Subsurface ice and brine sampling using an ultrasonic/sonic gopher for life detection and characterization in the McMurdo Dry Valleys
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This paper will present the lethality data that has been collected at this time and the planned future studies. The results show that rapid ramp-up heating times are critical to obtaining valid lethality data at high temperatures because an extensive number of spores are killed before reaching the target temperature. Exploratory experiments have also been performed using a laser to rapidly heat coupons.
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Abstract Cissus quadrangularis is a succulent vine that degrades forests where it is not native by growing over trees and causing them to break or by impeding regeneration. Methods for its control have been tried but no satisfactory approach has been found yet. We carried out an experiment to analyze how much desiccation Cissus can endure before losing its ability to grow when rehydrated, using fragments of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 internodes to test if desiccation tolerance was affected by fragment length. We found that Cissus remains viable after losing up to 80% of its weight, with shorter fragments losing viability (capacity to grow) at 70% weight loss. No fragments sustained viability at 90% water loss, establishing a critical threshold for Cissus desiccation tolerance. Our study also showed that shorter fragments (0.5 internodes) were less viable compared to longer ones (1, 2 or 3 internodes). Cissus has a remarkable tolerance to desiccation. Therefore, management strategies should ensure complete dehydration of Cissus fragments to prevent its regrowth. Reducing fragments to smaller sizes could amplify the effectiveness of control measures by reducing their viability, but risks of increasing propagule numbers should be considered.
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