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At least 451 records · Page 25

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DOE OSTI2022

Post-Closure Report for Closed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Units, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, For Calendar Year 2021 (Revision 1)

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Evaluating the Impacts of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 45Q Tax Credit on CCS Network Costs

This study evaluates the impact of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (BBA)-amended 45Q tax credit on integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS) networks for source types and geologic storage reservoirs common to the north-central U.S. The integrated CCS networks evaluated were chosen to closely replicate those in the forthcoming National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) central U.S. CCS cost options study’s Northwest CCS Network Regional Impact Area (Northwest Impact Area).

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Chemical and Cement Components 2021 Inventory Estimates for Additional Panels National Environmental Policy Act Analysis

This standard analysis report provides the estimates for the chemical (oxyanions and complexing agents) and cement components with a data collection cut-off date of December 31, 2021. These estimates will be included in a response to an inventory data request developed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) performance assessment (PA) for the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analysis on additional panels for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2021

Post-Closure Report for Closed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Units, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada: For Calendar Year 2020 (Rev. 2)

This report serves as the combined annual report for post-closure activities in compliance with the requirements listed in Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Permit Number NEV HW0101 associated with the following closed corrective action units (CAUs): 1) CAU 90, Area 2 Bitcutter Containment; 2) CAU 91, Area 3 U-3fi Injection Well; 3) CAU 92, Area 6 Decon Pond Facility; 4) CAU 110, Area 3 WMD U-3ax/bl Crater; 5) CAU 111, Area 5 WMD Retired Mixed Waste Pits; 6) CAU 112, Area 23 Hazardous Waste Trenches The locations of the sites are shown in Figure ES-1. This report covers calendar year 2020. The post-closure requirements for these sites are described in RCRA Permit NEV HW0101 and are summarized in each CAU-specific section of this report. The results of the inspections, a summary of maintenance activities, and an evaluation of monitoring data are presented in this report. Site inspections are conducted annually at CAUs 90, 91, and 112; semiannually at CAUs 92 and 110; and quarterly at CAU 111. Additional inspections are conducted at CAUs 92 and 111 if precipitation occurs in excess of 1.0 inch in a 24-hour period. Inspections include an evaluation of the condition of the units, including covers, fences, signs, gates, and locks. At CAUs 110 and 111, soil moisture monitoring and subsidence surveys are conducted in addition to the visual inspections. At CAU 110, the site fence, gate, lock, and use restriction signs are evaluated. At CAU 111, an ecological survey, direct radiation monitoring, air monitoring, radon flux monitoring, and groundwater monitoring are also conducted. This report will address all monitoring item notes above except groundwater monitoring. Groundwater monitoring is documented in the Nevada National Security Site Data Report: Groundwater Monitoring Program Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site. All required inspections, maintenance, and monitoring were conducted in accordance with the post-closure requirements of the permit. Revision 6 of RCRA Permit NEV HW0101 was issued effective December 10, 2015, and remained in effect until December 10, 2020. At the time of this report submittal, the new RCRA permit application was in review.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

DES-Y3 galaxies & ACT DR4 CMB lensing tomography

We present a measurement of the cross-correlation between the \maglim galaxies selected from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) first three years of observations (Y3) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 4 (DR4), reconstructed over $\sim 436$ $\sqdeg$ of the sky. Our galaxy sample, which covers $\sim 4143$ $\sqdeg$, is divided into six redshift bins spanning the redshift range of $0.20<z<1.05$. We adopt a blinding procedure until passing all consistency and systematics tests. After imposing scale cuts for the cross-power spectrum measurement, we reject the null hypothesis of no correlation at 9.1$\sigma$. We constrain cosmological parameters from a joint analysis of galaxy and CMB lensing-galaxy power spectra considering a flat \LCDM model, marginalized over 23 astrophysical and systematic nuisance parameters. We find the clustering amplitude $S_8\equiv \sigma_8 (\Omega_m/0.3)^{0.5} = 0.75^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$. In addition, we co nstrain the linear growth of cosmic structure as a function of redshift. Our results are consistent with recent DES Y3 analyses and suggest a preference for a lower $S_8$ compared to results from measurements of CMB anisotropies by the \textit{Planck} satellite, although at a mild level ($< 2 \sigma$) of statistical significance.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Post-Closure Report for Closed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Corrective Action Units, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada For Calendar Year 2022

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Fielding Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests at the National Security Research Center

