Space station needs, attributes and architectural options study. Final review executive summary briefing
User needs and mission requirements, architecture and mission implementation, and program costs and benefits are discussed.
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Spatial interferometry for white light processing: The coherence interferometer
An optical systems design approach for a parallel optical processor that has an information throughput capacity in excess of one petabit per second is discussed. This system enables predetection processing of white light, passively illuminated scenes. Integrated with a programmable Van der Lugt filter, this system is an effective data compression method. A program to implement this parallel optical processing by interferometry system is discussed.
Breckinridge, J. B.↗
Understanding a technical language: A schema-based approach
Workers in many job categories tend to develop technical languages, which are restricted subjects of natural language. A better knowledge of these retrictions provides guidelines for the design of the restricted languages of interactive systems. Accordingly, a technical language used by air-traffic controllers in their communications with pilots was studied. A method of analysis is presented that allows the schemata underlying each category of messages to be identified. This schematic knowledge was implemented in programs, which assume that the goal-oriented aspect of technical languages (and particularly the restricted domain of discourse) limits the processes and the data necessary in order to understand the messages (monosemy, limited vocabulary, evocation of the schemata by some command words, absence of syntax). The programs can interpret, and translate into sequences of action, the messages emitted by the controllers.
Falzon, P.↗
Formulation of a practical algorithm for parameter estimation with process and measurement noise
A new formulation is proposed for the problem of parameter estimation in dynamic systems with both process and measurement noise. The formulation applies to continuous-time state space system models with discrete-time measurements. Previous formulations of this problem encountered several theoretical and practical difficulties which are overcome by the new formulation. The most important element of the new formulation is a reparameterization of the unknown noise covariances. A computer program that implements the new formulation is available.
Maine, R. E.↗
The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System and its use in orbital operations
It is pointed out that the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS) is a key element in the Space Transportation System's ability to deploy, retrieve, and handle payloads in space. In addition, the RMS has the capability of performing other critical tasks such as inspection, construction, and satellite servicing. The present investigation is concerned with various end of arm tool concepts which could augment the RMS's capability enabling it to perform functions such as pushing/holding (applying pressure), prying, clamping (nonimpulse release) and shearing. Attention is also given to a tool for satellite servicing, a method for augmenting the operator's 'feel' for the job by force/moment sensing, and a possible four phase program for implementation of the tool system. A description is given of the key elements of RMS flight testing carried out to date.
Sachdev, S. S.↗
Image-Processing Educator
Apple Image-Processing Educator (AIPE) explores ability of microcomputers to provide personalized computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in digital image processing of remotely sensed images. AIPE is "proof-of-concept" system, not polished production system. User-friendly prompts provide access to explanations of common features of digital image processing and of sample programs that implement these features.
Gunther, F. J.↗
Efficient implementation of real-time programs under the VAX/VMS operating system
Techniques for writing efficient real-time programs under the VAX/VMS oprating system are presented. Basic operations are presented for executing at real-time priority and for avoiding needlless processing delays. A highly efficient technique for accessing physical devices by mapping to the input/output space and accessing the device registrs directly is described. To illustrate the application of the technique, examples are included of different uses of the technique on three devices in the Langley Avionics Integration Research Lab (AIRLAB): the KW11-K dual programmable real-time clock, the Parallel Communications Link (PCL11-B) communication system, and the Datacom Synchronization Network. Timing data are included to demonstrate the performance improvements realized with these applications of the technique.
Johnson, S. C.↗
Performance interface document for the S-band diplexer for space users of NASA networks
This report discusses the test results and interfacing information of the S-band diplexer development program supported by RTOP 310 funding. The program was implemented to reduce the S-band transponder noise figure by minimizing the receive channel insertion loss and to also provide Space Transportation System (STS) compatibility by providing 70-db rejection up to 16 GHz in the receive channel. This compatibility includes rejection of signals from the Shuttle S-band Data Link, the K-band Data Link, and the K-band Rendezvous Radar. The first of many projects to benefit from this accomplishment was the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS).
Line, L. G.↗
Applications of tethers in space: A review of workshop recommendations
Well-organized and structured efforts of considerable magnitude involving NASA, industry, and academia have explored and defined the engineering and technological requirements of the use of tethers in space and have discovered their broad range of operational and economic benefits. The results of these efforts have produced a family of extremely promising candidate applications. The extensive efforts now in progress are gaining momentum and a series of flight demonstrations are being planned and can be expected to take place in a few years. This report provides an analysis and a review of NASA's second major workshop on Applications of Tethers in Space held in October 15 to 17, 1985, in Venice, Italy. It provides a summary of an up-to-date assessment and recommendations by the NASA Tether Applications in Space Program Planning Group, consisting of representatives of seven NASA Centers and responsible for tether applications program planning implementation as recommended by the workshop panels.
