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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Support for the 66th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technologies and Nanofabrication (Final Report)

This project aimed to enable student participation in the 66th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technologies and Nanofabrication (EIPBN). EIPBN, affectionately known as “3-Beams,” is the premier gathering of scientists and engineers who are dedicated to electron, ion and photon lithography, imaging, and analysis; nanofabrication process technologies; atomically precise fabrication; related emerging technologies; and their applications in a broad spectrum of fields. It is where top researchers from academia, government laboratories, and industries from around the world meet to present and discuss recent trends and future innovations in these technologies. The goal of the conference is to advance knowledge by enabling the exchange of information concerning advanced and emerging nanofabrication and nanomanufacturing topics and how they enable traditional and novel applications.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

A New Reduced Order Model For The Mechanistic Creep Behavior Of UO 2

This manuscript describes an ongoing NEAMS effort to better determine the performance of advanced nuclear fuels, in particular the creep behavior of doped UO$_2$ for light water reactors. In our previous work, we outlined a method to utilize data generated from lower length scale simulations and implement it into the engineering scale fuel performance analysis. This process has been further refined, and in addition, new data has been used to train the surrogate model which has also been substantially improved since the previous iteration. The new model is compared against the current empirical model used in BISON using both scoping calculations to define the performance over the parameter space and using integral instrumented fuel assessment cases to determine the impact of these models on the overall fuel performance. Suggestions and guidance for future improvements to this method are provided to ensure the model covers relevant parameter space and phenomena.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

RANGERS: Modeling Report on Integrity and Performance Assessment of Engineered Barrier Systems in a Salt Repository for HLW/SNF

The Engineered Barrier System (EBS) plays an important role in ensuring the long-term safety and containment of high-level waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in deep geological repositories in salt formation. As part of a multi-barrier system, the EBS works alongside the natural barrier, which is the salt formation itself and the technical barrier comprising the disposal casks. The primary function of the EBS is to maintain containment during a defined period until the backfill used in the repository made of crushed salt, develops its sealing capacity through compaction. Over the time, the backfill eventually compacts to a state of low porosity and permeability, acting as a long-term seal. However, until this process is complete, the EBS must retain its structural and functional integrity. Regulatory guidelines in Germany currently require the EBS to remain effective for up to next ice age, that is expected in 50,000 years. The significant hydro-geological and topographic changes expected during an ice age could make it impossible to accurately predict the hydro-chemical conditions within the repository system at that time. In response to these challenges, BGE TECHNOLOGY GmbH (BGE TEC) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have jointly developed a comprehensive methodology for the design and safety assessment of engineered barrier systems within the scope of the RANGERS project. This methodology is tailored for repositories in salt formations. The developed methodology provides a structured approach for designing and assessing the performance of the EBS in salt-based repositories. It begins with defining a sealing concept based on the geological characteristics of the selected site and the overall repository design. The entire repository system, comprising the geological site, repository infrastructure, and EBS, is then subjected to a Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) analysis, focusing solely on those FEPs that affect the EBS. The derived FEPs help identify the loads and stresses acting on the EBS, which serve as the foundation for conducting an integrity assessment. This analysis helps predict the EBS’s evolution and performance over the regulatory time frame, feeding into integrated performance assessment simulations.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

Bayesian Statistical Analysis for Mass Spectrometric Data Processing

• Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is a “gold standard’ technique for actinide isotope amount ratio and assay measurements. • Ubiquitously used in: • Nuclear Nonproliferation • Nuclear Safeguards • Nuclear Forensics • Basic Science • Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) installed a new Thermo Scientific TRITON Plus TIMS in early 2024.

McLarty, Ellis C. [Savannah River National Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2025

Bayesian Statistical Analysis for Mass Spectrometric Data Processing

Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is a “gold standard’ technique for actinide isotope amount ratio and assay measurements. • Ubiquitously used in: • Nuclear Nonproliferation • Nuclear Safeguards • Nuclear Forensics • Basic Science • Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) installed a new Thermo Scientific TRITON Plus TIMS in early 2024.

