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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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1,672 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Entropy-defect synergy for dual luminescence mechanism in spinel: Time-resolved anti-counterfeiting and fingerprint visualization

Multimodal luminescent materials, while promising for anti-counterfeiting, often lack dynamic time-dependent responses and controllable spatial distribution, limiting their encryption capabilities in the spatiotemporal dimension. Here, this work presents a coordinated control strategy based on entropy and defect engineering, and uses a backpropagation (BP) neural network for material screening to successfully prepare spinel Mg 0.8 (Fe 0.04 Co 0.04 Ni 0.04 Cu 0.04 Zn 0.04 )Cr 2 O 4 (MgA 5 CO) phosphors with time-dependent dynamic luminescence behavior. This phosphor simultaneously activated the d-d transition luminescence (∼618 nm) derived from Co 2+ /Cr 3+ and the defect luminescence (∼398 nm) related to zinc vacancies (V Zn ) in a single-phase solid solution. The phosphor exhibits a time-dependent color evolution from pink to purple under fixed-wavelength excitation, due to the different excited-state dynamics and decay lifetimes associated with the d-d transition and defect luminescence. Structural characterization and spectral analysis confirmed the existence of V Zn and its significant role in defect luminescence process. The fluorescent and dynamic luminescent properties of entropy-based spinel oxide enable its use in advanced anti-counterfeiting applications like fingerprint recognition and color-changing dedicated anti-counterfeiting mark, showing promise in high-end and time-dynamic anti-counterfeiting fields. This research not only developed a new type of fluorescent dynamic anti-counterfeiting material, but also provided a new idea for constructing advanced optical functional materials with multiple luminescence mechanisms.

Defect project↗
DOE OSTI2026

PIP-II LLRF Master Oscillator and Precision Reference Line - Station Level Design and Testing

The PIP-II superconducting linac at Fermilab requires a highly stable RF Reference Line to maintain phase syn- chronization throughout the accelerator. Temperature- induced changes in the electrical length of long coaxial cables can introduce phase drift and measurement errors. The reference-line architecture mitigates these effects by phase averaging the forward and reflected RF signals, while a phase-locked loop anchors the system to the mas- ter oscillator. This work focuses on the characterization, validation, and mechanical integration of station-level RF assemblies using CAD modeling, vector network analyzer measurements, and spectrum analyzer testing. PID-controlled thermal plates will stabilize critical RF components and further reduce temperature-dependent phase and amplitude variations. These methods sup- port repeatable, standardized designs that can be reliably integrated across the different reference-line stations.

Mosher, Alexander [U. Illinois, Chicago]↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-Fidelity Building Emulator for Integrated Comfort and Energy Analysis using EnergyPlus and Radiance

The growing need for smart, energy-efficient, and occupant-centric buildings has created a demand for advanced control systems that can optimize building operations to balance energy savings, demand flexibility, and comfort. However, current building energy simulation tools, such as EnergyPlus, have limitations that hinder the development and evaluation of these complex control systems. To address this challenge, we introduce a high-fidelity building emulator that dynamically couples EnergyPlus with Radiance for enhanced daylight modeling. The introduced workflow allows researchers and practitioners to rapidly develop and evaluate innovative control solutions. An example study looking at a south-facing office zone revealed up to 67% deviation in predicted light levels, which can significantly impact building assessment.

Yu, Tammie↗
DOE OSTI2025

Next-Generation Energy Technologies for Connected and Automated On-Road Vehicles (NEXTCAR) - Predictive Data-Driven Vehicle Dynamics and Powertrain Control: from ECU to the Cloud (Final Scientific/Technical Report)

