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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2020

An Update to the Letter of Intent for MATHUSLA: Search for Long-Lived Particles at the HL-LHC

We report on recent progress in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC, updating the information in the original Letter of Intent (LoI), see CDS:LHCC-I-031, arXiv:1811.00927. A suitable site has been identified at LHC Point 5 that is closer to the CMS Interaction Point (IP) than assumed in the LoI. The decay volume has been increased from 20 m to 25 m in height. Engineering studies have been made in order to locate much of the decay volume below ground, bringing the detector even closer to the IP. With these changes, a 100 m x 100 m detector has the same physics reach for large c$\tau$ as the 200 m x 200 m detector described in the LoI and other studies. The performance for small c$\tau$ is improved because of the proximity to the IP. Detector technology has also evolved while retaining the strip-like sensor geometry in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) described in the LoI. The present design uses extruded scintillator bars read out using wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Operations will be simpler and more robust with much lower operating voltages and without the use of greenhouse gases. Manufacturing is straightforward and should result in cost savings. Understanding of backgrounds has also significantly advanced, thanks to new simulation studies and measurements taken at the MATHUSLA test stand operating above ATLAS in 2018. We discuss next steps for the MATHUSLA collaboration, and identify areas where new members can make particularly important contributions.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Q4 2019/Q1 2020 Solar Industry Update

The presentation, released quarterly, reviews major trends that occurred in the solar industry in 2019 and the first quarter of 2020. Major topics of focus will be global and U.S. supply & demand, module & system price, investment trends, and updates on U.S. government programs supporting the solar industry.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Summary of Expansions and Updates in GREET® 2020

The GREET® (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) model has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). GREET is a life-cycle analysis (LCA) tool, structured to systematically examine the energy and environmental effects of a wide variety of transportation fuels and vehicle technologies in major transportation sectors (i.e., road, air, marine, and rail) and other end-use sectors, and energy systems. Argonne has expanded and updated the model in various sectors in GREET 2020, and this report provides a summary of the release.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cloverleaf on HPE Apollo80 NSP-1 (A64FX) - an update

This presentation gives an update on Cloverleaf performance on A64FX. The backend stalls we reported previously have since been found to be very sensitive to compiler optimization level, at least for CCE. The unrolling and jamming that CCE does with –O3 makes a big difference. Unfortunately we get wrong answers for some of the test cases and need to use –hflex_mp=rigorous to get the 960x960 test to pass. This compiler option disables a lot of the optimizations needed for good performance on A64FX.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Brief Update on Advancements by Commercial Vendors/Options for Feeding and Pumping Biomass Slurries for Hydrothermal Liquefaction

In 2011, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), working as a partner in the National Advanced Biofuels Consortium, issued a report assessing the viable industrial feed system and pump options for a 2000 dry metric tons per day production-scale hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) plant (Berglin et al. 2012). This report was issued as PNNL-21981, Review and Assessment of Commercial Vendors/Options for Feeding and Pumping Biomass Slurries for Hydrothermal Liquefaction, and will be referred to as “Pump Survey” for reference. It had the following scope: • Identify relevant applications and industries operating at comparable scales • Interact with commercial vendors and pursue integration between vendors • Take advantage of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology • Supply and support vendor needs for biomass feedstock rheology characterization • Provide vendors with process requirements to support selection of conceptual design for feedstock handing and pump system • Obtain cost data to the extent possible from equipment vendors to support the technical economic analysis (TEA) • Identify issues associated scale-up. The current document represents an update to the prior report in order to: 1. Identify advancements in vendor-reported technologies 2. List reports of new experience or trials with biomass pumping applications 3. Determine if technology/application gaps identified in the prior report have been filled 4. Capture ideas on future research.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Background Data and Statistics on Low-Income Energy Use and Burden for the Weatherization Assistance Program: Update for Fiscal Year 2020

This report provides updated estimates of the energy consumptions, energy expenditures, and energy burdens of the population eligible to be served through the US Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) and by proxy, those clients actually served by the program. WAP continues to serve a population with an energy burden that is much greater than the rest of the county. The mean energy burden for the WAP-eligible population across the United States for FY 2020 is estimated to be 13.9% compared to 3.0% for households living above the 200% poverty threshold. The mean energy burden for households living below the 100% federal poverty line was estimated to be 30.9%. These energy burdens for the WAP-eligible population have remained steady at this high level over the last decade.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Countroom Gamma Spectroscopy Library Updates

The C-NR Countroom analyzes gamma spectroscopy data using three codes, SAP (which is the combination of SPECANAL and RAYGUN), GAMANAL and UNISAMPO. The codes use libraries which are chosen by the user of gamma emission data to do the identification and quantification. The Countroom maintains nine unique libraries for use in analysis. Historically, the values contained in these libraries has not been consistently updated and many values are quite old and do not reflect the state-of-the-art.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2021

