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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

The aluminium-26 distribution in a cosmological simulation of a Milky Way-type Galaxy

Context . The 1.8 MeV γ -rays corresponding to the decay of the radioactive isotope 26 Al (with a half-life of 0.72 Myr ) have been observed by the SPI detector on the INTEGRAL spacecraft and extensively used as a tracer of star formation and current nucleosynthetic activity in the Milky Way Galaxy. Further information is encoded in the observation related to the higher 26 Al content found in regions of the Galaxy with the highest line-of-sight (LoS) velocity relative to an observer located in the Solar System. However, this feature remains unexplained. Aims . We ran a cosmological “zoom-in” chemodynamical simulation of a Milky Way-type galaxy, including the production and decays of radioactive nuclei in a fully self-consistent way. We then analyzed the results to follow the evolution of 26 Al throughout the lifetime of the simulated galaxy to provide a new method for interpreting the 26 Al observations. Methods . We included the massive star sources of 26 Al in the Galaxy and its radioactive decay into a state-of-the-art galactic chemical evolution model, coupled with cosmological growth and hydrodynamics. This approach allowed us to follow the spatial and temporal evolution of the 26 Al content in the simulated galaxy. Results . Our results are in agreement with the observations with respect to the fact that gas particles in the simulation with relatively higher 26 Al content also have the highest LoS velocities. On the other hand, gas particles with relatively lower 26 Al content (i.e., not bright enough to be observed) generally display the lowest LoS velocities. However, this result is not conclusive because the overall rotational velocity of our simulated galaxy is higher than that observed for cold CO gas in the Milky Way Galaxy. Furthermore, we found no significant correlation between gas temperature, rotational velocity, and 26 Al content at any given radius. We also found the presence of transient 26 Al-rich spots at low LoS velocities and we show that one such spot had been captured by the INTEGRAL/SPI data. Based on our model, we present a prediction for the detection of 1.8 MeV γ -rays by the future COSI mission. We find that according to our model, the new instrument will be able to observe similar 26 Al-emission patterns to those seen by INTEGRAL/SPI.

Wehmeyer, B. (ORCID:0009000254149292)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measuring the streaming motion in the Milky Way disc with Gaia EDR3+

We map the 3D kinematics of the Galactic disc out to 3.5 kpc from the Sun, and within 0.75 kpc from the mid-plane of the Galaxy. To this end, we combine high-quality astrometry from Gaia EDR3, with heliocentric line-of-sight velocities from Gaia DR2, and spectroscopic surveys including APOGEE, GALAH, and LAMOST. We construct an axisymmetric model for the mean velocity field, and subtract this on a star-by-star basis to obtain the residual velocity field in the Galactocentric components (V Φ , V R , V z ), and V los . The velocity residuals are quantified using the power spectrum, and we find that the peak power (A/[km s –1 ]) in the mid-plane (|z| < 0.25 kpc) is (A Φ , A R , A Z , A los ) = (4.2,8.5,2.6,4.6), at 0.25 < |z|/[kpc] < 0.5, is (A Φ , A R , A Z , A los ) = (4.0,7.9,3.6,5.3), and at 0.5 < |z|/[kpc] < 0.75, is (A Φ , A R , A Z , A los ) = (1.9,6.9,5.2,6.4). Our results provide a sophisticated measurement of the streaming motion in the disc and in the individual components. We find that streaming is most significant in VR, and at all heights (|Z|) probed, but is also non-negligible in other components. Additionally, we find that patterns in velocity field overlap spatially with models for spiral arms in the Galaxy. Our simulations show that phase-mixing of disrupting spiral arms can generate such residuals in the velocity field, where the radial component is dominant, just as in real data. Furthermore, we also find that with time evolution, both the amplitude and physical scale of the residual motion decrease.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Quantifying the line-of-sight halo contribution to the dark matter convergence power spectrum from strong gravitational lenses

Galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lenses have become a popular probe of dark matter (DM) by providing a window into structure formation on the smallest scales. In particular, the convergence power spectrum of subhalos within lensing galaxies has been suggested as a promising observable to study DM. However, the distances involved in strong-lensing systems are vast, and we expect the relevant volume to contain line-of-sight (LOS) halos that are not associated with the main lens. We develop a formalism to calculate the effect of LOS halos as an effective convergence power spectrum. Here, the multilens plane equation couples the angular deflections of consecutive lens planes, but by assuming that the perturbations due to the LOS halos are small, we show that they can be projected onto the main-lens plane as effective subhalos. We test our formalism by simulating lensing systems using the full multiplane lens equation and find excellent agreement. We show how the relative contribution of LOS halos and subhalos depends on the source and lens redshift, as well as the assumed halo and subhalo mass functions. For a fiducial system with fraction of DM halo mass in substructure f sub = 0.4% for subhalo masses [10 5 –10 8 ]M ⊙ , the interloper contribution to the power spectrum is at least several times greater than that of subhalos for source redshifts z s ≳ 0.5. Furthermore, it is likely that for the SLACS and BELLS lenses the interloper contribution dominates: f sub ≳ 2% (4%) is needed for subhalos to dominate in SLACS (BELLS), which is higher than current upper bounds on f sub for our mass range. Since the halo mass function is better understood from first principles, the dominance of interlopers in galaxy-galaxy lenses with high-quality imaging can be seen as a significant advantage when translating this observable into a constraint on DM.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Technology Transfer Excellence Award NTXBio

While a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Dr. Alex Koglin developed two compounds to create a better vaccine for Tuberculosis (TB). In 2015, Dr. Koglin took an entrepreneurial leave of absence from the Laboratory to start NTXBio, LLC. His objective was to develop and commercialize a TB vaccine based on two compounds he created while a scientist at the Los Alamos. In 2018, a total of 1.5 million people died from TB. According to the World Health Organization TB is the leading infectious disease resulting in death worldwide. Approximately one-quarter of the world’s population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Dr. Koglin non-exclusively licensed the two compounds from Los Alamos and began further development of the technology in collaboration with the Government of South Africa and universities to address the need for a vaccine to prevent TB. In their research and development of the compounds there was no evidence of cross resistance between other bacteria and the bacteria that causes TB. The compounds were tested in mouse models and demonstrated they can treat TB. Also, the tests have not shown any of the massive side effects that the current treatments for TB are showing. The company started production of the compounds using current manufacturing processes. Using these processes NTXBio could not produce the compounds at a reasonable price to be available for patients in third world countries. The company shifted to developing a new methodology “invitro synthetic biology” that can increase the production of these compounds and other vaccine molecules in a more affordable way. Dr. Koglin’s startup NTXBio is working to positively influence and secure the world vaccine supply by developing rapid on-demand production of the full spectrum of protein vaccines. Starting with the TB vaccine and advancing to common childhood vaccines, emergency and experimental vaccines such as those needed for COVID-19. NTXBio is capable of accelerated prototyping and manufacturing with increased purity and greater stability while reducing both cost and production time. The newly developed production methodology can be applied to not only the TB compounds licensed from Los Alamos, but also to their compounds that advance vaccine production for other diseases. Their technology produces vaccines fast enough to be fully deployable in areas without the need of specialized storage conditions and response times.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Preserving Manhattan Project historic sites

Beginning in 1943, Project Y – the code name for Los Alamos during World War II – transformed the isolated Pajarito Plateau. The sounds of construction equipment replaced the voices of the Los Alamos Ranch School boys and local homesteaders. Construction crews hurriedly built many structures on mesa tops and in the canyons of Los Alamos. Countless concerns flooded Manhattan Project staff, but designing structures to withstand the test of time was not one of them. The top-secret race to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany was on and everyone felt the pressure. Over the next 75 years, some of the structures slumped into disrepair from exposure to the harsh northern New Mexico environment - concrete cracking and spalling, wood frames rotting. That’s where Los Alamos National Laboratory’s historic preservation team enters the Manhattan Project story.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2023