This project developed and demonstrated a predictive, data-driven vehicle control system designed to improve energy efficiency and driving performance. The team created intelligent self-driving car technology that optimizes fuel and electricity use by proactively planning vehicle actions. By combining Level 4 autonomous driving capabilities with vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity, the system enables vehicles to adjust speed and change lanes in response to traffic signals, surrounding vehicles, and road conditions, reducing unnecessary stops and delays. In testing, the system improved vehicle fuel economy by more than 30% and reduced travel time by approximately 10%, compared to a conventional adaptive cruise control baseline. These results demonstrate the technical effectiveness of using predictive, V2X-enabled strategies, such as traffic light timing and surrounding traffic awareness, to inform real-time vehicle powertrain control and driving behavior. Additionally, a supporting cloud platform was developed to provide dispatch and route recommendations as well as to log vehicle data, demonstrating the economic feasibility of this approach at the fleet level. By optimizing dispatching and routing operations, this technology enables electric fleet operators to use their vehicles more efficiently and reduce reliance on diesel backups, lowering both operating costs and energy consumption. Overall, this project’s technology advances the future of clean, energy-efficient transportation, enabling vehicles and fleets to reduce energy waste, cut costs, and lower emissions through intelligent automation and connectivity.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Connectivity, Pathology, and ApoE4 Interactions Predict Longitudinal Tau Spatial Progression and Memory

ABSTRACT Tau pathology spread into neocortex indicates a transition from healthy aging to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Connectivity between tau epicenters and later accumulating regions of cortex has been proposed as a mechanism of tau spread, but how this relationship changes with greater AD pathology burden or genotype is not understood. We investigated tau accumulation in two key regions, precuneus and inferior temporal cortex, using resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) and longitudinal PET imaging from a multicohort sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults. We examined how baseline tau PET, Aβ PET, and ApoE4 genotype status interact with rsFC between hippocampus and these downstream regions to predict rate of tau accumulation in neocortex. We found that the 3‐way interaction between connectivity, baseline tau, and baseline Aβ or ApoE4 status was associated with neocortical tau accumulation in precuneus and inferior temporal cortex. In addition, baseline tau, Aβ, and ApoE4 status also moderated the association between connectivity and rate of memory decline. Together, these results suggest that the extent and distribution of future tau accumulation may be predicted by the interaction of baseline connectivity, AD pathology, and genetic risk.

Neurosciences & Neurology↗
DOE OSTI2023

RadioGalaxyNET: Dataset and novel computer vision algorithms for the detection of extended radio galaxies and infrared hosts

Abstract Creating radio galaxy catalogues from next-generation deep surveys requires automated identification of associated components of extended sources and their corresponding infrared hosts. In this paper, we introduce RadioGalaxyNET, a multimodal dataset, and a suite of novel computer vision algorithms designed to automate the detection and localization of multi-component extended radio galaxies and their corresponding infrared hosts. The dataset comprises 4 155 instances of galaxies in 2 800 images with both radio and infrared channels. Each instance provides information about the extended radio galaxy class, its corresponding bounding box encompassing all components, the pixel-level segmentation mask, and the keypoint position of its corresponding infrared host galaxy. RadioGalaxyNET is the first dataset to include images from the highly sensitive Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope, corresponding infrared images, and instance-level annotations for galaxy detection. We benchmark several object detection algorithms on the dataset and propose a novel multimodal approach to simultaneously detect radio galaxies and the positions of infrared hosts.

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Renewable Energy and Efficiency Technologies in Scenarios of U.S. Decarbonization in Two Types of Models: Comparison of GCAM Modeling and Sector-Specific Modeling

