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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Development of High-Order Accurate Interface Tracking Algorithms and Improved Constitutive Models for Problems in Continuum Mechanics with Applications to Jetting (Final Report)

Much of the work conducted under the auspices of DE-FG02-03ER25579 was characterized by an exceptionally close collaboration with researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). For example, Andy Nonaka, one of Professor Miller's graduate students in the Department of Applied Science at U. C. Davis (UCD) wrote his PhD thesis in an area of interest to researchers in the Applied Numerical Algorithms Group (ANAG), which is a part of the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center (NERSC) at LBNL.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Deletion of the EP402R Gene from the Genome of African Swine Fever Vaccine Strain ASFV-G-ΔI177L Provides the Potential Capability of Differentiating between Infected and Vaccinated Animals

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) mutant ASFV-G-ΔI177L is a safe and efficacious vaccine which induces protection against the challenge of its parental virus, the Georgia 2010 isolate. Although a genetic DIVA (differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals) assay has been developed for this vaccine, still there is not a serological DIVA test for differentiating between animals vaccinated with ASFV-G-ΔI177L and those infected with wild-type viruses. In this report, we describe the development of the ASFV-G-ΔI177L mutant having deleted the EP402R gene, which encodes for the viral protein responsible for mediating the hemadsorption of swine erythrocytes. The resulting virus, ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔEP402R, does not have a decreased ability to replicates in swine macrophages when compared with the parental ASFV-G-ΔI177L. Domestic pigs intramuscularly (IM) inoculated with either 10 2 or 10 6 HAD 50 of ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔEP402R remained clinically normal, when compared with a group of mock-vaccinated animals, indicating the absence of residual virulence. Interestingly, an infectious virus could not be detected in the blood samples of the ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔEP402R-inoculated animals in either group at any of the time points tested. Furthermore, while all of the mock-inoculated animals presented a quick and lethal clinical form of ASF after the intramuscular inoculation challenge with 10 2 HAD 50 of highly virulent parental field isolate Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G), all of the ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔEP402R-inoculated animals were protected, remaining clinically normal until the end of the observational period. Most of the ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔEP402R-inoculated pigs developed strong virus-specific antibody responses against viral antigens, reaching maximum levels at 28 days post inoculation. Importantly, all of the sera collected at that time point in the ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔEP402R-inoculated pigs did not react in a direct ELISA coated with the recombinant EP402R protein. Conversely, the EP402R protein was readily recognized by the pool of sera from the animals immunized with recombinant live attenuated vaccine candidates ASFV-G-ΔI177L, ASFV-G-ΔMGF, or ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK. Therefore, ASFV-G-ΔI177L/ΔEP402R is a novel, safe and efficacious candidate with potential to be used as an antigenically DIVA vaccine.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1981

Some considerations in low-cost image processing on a university main frame: The Penn State (ORSER) experience

The ORSER System as implemented on the Penn State University Computation Center's IBM main frame is an exceptionally useful mechanism for instructing the present and future remote sensing community in the theory and practice of automated analysis of digitized data. From its beginning, the system was used as the hands-on back-bone of a graduate level "Multispectral Remote Sensing" one-term course taught annually in the School of Forest Resources. It was also used at the end of a senior-level undergraduate "Introduction to Remote Sensing" course, and in teaching a variety of short courses, ranging in length from a few days for small groups of remote sensing consultants with specific application interests, to a 2-week course oganized by NASA for regional and urban planners who had little or no previous exposure to remote sensing. Because of its modular construction, the ORSER is suitable for all classes of remote sensing users. Although in a beginning course only 6 to 10 of the programs are generally used, the researcher has a set of about 35 programs available for his analyses.

Turner, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Theory and modeling group

The primary purpose of the Theory and Modeling Group meeting was to identify scientists engaged or interested in theoretical work pertinent to the Max '91 program, and to encourage theorists to pursue modeling which is directly relevant to data which can be expected to result from the program. A list of participants and their institutions is presented. Two solar flare paradigms were discussed during the meeting -- the importance of magnetic reconnection in flares and the applicability of numerical simulation results to solar flare studies.

Holman, Gordon D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Digital mammography, cancer screening: Factors important for image compression

The use of digital mammography for breast cancer screening poses several novel problems such as development of digital sensors, computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) methods for image noise suppression, enhancement, and pattern recognition, compression algorithms for image storage, transmission, and remote diagnosis. X-ray digital mammography using novel direct digital detection schemes or film digitizers results in large data sets and, therefore, image compression methods will play a significant role in the image processing and analysis by CAD techniques. In view of the extensive compression required, the relative merit of 'virtually lossless' versus lossy methods should be determined. A brief overview is presented here of the developments of digital sensors, CAD, and compression methods currently proposed and tested for mammography. The objective of the NCI/NASA Working Group on Digital Mammography is to stimulate the interest of the image processing and compression scientific community for this medical application and identify possible dual use technologies within the NASA centers.