McLarty, Ellis C. [Savannah River National Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2024

AI for Nuclear Safeguards Verification

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) utilizes AI/ML to analyze open-source information, including satellite imagery and scientific publications, to verify the completeness of State declarations regarding nuclear activities. AI/ML already assist the IAEA with automating processes and analysis of large datasets, including satellite imagery and unstructured data, improving efficiency and effectiveness of safeguards implementation. AI/ML in nuclear safeguards come with its own challenges that include the need for large, unbiased datasets, the risk of AI-generated fake information, including the potential for manipulation of satellite imagery.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

OLCF’s Advanced Computing Ecosystem (ACE): FY25 Update for Ongoing Efforts

The advent of widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models in science, coupled with fast data production rates of scientific instruments strain the traditional batch-oriented high-performance computing (HPC) environment. As scientific exploration continues to require more data and faster processing and analysis, new emerging technologies and capabilities to enable cross-facility and time-sensitive workflows are required for seamless integration of HPC and experimental facilities. The Advanced Computing Ecosystem (ACE) is a strategic initiative within the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) established in 2024 to support the development of cutting-edge technologies to advance computational research and infrastructure at OLCF and across the Department of Energy (DOE). Several DOE initiatives are spearheading the evolution of the scientific landscape by blurring facility boundaries and connecting the user facilities to advance scientific capabilities and ensure energy dominance. The DOE Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) program is one example that is laying a foundation to support complex cross-facility workflows. The IRI program aims to integrate diverse computational resources, data infrastructures, and scientific instruments to facilitate collaboration and accelerate scientific discovery. The Interconnected Science Ecosystem (INTERSECT) initiative at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is another example that aims to revolutionize scientific research through AI-driven, interconnected autonomous laboratories and research facilities. Finally, the American Science Cloud (AmSC), recently announced in the “One Big Beautiful Bill”, aims to leverage prior infrastructure efforts of the IRI and automation and AI efforts of INTERSECT (and others) to build a federated, AI-augmented AmSC platform to unify the DOE’s computing, experimental, and data resources to catalyze scientific innovation.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Embedding of Optical Fibers with Electric Field Assisted Sintering

The Electric Field Assisted Sintering (EFAS) technique was used for embedding the fibers, involving rapid heating via an electric current and pressure, reducing fiber exposure to high temperatures. Stainless steel guide tubes were inserted at the fiber-matrix junctions to prevent fiber breakage during the sintering process. The study varied key EFAS parameters—temperature (800°C to 980°C), pressure (40-50 MPa), and hold time (5-10 minutes)—to assess how they influenced fiber embedding. After embedding, the fibers were inspected using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) to evaluate optical losses and strain along the fiber length. The OFDR scans confirmed that the fibers remained intact, and subsequent transmission tests demonstrated no macroscopic fractures. The embedded samples were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans. These tests confirmed good bonding between the fiber and matrix with no cracking, though some porosity was present in samples fabricated at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures (980°C), the fiber-matrix bonding was continuous and defect-free, with metal coatings aiding in the bonding process. Elemental analysis showed interdiffusion between the fiber coatings and matrix materials, particularly between the gold coating and stainless steel. Helium leak tests revealed that lower sintering temperatures resulted in matrix porosity, causing leaks, but samples fabricated at 980°C were leak-tight.

46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗
DOE OSTI2026

The Effects of Beta Irradiation on the Performance of ATR Fiber Probes

The use of real-time inline monitoring to track the chemical composition of slurries is recognized as a promising method to reduce the processing time of Hanford tank waste. The conversion of waste into glass suitable for long-term storage requires adherence to waste acceptance criteria and process control limits that respectively ensure safe operation of the vitrification facility and suitable glass quality. Real-time measurements of blended waste materials can ensure that the various criteria are met or can be addressed in a timely manner.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Visualizing Solution Structure at Solid-Liquid Interfaces using Three-Dimensional Fast Force Mapping

Amongst the challenges for a variety of research fields are the visualization of solid-liquid interfaces and understanding how they are affected by the solution conditions such as ion concentrations, pH, ligands, and trace additives, as well as the underlying crystallography and chemistry. Here, in this context, three-dimensional fast force mapping (3D FFM) has emerged as a promising tool for investigating solution structure at interfaces. This capability is based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) and allows the direct visualization of interfacial regions in three spatial dimensions with sub-nanometer resolution. Here we provide a detailed description of the experimental protocol for acquiring 3D FFM data. The main considerations for optimizing the operating parameters depending on the sample and application are discussed. Moreover, the basic methods for data processing and analysis are discussed, including the transformation of the measured instrument observables into tip-sample force maps that can be linked to the local solution structure. Finally, we shed light on some of the outstanding questions related to 3D FFM data interpretation and how this technique can become a central tool in the repertoire of surface science.