For staff at the Lab’s National Security Research Center, fulfilling requests for information can sometimes be a bit otherworldly. Some of these requests are made under the Freedom of Information Act or FOIA, which are submitted to NNSA by the public and directed to LANL for records search and review. The topics of these requests range from technical reports to records on unidentified flying objects. “Fulfilling FOIA requests is an important part of what we do here,” said NSRC senior archivist Daniel Alcazar (WRS-NSRCMS). “It’s critical to our mission to ensure the public has access to information it has the right to see.” Congress passed the FOIA in 1967, giving any person the right to request access to federal agency records so they can better understand the U.S. Government’s operations and activities. Federal agencies are required to disclose information requested under the FOIA, unless it falls under one or more of nine exemptions protecting interests such as personal privacy, national security, and law enforcement. Often described as the law that keeps citizens in the know about the government, the FOIA is a vital part of U.S. democracy. The Laboratory’s FOIA program works with over a hundred requests for records each year. As the Lab’s classified research and technical library dedicated to information stewardship and education, the National Security Research Center (NSRC) regularly assists with these requests– as many as 45 per year. Public queries cover a spectrum of topics, but most common include requests for Manhattan Project era documents and memoranda, Los Alamos technical reports, Los Alamos-produced historical and scientific motion picture film and videos, as well as those seeking any documents or files pertaining to a former scientist, engineer or employee. While less common, Alcazar estimates that he receives a few FOIA requests a year related to unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and unexplained aerial phenomena (UAP).

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Development of R&D GREET 2023 Rev1 to Estimate Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Sustainable Aviation Fuels for 40B Provision of the Inflation Reduction Act

The federal Interagency Working Group on sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) tasked Argonne National Laboratory with developing a modified version of the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Technologies (GREET) model based on R&D GREET 2023. The goal of the new GREET version is to simulate the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with seven sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) pathways for consideration under the 40B Provision of the Inflation Reduction Act – Sustainable aviation fuel credit. The Provision includes a new GHG-based tax credit to incentivize SAF production and reduce the costs of these fuels.

02 PETROLEUM↗

DOE OSTI2023

Hawai'i Pathways to Decarbonization: Act 238, Session Laws of Hawai'i 2022

Act 238 mandated the Hawaii State Energy Office (HSEO) generate a report analyzing the pathways to achieve state and economy-wide 50% emissions reductions from 2005 levels by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2045. NREL supported HSEO in analyzing the electric sector impacts of these decarbonization pathways by performing a capacity expansion modeling analysis for the Oahu, Hawai'i island, Kaua'i, Maui, Moloka'i, and Lana'i island electric grids. NREL used the Engage capacity expansion modeling tool and PRAS resource adequacy tool to perform these analysis.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Community Energy Storage Financing: Resources and structures under the Inflation Reduction Act

New federal financial resources are available to community-based energy storage projects and new financing structures are emerging in response. Many of these new resources arise from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which makes billions of dollars available for clean energy technology like energy storage. It also makes clean energy tax credits available to certain community entities through a new elective pay mechanism. These new resources are a significant opportunity. Navigating their nuances may be challenging. This paper aims to identify and raise awareness of these developments and serve as a resource guide for community entities considering or pursuing community energy storage. The paper is arranged around key financial considerations that a community entity might weigh: the benefits desired from the project, the costs to provide those benefits, project ownership, pursuing tax credits, and additional sources of capital. These considerations give rise to several potential financial structures that are identified and finally compared.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Opportunities for Pumped Storage Hydropower under the Inflation Reduction Act [Slides]

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) creates significant incentives for clean energy technologies including pumped storage hydropower (PSH). The investment tax credit (ITC) is expected to sunset in 2033 (or later). This decade-long window of opportunity can accommodate the lead times typically necessary for developing PSH. The ITC for PSH likely ranges from 6%-50%. Portions of the ITC are spatially dependent. 22 states have the potential for deployment of PSH at a feasible site with the maximum ITC of 50%, based on currently defined areas under the energy community tax credit bonus. Regions including the central Rockies, Appalachia and the California-Nevada border have especially high combined potential for site feasibility and ITC.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

NEPATEC v2.0: Standardized Metadata and Text Corpus of National Environmental Policy Act Documents

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (NEPA), is a major environmental law in the United States, requiring Federal agencies to consider and document potential environmental impacts before deciding on a proposed action. Modernization of NEPA and permitting processes faces significant challenges due to the lack of standardized formats and interoperable systems for organizing and sharing NEPA-related information across agencies. Much of the information gathered during NEPA reviews is written into documents such as categorical exclusions, environmental assessments, and environmental impact statements, then filed in predominately independent agency file stores that may or may not be publicly accessible. The application of metadata and data standards, such as those recommended by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), to NEPA documents offers a shared vocabulary and structure for key entities like projects, processes, and documents that can streamline information exchange and enhance collaboration across systems. In this work, we publicly release NEPATEC2.0, an expanded corpus of NEPA documents with associated metadata. NEPATEC2.0 encompasses approximately 120,000 documents from 60,000 projects prepared by more than 60 different agencies. Modeled to align with CEQ metadata standards, NEPATEC2.0 promotes consistency in environmental reviews and supports the ongoing effort to modernize permitting technologies by facilitating more transparent, efficient, and data-driven decision-making. Importantly, NEPATEC2.0 demonstrates the possibilities and limitations of large language model-based prompting to extract information from NEPA documents at scale.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management 2024 Annual Site Inspection and Monitoring Report for Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act Title I Disposal Sites

This report, in fulfillment of a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license requirement, presents the results of long-term surveillance and maintenance activities conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management (LM) in 2024. These activities occurred at the 19 uranium mill tailings disposal sites established under Title I of the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) and verify that the UMTRCA Title I disposal sites remain in compliance with license requirements and Long-Term Surveillance Plans (LTSPs). Individual chapters for each site are available on the LM public website at https://energy.gov/lm/sites/lm-sites.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

DOE Early Career Project Annual Report: Disentangling the factors controlling the emission of bioparticles that act as ice nucleating particles

This report describes the accomplishments, progress, and obstacles encountered during the first project year of the U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research program Early Career project, “Disentangling the factors controlling the emission of bioparticles that act as ice nucleating particles.”

