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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Manufacturing scalability implications of materials choice in inorganic solid-state batteries

The pursuit of scalable and manufacturable all-solid-state batteries continues to intensify, motivated by the rapidly increasing demand for safe, dense electrical energy storage. Here, we describe the numerous, often conflicting implications of materials choices that have been made in the search for effective mitigations to the interfacial instabilities plaguing solid-state batteries. Specifically, we show that the manufacturing scalability of solid-state batteries can be governed by at least three principal consequences of materials selection: (1) the availability, scaling capacity, and price volatility of the chosen materials’ constituents, (2) the manufacturing processes needed to integrate the chosen materials into full cells, and (3) the cell performance that may be practically achieved with the chosen materials and processes. While each of these factors is, in isolation, a pivotal determinant of manufacturing scalability, we show that consideration and optimization of their collective effects and trade-offs is necessary to more completely chart a scalable pathway to manufacturing.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Kinetics of moisture-induced phase transformation in inorganic halide perovskite

The high-temperature (high-T) phase of cesium lead iodide (CsPbI 3 ) presents great promise for photovoltaic applications; however, exposure to ambient moisture at room temperature transforms it into its less-desirable low-temperature (low-T) phase with a larger band gap. While there have been theoretical predictions on the influence of moisture level on the phase transformation kinetics, the corresponding quantitative experimental evidence has remained limited. Tracking CsPbI 3 phase transformation under controlled relative humidity (RH), we find that rising RH increases the nucleation rate of low-T CsPbI 3 exponentially, but has a weak effect on its growth. The overall transformation is nucleation limited, with higher RH leading to a lower nucleation barrier. Finally, we find that heating between 40°C and 80°C facilitates water desorption and suppresses phase transformation. Our findings elucidate the relationship between moisture and the phase energetics of CsPbI 3 , which can serve as references for thin film applications of CsPbI 3 and future designs of stable photovoltaics systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Designing inorganic electrolytes for solid-state Li-ion batteries: A perspective of LGPS and garnet

Solid state Li-ion batteries (SSLBs) are promising technologies for the next generation energy storage devices with higher energy density and enhanced safety. The solid state electrolyte (SSE) is a key component to deliver these desired electrochemical performance characteristics. Here we provide a brief review on the discovery, synthesis, structure, ion-conduction mechanism, and application of LGPS-type and garnet-type lithium ion conductors as two representative SSEs, aiming to extract principles for future design and discovery of favourable solid state Li-ion electrolytes for SSLBs. Recent advances in the strategies to address the challenges with respect to SSLBs are also discussed. Lastly, a perspective on the future research directions of SSLBs is provided.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Estimating soil N 2 O emissions induced by organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs using a Tier-2, regression-based meta-analytic approach for U.S. agricultural lands

Consistent methods are essential for generating country and region-specific estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions used for reporting and policymaking. The estimates of direct N 2 O emissions from U.S. agricultural soils have primarily relied on the use of emission factors (EFs, Tier-1) and process-based models (Tier-3). However, Tier-1 estimates are relatively crude while Tier-3 calculations can be costly. This work addressed this gap by developing a Tier-2, regression-based approach by leveraging a meta-database containing 1883 field N 2 O observations together with environmental and management covariates from 139 studies. Our results estimated higher monthly soil N 2 O emissions (N 2 O m , kg N/ha) during the growing season (0.38) than the fallow period (0.15), highlighting the importance of considering measurement periods when utilizing meta-databases for analyzing N 2 O drivers. Significantly different N 2 O m were found for tillage practices (conventional > no-till: 0.42 > 0.27), fertilizer type (liquid > solid manure: 0.55 > 0.32), and soil texture (fine > coarse: 0.36 > 0.22). The comparisons of the influence of crop type and rotation, water management, and soil order on N 2 O emissions are complicated by regional data availability and interactions among different factors. Additionally, the finding that N 2 O emissions reported based on area (N 2 O m ), N input rate (EF), or yield can alter treatment rankings underscores the need to establish transparent criteria for rewarding or discouraging regionally-based management practices using N 2 O metrics. Finally, we show how General Linear Models (GLMs) can be used to estimate country and regional Tier-2 N 2 O m using a suite of covariates. Our GLMs identified tillage, water management, N input type and rate, soil properties, and elevation as the most influential covariates for the conterminous U.S. The limited accuracy of regional-scale GLMs, however, suggests the need to further improve the quality and availability of GHG and covariate data through concerted efforts in data collection.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