Energy system projections from analytic models inform actions ranging from short-term and local decisions, such as technology and infrastructure deployment, to global and long-term negotiations and targets. Computational limits require the designers of these models to trade off between coverage and resolution. Some models, such as the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM), represent all energy sources and uses but at a relatively coarse level of resolution. GCAM balances global supply and demand of all energy carriers by endogenously projecting prices for energy sources and costs of greenhouse gas mitigation while capturing interlinkages between the energy system, water, agriculture and land use, the economy, and the climate. This global model was used to frame the Long-Term Strategy released by the White House in 2021 and has been used to inform national and global economy-wide decarbonization discussions and strategy development for decades. Other models instead focus on a portion of the energy sector with greater detail and resolution. The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) electricity-sector model, for example, projects capacity expansion with an emphasis on integration of variable renewable energy into the grid of the future. The Transportation Energy and Mobility Pathway Options (TEMPO) transportation-sector model enables analysis of household choices in adoption, charging, and use of electric vehicles. The Scout buildings-sector model supports detailed consideration of the policies and markets that can accelerate the adoption of energy conservation measures in buildings. Such sector-specific models are instrumental in informing technology research, sectoral planning strategies, and sector-specific aspects of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies in the United States. These global and sector-specific modeling approaches can complement each other. The global approach ensures consistent, endogenous energy pricing and resource allocation, which can substantially diverge from current conditions in transformative scenarios, while the sector-specific approach facilitates representation of granular details across spatial, temporal, technological, and market dimensions that enable exploration of particular interactions and trade-offs. This report presents the results of recent work to explore the differences and tradeoffs between these approaches by comparing GCAM with the sector-specific ReEDS, TEMPO, and Scout models. The report compares both model structures and results, and discusses their potential relevance and applications.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Transient histone deacetylase inhibition reveals cell type invariant and specific effects of chromatin decondensation on irradiation response

Radiation therapy plays a prominent role in breast cancer treatment, but the high doses of radiation damage both healthy and cancerous cells. Therefore, additional research is needed into combination therapies that could preferentially radiosensitize cancer cells compared to surrounding healthy tissue without causing deleterious side effects. Histone deacetylase inhibitor drugs (HDACis) have been tested as radiosensitizers in both basic research and clinical trials, but the long exposure time typically used in these treatments and the lack of matched healthy cell controls often leave aspects of their mechanism of action unclear. Here, we show that transient (2 h) trichostatin A (TSA) treatment of cancerous and non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell lines increases immediate DNA damage and decreases long term cell viability in both cell types at high radiation doses. Transient TSA treatment also causes an increase in DNA damage signals after 5 Gy X-rays in other cancer and healthy cell types: A375 melanoma cells and BJ5-ta fibroblasts. This suggests that chromatin decompaction acts to increase cellular vulnerability to initial DNA damage from high doses of radiation in a cell type independent manner that does not rely on changes to DNA repair pathways caused by longer TSA treatment. However, responses to lower doses of radiation and long term survival are more cell type specific: only MCF7 cells experience an effect of TSA on DNA damage after 1 Gy X-ray radiation while MCF10a cells experience somewhat more evident cell viability effects of combined TSA and radiation treatment long term.

Li, Heng [Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Bi↗
DOE OSTI2026

Role of Fluid and Temperature in Fracture Mechanics and Coupled THMC Processes for Enhanced Geothermal Systems

The ability to sustain high energy extraction efficiency from Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) is affected by the ability to measure, characterize, and predict the effect of different perturbations that arise from fluid injection rates, fluid temperature, and shut-in conditions on existing and stimulated fracture systems throughout a subsurface reservoir’s lifecycle. The difficulty arises from limited knowledge of the interaction of fluid and temperature driven fractures with frictional interfaces that govern local deformation and frictional behavior in the surrounding rock. Thermo-poro-mechanical coupled processes tend to dominate this interaction and strongly affect the permeability and local stress distributions that impact efficiency and prevent optimal stimulation conditions over multi-decadal time frames.

Pyrak-Nolte, Laura [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, ↗
DOE OSTI2025

The glass-ceiling convective regime and the origin and diversity of coronae on Venus

Venus and Earth are rocky planets of roughly the same size and bulk density, yet their surface volcanic and tectonic features appear substantially different. On Venus, the coexistence of large volcanic highlands—interpreted as the surface expression of long-lived mantle plumes—alongside coronae, smaller features thought to be caused by transient thermal diapirs, remains enigmatic. Using two-dimensional numerical models of mantle convection with sharp and broad mineral phase transitions for pyrolite, we show that both scales of upwellings can be generated in a stagnant lid planet with an interior temperature 250 to 400 K warmer than Earth’s. The smaller plumes originate from a ~600 km deep internal layer that exists as a consequence of the different sequence of mineral phase transitions that occur in warmer mantles less processed and differentiated by partial melting and volcanism. Future models that include melting will provide further tests of our hypothesis.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