Clarke, Laurence P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The 1993/1994 NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program

The NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program (GSRP) attempts to reach a culturally diverse group of promising U.S. graduate students whose research interests are compatible with NASA's programs in space science and aerospace technology. Each year we select approximately 100 new awardees based on competitive evaluation of their academic qualifications, their proposed research plan and/or plan of study, and their planned utilization of NASA research facilities. Fellowships of up to $22,000 are awarded for one year and are renewable, based on satisfactory progress, for a total of three years. Approximately 300 graduate students are, thus, supported by this program at any one time. Students may apply any time during their graduate career or prior to receiving their baccalaureate degree. An applicant must be sponsored by his/her graduate department chair or faculty advisor; this book discusses the GSRP in great detail.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1991

New technology and regional studies in human ecology: A Papua New Guinea example

Two key issues in using technologies such as digital image processing and geographic information systems are a conceptually and methodologically valid research design and the exploitation of varied sources of data. With this realized, the new technologies offer anthropologists the opportunity to test hypotheses about spatial and temporal variations in the features of interest within a regionally coherent mosaic of social groups and landscapes. Current research on the Mountain OK of Papua New Guinea is described with reference to these issues.

Morren, George E. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Interactions between spacecraft and their environments

Spacecraft inevitably interact with their environments. Besides the interactions one immediately thinks of in space (zero-g, solar heating, atmospheric drag, expansion into vacuum conditions, etc.) other interactions are also important. Those of interest to spacecraft designers so far may be grouped under several headings; plasma interactions and spacecraft charging, impact of debris and micrometeoroids, chemical reactions with neutral species, radiation degradation, etc. Researchers have made great progress in defining and evaluating the interactions of spacecraft with their expected ambient environments near Earth and in interplanetary space. Some of these interactions are discussed with an eye toward expanding our knowledge into new environments, such as may be found at the moon and Mars, that will interact in new and different ways with exploring spacecraft and spacefarers.

Ferguson, Dale C.↗
NASA NTRS2003

An On-line Technology Information System (OTIS) for Advanced Life Support

OTIS is an on-line communication platform designed for smooth flow of technology information between advanced life support (ALS) technology developers, researchers, system analysts, and managers. With pathways for efficient transfer of information, several improvements in the ALS Program will result. With OTIS, it will be possible to provide programmatic information for technology developers and researchers, technical information for analysts, and managerial decision support. OTIS is a platform that enables the effective research, development, and delivery of complex systems for life support. An electronic data collection form has been developed for the solid waste element, drafted by the Solid Waste Working Group. Forms for other elements (air revitalization, water recovery, food processing, biomass production and thermal control) will also be developed, based on lessons learned from the development of the solid waste form. All forms will be developed by consultation with other working groups, comprised of experts in the area of interest. Forms will be converted to an on-line data collection interface that technology developers will use to transfer information into OTIS. Funded technology developers will log in to OTIS annually to complete the element- specific forms for their technology. The type and amount of information requested expands as the technology readiness level (TRL) increases. The completed forms will feed into a regularly updated and maintained database that will store technology information and allow for database searching. To ensure confidentiality of proprietary information, security permissions will be customized for each user. Principal investigators of a project will be able to designate certain data as proprietary and only technical monitors of a task, ALS Management, and the principal investigator will have the ability to view this information. The typical OTIS user will be able to read all non-proprietary information about all projects.Interaction with the database will occur over encrypted connections, and data will be stored on the server in an encrypted form. Implementation of OTIS will initiate a community-accessible repository of technology development information. With OTIS, ALS element leads and managers will be able to carry out informed technology selection for programmatic decisions. OTIS will also allow analysts to make accurate evaluations of technology options. Additionally, the range and specificity of information solicited will help educate technology developers of program needs. With augmentation, OTIS reporting is capable of replacing the current fiscal year-end reporting process. Overall, the system will enable more informed R&TD decisions and more rapid attainment of ALS Program goals.

Levri, Julie A.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Two-photon or higher-order absorbing optical materials and methods of use

Compositions capable of simultaneous two-photon absorption and higher order absorptivities are provided. Compounds having a donor-pi-donor or acceptor-pi-acceptor structure are of particular interest, where the donor is an electron donating group, acceptor is an electron accepting group, and pi is a pi bridge linking the donor and/or acceptor groups. The pi bridge may additionally be substituted with electron donating or withdrawing groups to alter the absorptive wavelength of the structure. Also disclosed are methods of generating an excited state of such compounds through optical stimulation with light using simultaneous absorption of photons of energies individually insufficient to achieve an excited state of the compound, but capable of doing so upon simultaneous absorption of two or more such photons. Applications employing such methods are also provided, including controlled polymerization achieved through focusing of the light source(s) used.

