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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Symmetrization of the Coulomb pairing potential by electron-phonon interaction

It is shown that the Coulomb superconducting pairing in systems with the Fermi contour nesting can be described by a quasi-one-dimensional potential oscillating in real space. The supplement of this repulsive potential with an isotropic pairing attraction corresponding to the phonon superconductivity mechanism and including the effect of predominant forward scattering upon electron-phonon interaction leads to symmetrization of this potential and a considerable increase in the superconducting transition temperature.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nonadiabatic creation of macroscopic superpositions with strongly correlated one-dimensional bosons in a ring trap

We consider a strongly interacting quasi-one-dimensional Bose gas on a tight ring trap subjected to a localized barrier potential. We explore the possibility of forming a macroscopic superposition of a rotating and a nonrotating state under nonequilibrium conditions, achieved by a sudden quench of the barrier velocity. Using an exact solution for the dynamical evolution in the impenetrable-boson (Tonks-Girardeau) limit, we find an expression for the many-body wave function corresponding to a superposition state. The superposition is formed when the barrier velocity is tuned close to multiples of an integer or half-integer number of Coriolis flux quanta. As a consequence of the strong interactions, we find that (i) the state of the system can be mapped onto a macroscopic superposition of two Fermi spheres rather than two macroscopically occupied single-particle states as in a weakly interacting gas, and (ii) the barrier velocity should be larger than the sound velocity to better discriminate the two components of the superposition.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Non-Fermi liquids from holography

We report on a potentially new class of non-Fermi liquids in (2+1)-dimensions. They are identified via the response functions of composite fermionic operators in a class of strongly interacting quantum field theories at finite density, computed using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We find strong evidence of Fermi surfaces: gapless fermionic excitations at discrete shells in momentum space. The spectral weight exhibits novel phenomena, including particle-hole asymmetry, discrete scale invariance, and scaling behavior consistent with that of a critical Fermi surface postulated by Senthil.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Structure, bonding, and magnetic response in two complex borides: Zr{sub 2}Fe{sub 1-{delta}}Ru{sub 5+{delta}}B2 and Zr{sub 2}Fe{sub 1-{delta}}(Ru{sub 1-x}Rh{sub x}){sub 5+{delta}}B2

Polycrystalline samples of two complex intermetallic borides Zr{sub 2}Fe{sub 1-{delta}}Ru{sub 5+{delta}}B2 and Zr{sub 2}Fe{sub 1-{delta}}(Ru{sub 1-x}Rh{sub x}){sub 5+{delta}}B2 ({delta}=ca. 0.10; x=0.20) were synthesized by high-temperature methods and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and magnetization measurements. Both structures are variants of Sc{sub 2}Fe(Ru{sub 1-x}Rh{sub x}){sub 5}B{sub 2} and crystallize in the space group P4/mbm (no. 127) with the Ti{sub 3}Co{sub 5}B{sub 2}-type structure. These structures contain single-atom, Fe-rich Fe/Ru or Fe/Ru/Rh chains along the c-axis with an interatomic metal-metal distance of 3.078(1) A, a feature which makes them viable for possible low-dimensional temperature-dependent magnetic behavior. Magnetization measurements indicated weak ferrimagnetic ordering with ordering temperatures ca. 230 K for both specimens. Tight-binding electronic structure calculations on a model 'Zr{sub 2}FeRu{sub 5}B{sub 2}' using LDA yielded a narrow peak at the Fermi level assigned to Fe-Fe antibonding interactions along the c-axis, a result that indicates an electronic instability toward ferromagnetic coupling along these chains. Spin-polarized calculations of various magnetic models were examined to identify possible magnetic ordering within and between the single-atom, Fe-rich chains. -- Graphical abstract: Zr{sub 2}FeRu{sub 5-x}Rh{sub x}B{sub 2} (x=0, 1) crystallizes with magnetic atoms forming chains which have been shown to order magnetically depending on the total valence electron count. Magnetic measurements and tight-binding electronic structure calculations are employed to investigate the ordering. Display Omitted

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effective pairing interaction in a system with an incipient band

The nature and mechanism of superconductivity in the extremely electron-doped FeSe-based superconductors remains an outstanding problem. In these systems, the hole-like band has moved below the Fermi energy, and various spin-fluctuation theories involving pairing between states near the electron Fermi surface and states of this incipient band have been proposed. Using a nonperturbative dynamic cluster quantum Monte Carlo calculation for a bilayer Hubbard model, we show how spin-fluctuation scattering involving intermediate virtual states of the incipient band leads to an effective pairing interaction for the electrons on the remaining Fermi surface. The key feature of this interaction is that it is retarded due to the incipient nature of the hole band and the dynamics of the spin-fluctuation interaction. This allows the pairs to avoid the instantaneous repulsive Coulomb interaction and leads to a frequency dependence of the gap which should be observable in tunneling experiments. Our work provides a different perspective for the pairing mechanism in systems with an incipient band that can be tested in future experiments.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