A commentary on thallium radiochemistry in conjunction with OPEX23

Thallium radiochemistry was developed as a routine analytical capability at Los Alamos, dating from some of its earliest history after WWII. The first post-war compilation of radiochemical procedures published by the Radiochemistry Group J-11 is dated February 1953 as Los Alamos report LA-1566. The thallium radiochemistry procedure was authored by René J. Prestwood, and the details of the method as documented in 1953 are nearly identical to the thallium procedure contained in the most recent Collected Radiochemical and Geochemical Procedures (Fifth Edition) contained in Los Alamos report LA-1721 issued May 1990. René was a talented and well-respected member of the Radiochemistry Group. He first came to the lab in 1943 as an undergraduate student from UC Berkeley to join the Manhattan Project. After the war, René earned his PhD in Nuclear Chemistry with Art Wahl at Washington University in St. Louis. He then returned to Los Alamos as a technical staff member and retired in 1984. René passed away at the age of 92 on December 21, 2012.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2024

Introduction to Special Issue on the Early History of Nuclear Fusion

This introductory paper to the special issue of Fusion Science and Technology commemorates early research on fusion conducted at Los Alamos (the singular entity denoted Los Alamos Laboratory/Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory/Los Alamos National Laboratory at different times is designated “Los Alamos” in this paper) in support of the eventual H-bomb program. We survey the historical origins of the thermonuclear program, what was known of fusion reactions at the outbreak of the war, and the remarkable breakthroughs involving particularly the prospect of deuterium-tritium (DT) reactions conducted during the war, and we summarize the papers in this volume. Much of the nuclear fusion technical history presented herein has not been previously reported. Papers describe aspects of fusion science during these days, on shock hydrodynamics and on electron-radiation coupling, and on nuclear physics including the discoveries of resonances in both the DT cross section and in the lithium tritium-breeding cross section. Three papers follow our colleague Mark Paris’s finding Arthur Ruhlig’s 1938 paper on the first observation of DT fusion: one on how it influenced subsequent Manhattan Project research, another on a modern calculation of that historic experiment, and a third that has repeated the experiment using modern experimental capabilities. Other papers discuss how the first H-bomb test, Ivy Mike, led to the discovery of the new elements einsteinium and fermium and how the DT fusion processes played a key role in our universe’s development after the Big Bang. We also present a paper that analyzes the pioneering Cambridge University 1934 experiment by Marcus Oliphant, Paul Harteck, and Ernest Rutherford where deuterium-deuterium fusion was first observed and that describes how Ernest Lawrence missed identifying fusion in 1933. Finally, we present a summary of early concepts for controlled fusion energy that grew out of wartime discussions at Los Alamos. The papers show how J. Robert Oppenheimer played a leading technical role in the early developments of the H-bomb, before his later opposition—our first paper in this issue addresses the U.S. Department of Energy’s 2022 vacation of the earlier 1954 decision to revoke his security clearance.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2025

Optimal intrinsic alignment estimators in the presence of redshift-space distortions

We present estimators for quantifying intrinsic alignments in large spectroscopic surveys that efficiently capture line-of-sight (LOS) information while being relatively insensitive to redshift-space distortions (RSD). We demonstrate that changing the LOS integration range, pimax, as a function of transverse separation outperforms the conventional choice of a single pimax value. This is further improved by replacing the flat pimax cut with a LOS weighting based on shape projection and RSD. Although these estimators incorporate additional LOS information, they are projected correlations that exhibit signal-to-noise ratios comparable to 3D correlation functions, such as the IA quadrupole. Using simulations from Abacus Summit, we evaluate these estimators and provide recommended pimax values and weights for projected separations of 1 - 100 Mpc/h. These will improve measurements of intrinsic alignments in large cosmological surveys and the constraints they provide for both weak lensing and direct cosmological applications.

cosmology↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analyzing Relationships Between Economic and Neighborhood-Related Social Determinants of Health and Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay for Critically Ill Children With Medical Complexity Presenting With Severe Sepsis