Marder, Seth↗
NASA NTRS2024

A Summary of the 2023 Joint High-Speed Boundary Layer Transition Workshop

A joint workshop between the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Office of Naval Research, and the NASA Hypersonic Technology Project was held in June 2023 on the topic of high-speed boundary-layer transition. The purpose of this workshop was to gather subject matter experts in the areas of supersonic and hypersonic boundary-layer transition in the areas of geometries of interest, computational methods, facilities and diagnostics, flight experiments, flow control, and new approaches and to discuss the current state of the art in the field. As gaps and accomplishments were identified, roadmaps were also created to guide future investments in these areas. The top recommendations are (1) to define relevant common geometries of interest that can be worked by multiple research groups; (2) improve modeling of high-enthalpy flows involving chemistry and ablation, studies of receptivity of freestream disturbances and atmospheric particulates into the boundary layer, surface feature characterization and modeling of changes to geometry; (3) design and determine viable flow control methods; and (4) move towards incorporating boundary layer transition prediction into a standard practice for design of high-speed vehicles. To execute this last recommendation successfully, investments beyond fundamental (basic and early applied) research are needed.

boundary layer transition↗
NASA NTRS2024

The Emerging Issue-3 Revision of the Ccsds-123.0-B Low-Complexity Lossless and Near-Lossless Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Compression Standard

The CCSDS-123.0-B Low-Complexity Lossless and Near-Lossless Multispectral & Hyperspectral Image Compression standard provides state-of-the-art compression for imaging spectrometer data. Issue 1 of this standard, published in 2012, provides only lossless compression capability. In 2019, Issue 2 was published, adding new features and in particular augmenting the compressor to provide also near-lossless compression, i.e., compression with a user-specified error limit in each spectral band. This presentation will describe the Issue 3 revision currently under development by the CCSDS Data Compression working group. This revision will provide region-of-interest compression capability. That is, a user-provided spatial classification map can be used to specify different data fidelity parameters in different image regions. This would, for example, allow an onboard classification algorithm to identify the most important regions of an image, or regions obscured by clouds, and adjust compression fidelity accordingly in each region to maximize value of imaging spectrometer data returned over constrained space communication links. The revision also aims to add an option that is unrelated to region-of-interest compression but can improve compression effectiveness in some cases.

CCSDS Hyperspectral↗
DOE OSTI2013

One System Integrated Project Team Progress in Coordinating Hanford Tank Farms and the Waste Treatment Plant

The One System Integrated Project Team (IPT) was formed at the Hanford Site in late 2011 as a way to improve coordination and itegration between the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and the Tank Operations Contractor (TOC) on interfaces between the two projects, and to eliminate duplication and exploit opportunities for synergy. The IPT is composed of jointly staffed groups that work on technical issues of mutal interest, front-end design and project definition, nuclear safety, plant engineering system integration, commissioning, planning and scheduling, and environmental, safety, health and quality (ESH&Q) areas. In the past year important progress has been made in a number of areas as the organization has matured and additional opportunities have been identified. Areas covered in this paper include: Support for development of the Office of Envirnmental Management (EM) framework document to progress the Office of River Protection's (ORP) River Protection Project (RPP) mission; Stewardship of the RPP flowsheet; Collaboration with Savannah River Site (SRS), Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Operations programs integration; and, Further development of the waste acceptance criteria.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectral Analysis of Rare Earth Elements using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

There is growing interest in rapid analysis of rare earth elements (REEs) both due to the need to find new natural sources to satisfy increased demand in their use in various electronic devices, as well as the fact that they are used to estimate actinide masses for nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) appears to be a particularly well-suited spectroscopy-based technology to rapidly and accurately analyze the REEs in various matrices at low concentration levels (parts-per-million). Although LIBS spectra of REEs have been reported for a number of years, further work is still necessary in order to be able to quantify the concentrations of various REEs in real-world complex samples. LIBS offers advantages over conventional solution-based radiochemistry in terms of cost, analytical turnaround, waste generation, personnel dose, and contamination risk. Rare earth elements of commercial interest are found in the following three matrix groups: 1) raw ores and unrefined materials, 2) as components in refined products such as magnets, lighting phosphors, consumer electronics (which are mostly magnets and phosphors), catalysts, batteries, etc., and 3) waste/recyclable materials (aka e-waste). LIBS spectra for REEs such as Gd, Nd, and Sm found in rare earth magnets are presented.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectral Analysis of Rare Earth Elements using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

