A technique for measuring mesospheric densities with the X-15 research airplane.
Atmospheric density measurements for altitudes up to 74 km from X-15 flights using stagnation pressure method
ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY↗
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A Study of the Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Infrared Radiative Transfer in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
No abstract available
Young, C.↗
Temporal variations of mesospheric oxygen and ozone during auroral events
Temporal solutions for photochemical equations describing distribution of ozone and oxygen during auroral events
Aikin, A. C.↗
Stratospheric-mesospheric coupling during stratospheric warmings
Thermal wave structure of stratospheric warming phenomenon of January 1963
Volland, H.↗
Variations of polar mesospheric oxygen and ozone during auroral events.
Temporal solutions of photochemical equations describing ozone and atomic oxygen distribution in oxygen atmosphere in polar regions
Aikin, A. C.↗
Radiative transfer in the mesosphere
Radiative temperature changes for molecular gases under non local thermodynamic equilibrium
Kuhn, W.↗
Temperature pressure, density, and wind measurements in the stratosphere and mesosphere, 1967
Temperature, pressure, density, and wind measurements in the stratosphere and mesophere, 1967
Casey, J. F.↗
Investigation of energy and deposition processes in the upper atmosphere and the interaction between the mesosphere and the thermosphere Annual progress report, 1 Mar. 1968 - 1 Jun. 1969
Transmittance of optical materials used in ultraviolet and subjected to proton irradiation
Mc Elaney, J. H.↗
Rocket borne ultraviolet spectrometer measurement of OH resonance fluorescence with a diffusive transport model for mesospheric photochemistry
Resonance fluorescence techniques for determining upper atmosphere hydroxyl radical
Anderson, J. G.↗
Interpolation constants for calculation of transmittance and rate of dissociation of molecular oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Values of band oscillator strengths and rotational line widths for the Schumann-Runge band system have been used to derive interpolation constants from which the transmittance and rate of dissociation of molecular oxygen can be calculated. These constants, valid for temperatures between 150 and 300 K and for column densities between 1 x 10 to the 17th power/cm sq and 7 x 10 to the 24th power/cm sq, cover the wavelength range 1750 and 2050A.
Hudson, R. D.↗
Meteorological and ecological monitoring of the stratosphere and mesosphere
A concept for determining the constituent densities of ozone, atomic oxygen, aerosols, and neutral density in the 20 to 1000 km region of the atmosphere from a satellite was developed. The concept includes the daytime measurement of solar scattering at the earth's limb in selected narrow spectral bands of the ultraviolet and visible regions, and the measurement of selected (dayglow) emissions. Nighttime measurements of the atmospheric extinction of stellar energy in selected bands are also considered as are simultaneous measurements of the 5577 airglow and molecular oxygen emission in the Herzberg band. Radiative-transfer models and recursive inversion algorithms are developed for the measurements, and the accuracy of the concept is assessed.
Newell, R. E.↗
Rocket measurement of OH in the mesosphere.
A volume density profile of the OH radical throughout the 45- to 70-km region of the earth's upper atmosphere is presented. A high-resolution polarized Ebert-Fastie spectrometer flown aboard a sounding rocket was used to obtain the data. The molecule was found to have a scale height significantly greater than that of the atmosphere, with local densities of 4.4 million/cu cm at 50 km, 5.5 million/cu cm at 60 km, and 3.5 million/cu cm at 70 km.
Anderson, J. G.↗
Ground-based passive microwave sensing of temperatures in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere.
Calculations are presented of the brightness temperature emission spectra of the 60-GHz O2 absorption band lines. Approximately 14 of these lines are predicted to be sufficiently strong for being measurable with state-of-the-art instruments. The intensity of the emission from these lines is shown to be quite sensitive to atmospheric temperature.
Waters, J. W.↗
Supersonic and subsonic measurements of mesospheric ionization.
An Arcas rocket-parachute system was used at night to compare supersonic and subsonic ionization measurements below 75 km. A hemispherical nose-tip probe was used on ascent and a parachute-borne blunt probe on descent to measure polar conductivities, which were due entirely to positive and negative ions. The velocity of the supersonic probe was Mach 2.5 at 50 km and 1.75 at 70 km; the blunt probe was subsonic below 71 km. Between 65 and 75 km the ratio of negative to positive conductivities (and thus of mobilities) determined by the blunt probe was about 1.2, and it approached 1 below this altitude range. The ratio obtained by the nose-tip probe varied from 1.5 at 75 km to .6 at 65 km, thus indicating a rapid variation of the effects of the shock wave on the sampled ions. The absolute values of positive conductivity measured subsonically and supersonically were essentially identical from 60 to 75 km, indicating that the sampled ions were unchanged by the shock. However, below 60 km the shock apparently 'broke up' the positive ions, as indicated by higher measured conductivities.
Hale, L. C.↗
The structure of irregular mesospheric variations.
The daily difference method developed by Woodrum and Justus (1968) has been used to analyze the existing data in the height range from 50 to 200 km for irregular variations which could be due to gravity waves. The results presented establish the magnitude as well as the vertical and latitudinal structure of the irregular atmospheric variations. It is pointed out that results obtained by Theon et al. (1969) indicate strong seasonal variation in the magnitude of upper atmospheric waves at high latitudes.
Justus, C. G.↗
Photodissociation rates of molecular oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
Use of recently obtained band oscillator strengths and predissociation line widths, for the Schumann-Runge band system to calculate the photodissociation rate of molecular oxygen as a function of column density and temperature by solar radiation between 1025 and 2500 A. Data are presented from which the mean transmission and photodissociation rates for given wavelength intervals between 1750 and 2025 A can be calculated for column densities between 10 to the 17th and 10 to the 23rd molecules/sq cm and for temperatures between 150 and 300 K. Also, the production of vibrationally excited oxygen molecules as a result of fluorescence in the Schumann-Runge bands is discussed.
Hudson, R. D.↗
Behavior of nitric oxide formed by the space shuttle in the mesosphere
A numerical model of eddy diffusive transport of emitted gases from the space shuttle wake, including chemical reactions between the emitted constituents and the ambient atmosphere, has been constructed for 75 km altitude. The numerical methods involve explicit solution of the diffusion equation and Runge-Kutta method for the chemical reactions. The time required to reach background levels of nitric oxide concentration of 7 x 10 to the 7th power molecules/cc has been calculated. This relaxation time depends strongly on atmospheric conditions.
Eberstein, I. J.↗
Specification of mesospheric density, pressure, and temperature by extrapolation
A procedure is presented which employs an extrapolation technique to obtain estimates of density, pressure, and temperature up to 90 km from 52 km data. The resulting errors are investigated. The procedure is combined with a special temperature interpolation method around the stratopause to produce such estimates at eight levels between 36 km and 90 km from North American sectional chart data at 5, 2, and 0.4 mb. Fifth charts were processed to obtain mean values and standard deviations at grid points for midseasonal months from 1964 to 1966. The mean values were compared with Groves' model, and internal consistency tests were performed upon the statistics. Through application of the extrapolation procedure, the atmospheric structure of a stratospheric warming event is studied.
Graves, M. E.↗