Objectives: Of the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH), we evaluated socioeconomic and neighborhood-related factors which may affect children with medical complexity (CMC) admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Shelby County, Tennessee with severe sepsis and their association with PICU length of stay (LOS). We hypothesized that census tract-level socioeconomic and neighborhood factors were associated with prolonged PICU LOS in CMC admitted with severe sepsis in the underserved community. Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study included CMC living in Shelby County, Tennessee admitted to the ICU with severe sepsis over an 18-month period. Severe sepsis CMC patients were identified using an existing algorithm incorporated into the electronic medical record at a freestanding children's hospital. SDoH information was collected and analyzed using patient records and publicly available census-tract level data, with ICU length of stay as the primary outcome. Results: 83 encounters representing 73 patients were included in the analysis. The median PICU LOS was 9.04 days (IQR 3.99–20.35). The population was 53% male with a median age of 4.1 years (IQR 1.96–12.02). There were 57 Black/African American patients (68.7%) and 85.5% had public insurance. Based on census tract-level data, about half (49.4%) of the CMC severe sepsis population lived in census tracts classified as suffering from high social vulnerability. There were no statistically significant relationships between any socioeconomic and neighborhood level factors and PICU LOS. Conclusion: Pediatric CMC severe sepsis patients admitted to the PICU do not have prolonged lengths of ICU stay related to socioeconomic and neighborhood-level SDoH at our center. A larger sample with the use of individual-level screening would need to be evaluated for associations between social determinants of health and PICU outcomes of these patients.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Guia de Calentadores de Agua con Bomba de Calor para Pequenas Empresas

Esta guia esta destinada a propietarios de edificios y administradores de instalaciones interesados en electrificar los sistemas de calentamiento de agua de edificios comerciales a traves de sistemas nuevos o reemplazos. Esta guia tambien es un recurso para que los contratistas se familiaricen con los calentadores de agua comerciales con bomba de calor. Esta guia se enfoca en equipos de calentadores de agua con bomba de calor de fuente de aire unitario (estilo tanque), y aqui se incluyen informacion basica, mejores practicas y consideraciones clave. Un ingeniero debe ayudar a identificar las consideraciones especificas exclusivas de los sistemas individuales, segun sea necesario. This is the Spanish translation of NREL/FS-5500-84401, Heat Pump Water Heater Guide for Small Businesses.

decarbonization↗
DOE OSTI2025

Estrategias de agua caliente para edificios comerciales: Una guia breve

Las calderas comerciales utilizan gas combustible o petroleo, y a veces electricidad, para producir agua caliente o vapor que se distribuye en un edificio para calefaccion de espacios y/o agua caliente sanitaria. Las calderas se encuentran en edificios de todos los tamanos, desde viviendas residenciales hasta grandes complejos comerciales y, en general, las calderas se vuelven menos eficientes y confiables con el tiempo. La vida util media de una caldera de gas es de 24 a 35 anos1 y, aunque la caldera continue funcionando, se debe planificar su reemplazo alrededor de los 15 a 20 anos de antiguedad o cuando aumentan las necesidades de mantenimiento. La lista de opciones de equipo para reemplazar calderas a gas esta creciendo, especialmente en lo que respecta a bombas de calor. Es fundamental evaluar las opciones para identificar la mejor solucion antes de su instalacion, antes de que sea necesario un reemplazo urgente. En muchos edificios existentes, el equipo se reemplaza con poca planificacion, lo que puede resultar en una operacion ineficiente, mayores costos y mantener al edificio en un ciclo de 25 anos de alto consumo energetico y emisiones. Al planificar un nuevo sistema de agua caliente, se deben considerar las emisiones de carbono, el consumo de energia, los costos y los cambios en las demandas del edificio para lograr un sistema optimo. Un enfoque colaborativo, integral e innovador puede resultar en un sistema mas limpio, energeticamente eficiente y rentable que cumpla con las necesidades de su instalacion y favorezca la disminucion de emisiones en el lugar. Este documento informativo asiste a propietarios y administradores de edificios en la planificacion del reemplazo de calderas, comprendiendo las opciones y encontrando las soluciones mas adecuadas para su situacion.

caldera↗
DOE OSTI2026

Affordable and Scalable Modular Multifamily Housing: A Case Study on Cost, Construction Time Savings, and Waste Reduction in California: Preprint