States with Community Solar Policy Updates and Capacity Growth Potential [PowerPoint]

This presentation deck provides an overview of emerging community solar markets. The presentation covers specific states with emerging community solar markets who have new programs or policies without many currently interconnected projects, as well as states that have recently updated their community solar policies or programs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

An Update on Cardinal: Toward Full Core Pebble Simulations

The new DOE-NE Center of Excellence for Thermal-fluids applications in Nuclear Energy inaugurated in April 2018 considers and researches novel new solution strategies for historically challenging flow issues that still plague the current fleet of deployed Light Water nuclear Reactors (LWRs) as well as predicting various fluid flow and fluid related issues with advanced reactor technologies. Our advanced thermal-fluids research and development approach synergistically combines three natural, though overlapping, length and time scales in a hierarchal multi-scale approach to avoid the temptation and pitfalls of attempting to develop a single solve-all algorithm for physical fluid flow problems that will span nine orders of magnitude in spatial and temporal scales. To demonstrate the multi-scale philosophy of the center we focus on Fluoride Cooled High Temperature Reactors (FHRs), and in particular on the Berkley’s PB-FHR Mark-I design. The Fluoride salt cooled High temperature Reactor (FHR) is a class of advanced nuclear reactors that combine the robust coated particle fuel form from high temperature gas cooled reactors, direct reactor auxiliary cooling system (DRACS) passive decay removal of liquid metal fast reactors, and the transparent, high volumetric heat capacitance liquid Fluoride salt working fluids - such as Flibe - from molten salt reactors. This combination of fuel and coolant enables FHRs to operate in a high-temperature low-pressure design space that has beneficial safety and economic implications. The PB-FHR reactor relies on a pebble bed approach and pebble bed reactors are in a sense the poster child for multi-scale analysis. The lower length-scale simulator for pebble reactor cores comprises three physics: neutronics (OpenMC), thermal-fluids (Nek5000/NekRS) and fuel performance (BISON). As part of Center of Excellence ongoing research efforts we have developed Cardinal, a new tool platform for lower length-scale simulation. Cardinal tightly couples all three physics and leverages advances in MOOSE such as the MultiApp system and the concept of MOOSE-wrapped Apps. The present report provides an update on the development of Cardinal with an extension of Cardinal to GPUs. We also perform a first-of-a-kind demonstration simulation on Summit representing a 10x capability increase in terms of pebble count for Cardinal.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications (Summary Report)

The First Research Coordination Meeting of the CRP on “Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications” was held by video conference from 31 August to 4 September 2020 with more than 50 international experts from 16 countries attending the meeting. The CRP is devoted to evaluation efforts of cumulative and independent fission yields for incident energies from the thermal point up to 14 MeV on actinide targets. Produced fission yield evaluations should include full uncertainty quantification and are expected to combine available experimental data and state-of-art model information. Four working groups were created within the collaboration: 1) Availability of experimental fission product yield data for evaluations; 2) New fission product yield experimental data; 3) Fission product yield evaluation; and 4) Fission product yield validation. Technical discussions and the resulting work plan of the Coordinated Research Programme are summarized in this report.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Status Update for the Canister Deposition Field Demonstration

This report updates the high-level test plan for evaluating surface deposition on three commercial 32PTH2 spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters inside NUTECH Horizontal Modular Storage (NUHOMS) Advanced Horizontal Storage Modules (AHSM) from Orano (formerly Transnuclear Inc.) and provides a description of the surface characterization activities that have been conducted to date. The details contained in this report represent the best designs and approaches explored for testing as of this publication. Given the rapidly developing nature of this test program, some of these plans may change to accommodate new objectives or requirements. The goal of the testing is to collect highly defensible and detailed surface deposition measurements from the surface of dry storage canisters in a marine coastal environment to guide chloride-induced stress corrosion crack (CISCC) research. To facilitate surface sampling, the otherwise highly prototypic dry storage systems will not contain SNF but rather will be electrically heated to mimic the thermal-hydraulic-environment. Instrumentation throughout the canister, storage module, and environment will provide an extensive amount of information for the use of model validation. Manual sampling over a comprehensive portion of the canister surface at regular time intervals will offer a high-fidelity quantification of the conditions experienced in a harsh yet realistic environment.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Heavy-Duty Vehicle Activity Updates for MOVES Using NREL Fleet DNA and CE-CERT Data