Nakouzi, Elias↗
DOE OSTI2020

On Performance Prediction of Big Data Transfer in High-performance Networks

Big data generated by large-scale scientific and industrial applications need to be transferred between different geographical locations for remote storage, processing, and analysis. High-speed dedicated connections provisioned in High-performance Networks (HPNs) are increasingly utilized to carry out such big data transfer. HPN management highly relies on an important capability of performance (mainly throughput) prediction to reserve sufficient bandwidth and meanwhile avoid over-provisioning that may result in unnecessary resource waste. This capability is critical to improving the resource (mainly bandwidth) utilization of dedicated connections and meeting various user requests for data transfer. Conventional methods conduct performance prediction by fitting prior observed transfer history with predefined loss functions, without considering unobservable latent factors such as competing loads on end hosts. Such latent factors also have a significant impact on the application-level data transfer performance, which may result in an inaccurate prediction model. In this paper, we first investigate the impact of latent factors and propose a clustering-based method to eliminate their negative impact on performance prediction. We then develop a robust machine learning-based performance predictor by: i) incorporating the proposed latent factor elimination method into data preprocessing, and ii) adopting a customized domain guided loss function. Extensive experimental results show that our predictor achieves significantly higher prediction accuracy than several other state-of-the-art methods.

Liu, Wuji↗
DOE OSTI2021

Separations Consortium: Counter Current Chromatography

In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office in recovering coproducts in biorefineries this project evaluates the use of Counter Current Chromatography (CCC) in recovering co-products from Reductive Catalytic Fractionation (RCF) oil, Alkaline Pretreatment Liquor (APL), aqueous phase Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) oil, and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) oil. The project addresses three technology barriers in developing the bioeconomy; (1) Cost of production (2) Selective separation of organic acid species, and (3) Advanced bioprocess development. CCC is a unique, scalable, chromatographic technology that operates with two immiscible liquid phases moving counter current to one another. Unlike Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) technology, CCC is a true moving bed and because it uses liquids as both the stationary and mobile phase it can handle solids directly in the feed. This aspect of CCC allows it to skip the expensive filtration step needed prior to traditional SMB, furthermore the liquid phases are composed on relatively inexpensive organics (e.g. hexane and ethyl acetate). This project develops CCC methods for direct isolation of co-products from RCF oil, APL, HTL aqueous, and CFP oil. TechnoEconomic Analysis and process modeling is presented to compare CCC to SMB and assess its applicability in a holistic biorefinery. Initial results indicate approximately 4x reductions in solvent demand and 2x reduction in energy consumption compared to SMB.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Numerical Analysis of The Pool Boiling Process in Flooded Evaporators Using Different Refrigerants

The pool boiling process can be observed in several energy conversion processes including commercial and industrial refrigeration, industrial air-cooling operations, and power generation. The process becomes more involved when pool boiling in a tube bundle is considered. In the current study, a numerical model is developed to predict the key performance parameters of a flooded evaporator while considering a range of working fluids. A kettle reboiler configuration was considered, and a performance model was developed to account for boiling on individual tubes, merging of vapor bubbles, and movement under gravity. A volume of fluid (VOF) model was used to deal with the different phases in the simulation. Various fluids were considered in this study including HFE-7000, HFE-7300, and water. The trajectories of the bubbles were tracked, and the resulting information has been summarized in physical measurable quantities.

Zhang, Mingkan↗
DOE OSTI2023

Path Forward: Materials Data Modernization for ASME Codes and Standards in the Artificial Intelligence Era

Development of the ASME Materials Properties Database was initiated in the early 2010s to support the ASME Codes and Standards. As information technologies advance at an accelerated pace with the artificial intelligence era on the horizon, the ASME Materials Properties Database must be further modernized from a database to a knowledgebase to ride the wave of digital information revolution and effectively support the ASME Codes and Standards in the new era.This paper is intended to provide an overview of the ASME Materials Properties Database and discuss a roadmap for its future development to facilitate understanding of and participation from different sectors of the Codes and Standards community. It first reviews the basic concepts of data, information, knowledge, database, and database system; as well as the pros and cons in different types of data management, and then discusses the path forward for a desired evolution of the database into a self-explanatory and machine-readable knowledgebase that is consistent with human cognitive processes for the Codes and Standards development and furthermore provides resources for data processing and analysis to reach an eventual goal of streamlining the Codes and Standards development from the initial inquiry, throughout data submission, analysis, …, to Codes and Standards rule establishment for final publication.

Ren, Weiju↗
DOE OSTI2024

Technoeconomic Analysis of a Solar Thermochemical Fuel Production Process Using a Packed-Bed Redox Reactor

The production of sustainable liquid fuels is paramount in decarbonization of difficult to abate sectors such as the aviation and maritime sectors. Solar thermochemical fuel production is a promising pathway to produce such fuels using concentrated solar thermal (CST) power driving high-temperature redox reactions, coupled with a gas-to-liquid process. In this work we present a preliminary technoeconomic analysis of a solar fuels plant, utilizing a new fixed-bed countercurrent redox reactor and combining both CST and photovoltaic arrays to supply the required energy.

ENERGY STORAGE,HYDROGEN,SOLAR ENERGY↗