Modular construction can significantly reduce waste when compared to traditional methods. This case study evaluates cost, construction time, and waste metrics for a 195-unit stick-built project and for a 66-unit modular project both based in Los Angeles, CA. We partner with SoLa Impact (real estate developer) and Model/Z (modular manufacturer) to evaluate the impact of Model/Z's 1-bedroom modular unit which is produced in a 160,000 sq ft local factory in South Los Angeles. We compare them to similar stick-built/site-built multifamily construction by the same developer in Los Angeles. This study finds that modular production reduced construction waste through precise prefabrication, concentrated workforce expertise, and streamlined logistics while cutting transportation needs, improving project efficiency and lowering associated timelines and costs. Economies of scale are being realized as Model/Z has produced over 500 affordable housing units and supplied for projects up to 188 units, shortening schedules and lowering per-unit costs and supporting affordable housing goals in income-challenged South Los Angeles. Modular methods offer a scalable, resource-efficient pathway to increasing affordable housing supply while reducing total development costs by 10-15% and project timelines by 50%, while simultaneously creating local jobs and training opportunities.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Energy response characterization of current-mode MeV Cherenkov aerogel detectors

Current-mode Cherenkov aerogel detectors have been used to measure time resolved spectra of MeV radiographic x-ray sources and have been considered to replace gas Cherenkov systems. The simulations of the Cherenkov response of aerogel detectors have uncertainties in how to model the complex structure of aerogels. Data from three sites—the Idaho electron beam, the Los Alamos Site electron beam and microtron sources at Los Alamos—have been used to calibrate the relative energy response of 15 aerogels, varying in density from 10 to 430 mg/cm 3 , from incident electrons with energies from 1 to 12 MeV. Detector simulations need to introduce density variation in the aerogels to match the collected data.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

NM 502 Road Safety Audit Report

The Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory - Parking and Transportation Services (LANL) have been working in close collaboration to seek solutions for parking, traffic operations, traffic safety, and transit issues facing LANL. NM 502 is a main route for employee traffic entering the lab as well as traffic in and out of the Los Alamos Townsite. The section of roadway in the vicinity of Camino Entrada is of particular interest as it was the site of two very serious crashes involving the extended LANL family, and it is also the entry point onto NM 502 for Los Alamos County Operations to include the school district and transit vehicles.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Requirements and Overview of the LAMP PDM Vault

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is located at Technical Area 53 (TA-53) at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. LANSCE is driven by an 800 mega electron volt (MeV) proton accelerator that delivered first beam in 1972. The LANSCE accelerator is unique in that it accelerates both H- (to full energy of 800 MeV) and H+ ions (up to 100 MeV currently but has accelerated high-power H+ beam to 800 MeV in the past) and supports five separate experimental areas that operate simultaneously with each having different timing and beam current requirements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Leveraging a Southern California Energy Innovation Cluster to Pilot and Validate Emerging Energy Technologies

The EPIC Pilot Program, led by the Los Angeles Cleantech Incubator (LACI), was designed to help early-stage clean technology startups accelerate technical validation, investment readiness, and market entry. The project focused on supporting startups in designing and deploying small-scale pilots with the guidance of EPIC Partners, a network of regional stakeholders in the Southern California energy ecosystem, including but not limited to: the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), the California Energy Commission (CEC), Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro), and Edison International, among others. Through mentorship, funding, and site access for technology deployments, the program provided a structured pathway for startups to test and refine their technologies in real-world settings.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Configuration Management Plan

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is located at Technical Area 53 (TA-53) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in Los Alamos, New Mexico. LANSCE is driven by an 800 megaelectronvolt (MeV) proton accelerator that delivered its first beam in 1972. The LANSCE accelerator is unique in that it accelerates both H– (to full energy of 800 MeV) and H+ ions (up to 100 MeV currently but has accelerated high-power H+ beam to 800 MeV in the past) and supports five separate experimental areas that operate simultaneously, with each having different timing and beam current requirements. Many of the LANSCE accelerator front-end components date back to original commissioning in 1972, including the ion sources, Cockcroft-Walton (CW) generators, and the Drift Tube LINAC (DTL), which accelerates the beam up to 100 MeV.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Trinity by the Numbers: The Computing Effort that Made Trinity Possible

Utilizing rarely used source materials and identifying points of bias among more commonly used sources, this critical review provides a more complete representation of wartime Los Alamos computing operations and personnel, including the Laboratory’s typically underrepresented human computers and how they contributed to the success of the Trinity test. This paper also identifies how the Laboratory’s unusual wartime computing demands served as a formative experience among many Los Alamos personnel and consultants who contributed significantly to the development and use of mechanized computing at and beyond Los Alamos after the war.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