There is growing interest in rapid analysis of rare earth elements (REEs) both due to the need to find new natural sources to satisfy increased demand in their use in various electronic devices, as well as the fact that they are used to estimate actinide masses for nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) appears to be a particularly well-suited spectroscopy-based technology to rapidly and accurately analyze the REEs in various matrices at low concentration levels (parts-per-million). Although LIBS spectra of REEs have been reported for a number of years, further work is still necessary in order to be able to quantify the concentrations of various REEs in realworld complex samples. LIBS offers advantages over conventional solution-based radiochemistry in terms of cost, analytical turnaround, waste generation, personnel dose, and contamination risk. Rare earth elements of commercial interest are found in the following three matrix groups: 1) raw ores and unrefined materials, 2) as components in refined products such as magnets, lighting phosphors, consumer electronics (which are mostly magnets and phosphors), catalysts, batteries, etc., and 3) waste/recyclable materials (aka e-waste). LIBS spectra for REEs such as Gd, Nd, and Sm found in rare earth magnets are presented.

Martin, Madhavi Z↗
DOE OSTI2016

The Effectiveness of Gd Contents of Fuel Basket Wall in UNF Shipping and Storage Cask - 16598

A more effective basket structure, which employs the single wall basket structure and more effective neutron absorbing materials compared to the conventional 3 wall structure with boron neutron absorber, is under development. The criticality of the cask was evaluated as a function of the Gd and B contents in the plate and the Gd-containing SS plate thickness while maintaining the basic geometry the same as the reference cask which uses boron compound as neutron absorber. The KENO-VI code in SCALE with the data library ENDF/B-VII 238-group was used. In all the range of interest, the k{sub eff} values are below 0.4 which is much lower than licensing limit of 0.95. As Gd content increases, the k{sub eff} exponentially decreases. The Gd added SS shows higher performance than B added case in low atomic percent region. The B case curve showed less steep slope than the Gd case. The results of the wall thickness effect calculation indicated that the k{sub eff} decreases with thickness increase until ∼6 mm and it increases as thickness increases over ∼7 mm. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Superconductivity in quaternary niobium oxynitrides containing main group elements (M=Mg, Al, Si)

Niobium compounds continue to be an interesting family of superconductors, with the recent addition of oxynitrides to it, which can be categorized as low-T{sub c} superconductors (LTS) because they exhibit superconductivity below T{sub c}{approx}17 K. In this paper, we report the superconducting properties of three members of the family of niobium oxynitrides, viz. (Nb{sub 0.89}Al{sub 0.11})(N{sub 0.84}O{sub 0.16}), (Nb{sub 0.95}Mg{sub 0.05})(N{sub 0.92}O{sub 0.08}) and (Nb{sub 0.87}Si{sub 0.09}{open_square}{sub 0.04})(N{sub 0.87}O{sub 0.13}). Low temperature dc and ac magnetization measurements have been performed. In addition, heat capacity has been recorded at low temperature under applied magnetic fields. A detailed analysis of the data is presented. - Graphical abstract: The doped Si oxide accompanied with some amount of cation vacancy in cubic NbN lattice induces relatively large magnetic hysteresis on isothermal hysteresis loops at 5 K of the dc magnetization up to 5 T among the four niobium oxynitrides containing main group elements, Nb{sub 1.00}(N{sub 0.98}O{sub 0.02}); (Nb{sub 0.95}Mg{sub 0.05})(N{sub 0.92}O{sub 0.08}); (Nb{sub 0.89}Al{sub 0.11})(N{sub 0.84}O{sub 0.16}), and (Nb{sub 0.87}Si{sub 0.09}{open_square}{sub 0.04})(N{sub 0.87}O{sub 0.13}). Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Three Nb-oxynitrides doped either with Si, Al, Mg were bulk superconductors below {approx}17 K. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The cation vacancies induced by doping silicon act as pinning centers. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Si-doped sample had strong electron correlations.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

A 2D nonsymmorphic Dirac semimetal in a chemically modified group-VA monolayer with a black phosphorene structure

A symmetry-protected 2D Dirac semimetal has attracted intense interest for its intriguing material properties. In this paper, we report a 2D nonsymmorphic Dirac semimetal state in a chemically modified group-VA 2D puckered structure. Based on first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the existence of 2D Dirac fermions in a one-side modified phosphorene structure in two different types: one with a Dirac nodal line (DNL) structure for light elements with negligible spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and the other having an hourglass band protected by a nonsymmorphic symmetry for heavy elements with strong SOC. In the absence of SOC, the DNL exhibits an anisotropic behavior and unique electronic properties, such as constant density of states. The Dirac node is protected from gap opening by the nonsymmorphic space group symmetry. In the presence of SOC, the DNL states split and form an hourglass-shaped dispersion due to the broken inversion symmetry and the Rashba SOC interaction. Moreover, around certain high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone, the spin orientation is enforced to be along a specific direction. We construct an effective tight-binding model to characterize the 2D nonsymmorphic Dirac states. Our result provides a promising material platform for exploring the intriguing properties of essential nodal-line and nodal-point fermions in 2D systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