the special working group session at the EarthCube Annual Meeting on June 19th, 2020, as well as community contribution gathered during a series of preceding workshops and subsequent RCN working group sessions. The authors provide examples of the current standing of the solar research cyberinfrastructure, and describe the problems related to current data handling approaches. The list of the top-level recommendations agreed by the authors of the current white paper is presented at the beginning of the paper.

SMD↗

NASA NTRS1981

OSTA data systems planning workshop recommendations

The Integrated Discipline Requirements are presented, including the following needs: (1) quality data sets, (2) a systematic treatment of problems with present data, (3) a single integrated catalog or master directory, (4) continuity of data formats, (5) a standard geographic and time basis, (6) data delivery in terms of easy rather than immediate accessibility, (7) data archives, and (8) cooperation with user agencies.

Desjardins, R.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Technical report series on global modeling and data assimilation. Volume 6: A multiyear assimilation with the GEOS-1 system: Overview and results

The Data Assimilation Office (DAO) at Goddard Space Flight Center has produced a multiyear global assimilated data set with version 1 of the Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System (GEOS-1 DAS). One of the main goals of this project, in addition to benchmarking the GEOS-1 system, was to produce a research quality data set suitable for the study of short-term climate variability. The output, which is global and gridded, includes all prognostic fields and a large number of diagnostic quantities such as precipitation, latent heating, and surface fluxes. Output is provided four times daily with selected quantities available eight times per day. Information about the observations input to the GEOS-1 DAS is provided in terms of maps of spatial coverage, bar graphs of data counts, and tables of all time periods with significant data gaps. The purpose of this document is to serve as a users' guide to NASA's first multiyear assimilated data set and to provide an early look at the quality of the output. Documentation is provided on all the data archives, including sample read programs and methods of data access. Extensive comparisons are made with the corresponding operational European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses, as well as various in situ and satellite observations. This document is also intended to alert users of the data about potential limitations of assimilated data, in general, and the GEOS-1 data, in particular. Results are presented for the period March 1985-February 1990.

Suarez, Max J.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Hydropower Infrastructure – LAkes, Reservoirs, and RIvers (HILARRI)

HILARRI is a database of links between major datasets of operational hydropower dams and powerplants, and inland water bodies. These connections are critical for conducting large-scale analysis of hydropower infrastructure and their associated natural and engineered water systems. Features include: – Dams from the National Inventory of Dams (2024) and the Global Reservoir and Dam Database (GRanD v1.3) – Hydropower plants from the Existing Hydropower Assets dataset (EHA 2024) These hydropower infrastructure features are linked to several major datasets that provide hydrologic and hydraulic information relevant for analysis of hydropower systems that includes the integral water resources. That information comes from: – Products from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) – NHDPlusV2 Medium Resolution river network flowlines, – NHD waterbodies (limited to lakes and reservoirs), – NHD Watershed Boundary Dataset (HUC12-level for the Conterminous United States (CONUS)) – NHD High Resolution waterbodies – HydroLAKES water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) – LAGOS-US lakes and reservoirs – EPA National Lakes Assessment (2007, 2012, 2017, and 2022) – The Reservoir Sedimentation Database (RESSED) Unique identifiers are used to facilitate joining to the original full datasets. For example, characteristics of NHD flowlines such as estimated average flow rate can be joined from the NHDPlusV2 dataset to a dam or power plant listed in HILARRI based on the ID field, “COMID”, that is common to both datasets. HILARRI only includes basic information about identifiers, location, and data quality or usage notes. It does not contain the attributes or time series data associated with these sites. The HILARRI dataset incorporates information from several datasets to facilitate more effective and accurate analysis of hydropower infrastructure and their associated waterbodies. For example, dams were checked against the most recent American Rivers Dam Removal Database to identify and flag facilities that may no longer exist. Additionally, dams that are listed multiple times in the NID are identified and flagged to avoid double-counting when analyzing and summarizing information. Other quality flags include certainty of operational hydropower (i.e., if one or more datasets indicates hydropower at a particular location), whether an associated water body is accurate or composed of multiple polygons, or whether there is a known issue with reported characteristics in one of the underlying datasets. These additional data flags are designed to increase confidence in data usage for individual to large-scale analyses.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

Completion of Transport Property Measurements on Multiple Actinide Fluoride Mixtures

One of the missions of the US Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) Campaign under the Advanced Reactor Technology program has been to experimentally measure thermophysical properties of MSR-relevent salt systems, with the intent of supporting the development of the Molten Salt Thermal Properties Database (MSTDB). This database is jointly funded by the DOE-NE Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation Program and the MSR Campaign. Multiple DOE national laboratories, including Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), have been conducting measurements of thermophysical properties to support MSTDB development and provide MSR developers with access to new data that has been measured using modern methodologies and more advanced sample characterization techniques. These data may either fill gaps in the database or provide updated higher quality data to replace legacy data. Researchers at ORNL have recognized significant gaps in the transport property data of actinide-bearing fluoride salt systems of MSR industry interest. Moreover, for the data present in MSTDB in this category, the uncertainty margins are generally high, leading to questionability in our current understanding of the thermophysical characterization of actinide fluoride mixtures. As such, the focus of this study has been to generate new transport property data of actinide fluoride mixtures that are of immediate interest to MSR developers. Specifically, the mixtures NaF-UF 4 (78 - 22 mol%) and NaF-KF-UF 4 (57-16.04-26.91 mol%) have been studied—NaF-UF 4 for thermal conductivity and viscosity and NaF-KF-UF 4 for viscosity. Thermal conductivity measurements have been conducted with a variable gap apparatus, whereas viscosity has been measured with a rolling ball viscometer. Methodological and calibration details are provided for both measurement processes, along with measurement system updates that have enabled easier manufacturing of components and fewer challenges associated with conducting the measurements themselves. The resultant data collected for NaF-UF 4 (78–22 mol%) and NaF-KF-UF 4 (57-16.04-26.91 mol%) have been compared with relevant mixture data within the thermophysical arm of the MSTDB (MSTDB-TP).

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

NASA NTRS1974

Skylab report - Man's role in space research

Some of the early results reported by several investigators in the solar physics discipline are described, as well as a subjective response to long-term zero-gravity exposure in several areas related to medical studies. Many of the roles in which man has participated in research aboard Skylab will again be important in future space activities such as the Space Shuttle. Examples are pointing, alignment, transient identification and response, and assurance of data quality. These tasks can be extended to include a greater role in data management and interpretation, so that some selectivity or processing, or both, might be appropriate onboard the spacecraft, prior to transmission of data to the ground.

Garriott, O. K.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Recommended data sets, corn segments and spring wheat segments, for use in program development

The sets of Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment sites, crop year 1978, which are recommended for use in the development and evaluation of classification techniques based on LANDSAT spectral data are presented. For each site, the following exists: (1) accuracy assessment digitized ground truth; (2) a minimum of 5 percent of the scene ground truth identified as corn or spring wheat; and (3) at least four acquisitions of acceptable data quality during the growing season of the crop of interest. The recommended data sets consist of 41 corn/soybean sites and 17 spring wheat sites.

Austin, W. W.↗