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2010

Recovery Act: A Low Cost Spray Deposited Solar PV Anti-Reflection Coating Final Technical Report

PV module glass is typically low iron glass which exhibits extremely low absorption of light at solar wavelengths. However, reflection losses from typical high quality solar glass are about 4.5% of the input solar energy. By applying an antireflection coating to the cover glass of their modules, a PV module maker will gain at least a 3% increase in the light passing through the glass and being converted to electricity. Thus achieving an increase of >3% in electricity output from the modules. This Project focussed on developing a process that deposits a layer of porous silica (SiO2) on glass or plastic components, and testing the necessary subcomponents and subsystems required to demonstrate the commercial technology. This porous layer acts as a broadband single layer AR coating for glass and plastics, with the added benefit of being a hydrophilic surface for low surface soiling.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2010

2009 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Report for the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, Title III, Section 313

For reporting year 2009, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) submitted a Form R report for lead as required under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to- Know Act (EPCRA) Section 313. No other EPCRA Section 313 chemicals were used in 2009 above the reportable thresholds. This document was prepared to provide a description of the evaluation of EPCRA Section 313 chemical use and threshold determinations for LANL for calendar year 2009, as well as to provide background information about data included on the Form R reports.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2023

The differing effects of a dual acting regulator on SIRT1

SIRT1 is an NAD + -dependent protein deacetylase that has been shown to play a significant role in many biological pathways, such as insulin secretion, tumor formation, lipid metabolism, and neurodegeneration. There is great interest in understanding the regulation of SIRT1 to better understand SIRT1-related diseases and to better design therapeutic approaches that target SIRT1. There are many known protein and small molecule activators and inhibitors of SIRT1. One well-studied SIRT1 regulator, resveratrol, has historically been regarded as a SIRT1 activator, however, recent studies have shown that it can also act as an inhibitor depending on the identity of the peptide substrate. The inhibitory nature of resveratrol has yet to be studied in detail. Understanding the mechanism behind this dual behavior is crucial for assessing the potential side effects of STAC-based therapeutics. Here, we investigate the detailed mechanism of substrate-dependent SIRT1 regulation by resveratrol. We demonstrate that resveratrol alters the substrate recognition of SIRT1 by affecting the K M values without significantly impacting the catalytic rate k cat ). Furthermore, resveratrol destabilizes SIRT1 and extends its conformation, but the conformational changes differ between the activation and inhibition scenarios. We propose that resveratrol renders SIRT1 more flexible in the activation scenario, leading to increased activity, while in the inhibition scenario, it unravels the SIRT1 structure, compromising substrate recognition. Our findings highlight the importance of substrate identity in resveratrol-mediated SIRT1 regulation and provide insights into the allosteric control of SIRT1. This knowledge can guide the development of targeted therapeutics for diseases associated with dysregulated SIRT1 activity.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

Effects of the U.S. inflation reduction act on SMR economics

The U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 provides a wide array of tax credits and other incentives for low-carbon energy. The technology-neutral clean generation production tax credit (PTC) (Section 45Y of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code) and the technology-neutral investment tax credit (ITC) (Section 48E) lower the net cost of new electricity generation projects with zero or negative greenhouse gas emission rates. We evaluate the impact of the IRA legislation—specifically the PTC and ITC—on the cost-competitiveness of small modular reactors (SMRs). We use the Argonne Low-carbon Energy Analysis Framework (A-LEAF) model to calculate the capacity factor of an SMR with a range of hypothetical variable operating and maintenance (O&M) costs in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) electricity market. We selected ERCOT for market modeling because of its competitive structure, available data, and extensive use in prior literature. We use a discounted cash flow model to calculate the SMR’s net present value based on the market prices and capacity factors from A-LEAF, hypothetical ranges of capital and variable O&M costs, and other input parameters, with or without the IRA tax credits. We determine the SMR owner’s optimal choice of PTC or ITC for the hypothetical ranges of capital and variable O&M costs. We also evaluate potential shifts in the SMR owner’s optimal choice of PTC or ITC based on historical patterns of nuclear capital cost overruns in the United States. We also assess the sensitivity of our results to longer PTC period and electricity prices from the New England market, which tend to be higher than electricity prices in ERCOT. We find that even with the IRA tax credits, only SMRs with low capital and variable O&M costs would be economically feasible in the low-price ERCOT market scenario modeled. A longer PTC period and higher-price market such as New England, however, would significantly expand the economic feasibility of SMRs in the United States.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