Vontiesenhausen, G.↗
In-flight thrust determination on a real-time basis
A real time computer program was implemented on a F-15 jet fighter to monitor in-flight engine performance of a Digital Electronic Engine Controlled (DEES) F-100 engine. The application of two gas generator methods to calculate in-flight thrust real time is described. A comparison was made between the actual results and those predicted by an engine model simulation. The percent difference between the two methods was compared to the predicted uncertainty based on instrumentation and model uncertainty and agreed closely with the results found during altitude facility testing. Data was obtained from acceleration runs of various altitudes at maximum power settings with and without afterburner. Real time in-flight thrust measurement was a major advancement to flight test productivity and was accomplished with no loss in accuracy over previous post flight methods.
Ray, R. J.↗
Cockpit resource management training
The 6th General Flight Crew Training Meeting held in Montreal in May, 1984 was for most IATA member airlines the first time they had been exposed to what was then a relatively new aspect of flight crew training-resource management training. In reviewing the results of this meeting the IATA Flight Crew Training SubCommittee (FCTSC), which had been responsible for the agenda and the meeting itself, concluded that because very few airlines had implemented a program or even appeared to understand the term resource management, a member airline survey should be conducted and the results analyzed. This presentation shows the results of that survey in a form which can be related to the topics of the workshop.
White, Lawson C.↗
Stochastic model of the NASA/MSFC ground facility for large space structures with uncertain parameters: The maximum entropy approach
A stochastic control model of the NASA/MSFC Ground Facility for Large Space Structures (LSS) control verification through Maximum Entropy (ME) principle adopted in Hyland's method was presented. Using ORACLS, a computer program was implemented for this purpose. Four models were then tested and the results presented.
Hsia, Wei-Shen↗
New initiatives in the commercial development of space
This paper provides a status report on aggressive new initiatives by the NASA Office of Commercial Programs to implement new commercial space policy. The promotion of a strong U.S. commercial presence in space via Spacehab, the Space Shuttle external tanks, privatization of the Space Station, and the development of commercial remote sensing systems is addressed. The privatization of launch services and the development of a talent base for commercial space efforts are considered. Groups, policies, and plans involved in these developments are discussed.
Rose, James T.↗
A software simulation study of the long constraint length VLSI Viterbi decoder
A software simulation of long constraint length Viterbi decoders was developed. This software closely follows the hardware architecture that was chosen for the Very Large Scale Integration implementation. The program is used to validate the design of the decoder and to generate test vectors for the VLSI circuits.
Arnold, S.↗
Halogen occultation experiment (HALOE) optical witness-plate program
An optical witness plate program was implemented to monitor buildup of molecular contamination in the clean room during the assembly and testing of the Halogen Occulation Experiment (HALOE) instrument. Travel plates to monitor molecular contamination when the instrument is not in the clean room are also measured. The instrument technique is high-resolution transmission spectroscopy in the 3 micron spectral region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. Witness specimens of low index of refraction, infrared transmitting material are used for contaminant monitoring and for spectral signature analysis. Spectral signatures of possible molecular contamination are presented. No condensible volatile material contamination of HALOE optical witness specimens have yet been found.
Harvey, Gale A.↗
Application of the hypercube parallel processor to a large-scale moment method code
The applicability of a parallel computing architecture to the solution of a large-scale moment-method code is investigated. Specifically, the NEC (Numerical Electromagnetics Code) method-of-moments scattering program is implemented on a hypercube parallel processor. The accuracy and the increase in the speed of execution on this parallel architecture are demonstrated. The results show a very large reduction in execution time for large problems. The great potential of this parallel processor is shown for interactive solution of large NEC problems as well as other moment-method techniques such as the finite-element method.
Manshadi, Farzin↗
GSC configuration management plan
The tools and methods used for the configuration management of the artifacts (including software and documentation) associated with the Guidance and Control Software (GCS) project are described. The GCS project is part of a software error studies research program. Three implementations of GCS are being produced in order to study the fundamental characteristics of the software failure process. The Code Management System (CMS) is used to track and retrieve versions of the documentation and software. Application of the CMS for this project is described and the numbering scheme is delineated for the versions of the project artifacts.
Withers, B. Edward↗
On the feasibility of a spaceborne fault-tolerant hypercube
The feasibility of implementing a fault-tolerant hypercube architecture for space applications is discussed. Node-level architectures and designs are considered and a first-order reliability model is presented. It is shown how error recovery can be implemented using program rollback or roll-forward techniques. Shared memory augmentations to the message-passing structure can be used to get around the inefficiencies of multicomputers to provide efficient use of hardware to achieve the needed reliabilities while maintaining performance.
Rennels, David A.↗