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) is a publicly available tool used by researchers and policymakers to help understand motor vehicle emission sources at a national, county, and project level. Estimates of heavy-duty activity in the most recent version of the model at the time this work was conducted, MOVES2014, was identified as an area in need of improvement. The start activity in MOVES2014 is based on a limited and dated data set. In addition, MOVES2014 relies on drive cycles that represent on-network activity but do not account for idling activity that occurs on off-network roads, such as at a distribution center, while the truck is queuing or during loading and unloading. As a result, MOVES2014 may currently underestimate the number of starts and idle and soak time for heavy-duty trucks in real-world operation. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has previously leveraged its expansive Fleet DNA database of heavy-duty vehicles to idle and start activity for six of the nine heavy-duty vehicle source types of classes in the MOVES model. The data available in Fleet DNA from 416 conventional, diesel-powered vehicles provided activity estimates from more than 120,000 hours of operation throughout 14,682 vehicle days between October 2006 and January 2016. NREL calculated start fraction, starts per day, soak fraction, and idle fraction by hour of the day for each vehicle type, state, and vocation, and provided results in .CSV files that can be translated to MOVES table inputs. The idle and start activity from this initial analysis of Fleet DNA data was used to develop default idle and start data for heavy-duty vehicles in MOVES3. Satisfied with the results from the Fleet DNA data used for MOVES3, the EPA asked NREL to extend this start/soak/idle analysis using additional data from a larger number of vehicles for a potential future update to the MOVES model. Such a data set was achieved from a project led by the University of California at Riverside, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research & Technology (CE-CERT) and funded by California Air Resources Board. Specifically, this data set consists of 90 heavy-duty vehicles operated mainly in California, which can be separated into five of the nine heavy-duty vehicle classes in the MOVES model. In addition, the heavy-duty activity database collected by CE-CERT provided activity estimates from more than 44,000 hours of operation throughout 4,724 vehicle days between November 2014 and September 2016. This report details the analysis of the heavy-duty activity database collected from the University of California at Riverside by providing graphical analysis and context for the start, soak, and idle distributions. The comparison of the related results from both the Fleet DNA and CE-CERT data sets are documented as well.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Update on Nuclear Energy Projects and Plans in Ukraine (Meeting Report)

Following the 1986 disastrous accident at Chernobyl, gaining independence following the fall of the former Soviet Union, two revolutions, and on-going Russian intervention, Ukrainea is seeking to expand its use of commercial nuclear energy and to further reduce its dependence on Russia for energy. Nuclear energy in Ukraine has made a significant contribution toward achieving sustainable development and social goals. Ukraine is very vulnerable to the effects of climate change and nuclear is a cornerstone of the country’s effort to combat the effects. With broad support from the U.S. government, Ukraine is cooperating with the U.S. on fresh nuclear fuel supply, civilian nuclear security, outage optimization, spent fuel storage, and future nuclear technology. And is looking to tap U.S. expertise on plant management, and electric grid operations and expansion. NEIc hosted this virtual event to provide an update on nuclear energy projects and plans in Ukraine. Featured speakers included Yaroslav Demchenkov, Deputy Minister of Energy, Taras Kachka, Deputy Minister – Trade Representative, Petro Kotin, CEO, Energoatom,d and Ann K. Ganzer, Senior Bureau Official, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, U.S. Dept. of State. Maria Korsnick, NEI CEO, moderated the discussion. About forty individuals attended representing the Ukraine and U.S. governments, and U.S. suppliers.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Summary Report of the 1st RCM of the CRP on the Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications

The First Research Coordination Meeting of the CRP on “Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications” was held by video conference from 31 August to 4 September 2020 with more than 50 international experts from 16 countries attending the meeting. The CRP is devoted to evaluation efforts of cumulative and independent fission yields for incident energies from the thermal point up to 14 MeV on actinide targets. Produced fission yield evaluations should include full uncertainty quantification and are expected to combine available experimental data and state-of-art model information. Four working groups were created within the collaboration: 1) Availability of experimental fission product yield data for evaluations; 2) New fission product yield experimental data; 3) Fission product yield evaluation; and 4) Fission product yield validation. Technical discussions and the resulting work plan of the Coordinated Research Programme are summarized in this report.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Annual Technology Baseline: The 2021 Electricity Update [Slides]

Consistent cost and performance data for various electricity generation technologies can be difficult to find and may change frequently for certain technologies. With the Annual Technology Baseline (ATB), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory annually provides an organized and centralized set of such cost and performance data. The ATB uses the best information from the Department of Energy national laboratories' renewable energy analysts. The ATB has been reviewed by experts and it includes the following electricity generation technologies: land-based wind, offshore wind, utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PV), commercial-scale solar PV, PV plus storage, residential-scale solar PV, concentrating solar power, geothermal power, hydropower, utility-scale battery storage, coal, and natural gas. EIA data for nuclear and conventional biopower are included for reference. This webinar presentation introduces the 2021 update to the ATB Electricity data and documentation.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Information on Subsequent Updates to Regional Atlas - SECARB Virtual

During 2020, SSEB worked with its SECARB partners to develop an update for the sixth version of the Atlas to be published as a virtual-only edition by NETL. The following report provides content that was sent to NETL for the SECARB portions of Atlas VI. This report satisfies the requirements for Work Product 1.9.a.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