On the simulation of indistinguishable fermions in the many-body Wigner formalism

The simulation of quantum systems consisting of interacting, indistinguishable fermions is an incredible mathematical problem which poses formidable numerical challenges. Many sophisticated methods addressing this problem are available which are based on the many-body Schrödinger formalism. Recently a Monte Carlo technique for the resolution of the many-body Wigner equation has been introduced and successfully applied to the simulation of distinguishable, spinless particles. This numerical approach presents several advantages over other methods. Indeed, it is based on an intuitive formalism in which quantum systems are described in terms of a quasi-distribution function, and highly scalable due to its Monte Carlo nature. In this work, we extend the many-body Wigner Monte Carlo method to the simulation of indistinguishable fermions. To this end, we first show how fermions are incorporated into the Wigner formalism. Then we demonstrate that the Pauli exclusion principle is intrinsic to the formalism. As a matter of fact, a numerical simulation of two strongly interacting fermions (electrons) is performed which clearly shows the appearance of a Fermi (or exchange–correlation) hole in the phase-space, a clear signature of the presence of the Pauli principle. To conclude, we simulate 4, 8 and 16 non-interacting fermions, isolated in a closed box, and show that, as the number of fermions increases, we gradually recover the Fermi–Dirac statistics, a clear proof of the reliability of our proposed method for the treatment of indistinguishable particles.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron InteractionExperiment: Design, Construction and Preparationfor First Physics

This thesis covers work performed for the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) between 2015 and 2020. ANNIE is a beamline neutrino experiment located at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Chicago. Its primary physics goals are the measurement of neutrino interaction cross-sections on oxygen, and a measurement of the multiplicity of final state neutrons from these interactions, both as functions of final state kinematics. In order to achieve these goals ANNIE will be pioneering the use of Large Area Picosecond Photodetectors and the use of gadolinium doping to enhance neutron visibility in a water Cherenkov detector. Over the time period of this thesis the ANNIE detector was constructed, an initial 'Phase I' background run was completed, the detector was decommissioned and then substantially upgraded in preparation for the main 'Phase II' physics run. At the time of writing ANNIE is being re-commissioned, with Phase II data taking anticipated to begin in 2021. During this time I spent 21/2 years on-site contributing to almost all aspects of hardware work, while performing software development for the simulation and analysis frameworks. As my first software task I developed Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response, based on the WCSim framework. While thismore » framework provided a starting point for the tank simulation significant modifications were required to implement the complete ANNIE detector system. This included a rewrite of the geometry, along with modifications to the photosensor definitions, hit collections, digitization, triggering, input and output interfaces, etc. To take advantage of improved modelling of neutrons in Geant4.10 the physics lists were also reimplemented in the new version format. As part of this work I determined performance metrics based on the output files, calculating kinematic acceptance, detector efficiency and expected event rates. My contributions on reconstruction focused primarily on the MRD, for which I implemented two track reconstruction algorithms, specialised for high and low energy muons. The high energy algorithm achieves >90% efficiency for tracks with at least 8 hits, and is robust against dead paddles and unrelated hits. The low energy algorithm performs a search in combination with tank information to provide sensitivity down to a single MRD hit. Early data handling work for the Phase I background run included writing the code for handling TDC hits and performing studies on neutron detection without the requirement of multi-hit coincidence. As the collaboration moved to a new framework for the Phase II analysis I performed a substantial amount of work to develop the codebase, implementing tools to perform tasks such as file IO, data parsing, waveform processing, event building, timestamp alignment, time clustering, hit residual calculation, event visualisation etc. I helped develop the python API for integrating multi-language tools, and ported the framework into a Singularity container to provide a self-contained environment that…« less

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

7D-folding integral in a density-dependent microscopic optical model potential for nucleon-nucleus scattering

Microscopic optical model potentials, based on density-dependent effective interactions, involve multidimensional integrals to account for the full Fermi motion of the target struck nucleon throughout the nucleus. If a spherical matter distribution is assumed, then each matrix element of the optical potential requires the evaluation of seven-dimensional integrals. In this work we provide a full account of these integrals, retaining the genuine off-shell structure of the nucleon-nucleon effective interaction. The evaluation is based on the asymptotic separation of the optical model potential for nucleon-nucleus scattering in momentum space, where the potential is split into a free t-matrix contribution and another which depends exclusively on the gradient of the density-dependent g matrix. The calculated potentials, based on the Paris nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential, are applied to proton elastic scattering from {sup 16}O and {sup 90}Zr at beam energies between 30 and 65 MeV. The results were compared with two approximations to the unabridged expression, revealing moderate differences among their scattering observables. When comparing with results based on the Argonne v{sub 18} NNpotential, these differences appear smaller than those attainable by the choice of the internucleon potential.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effect of choosing the Q{sub α}-values and daughter density distributions on the magic numbers predicted by α decays

We investigated the effects of choosing the α-decay energy (Q{sub α}) and particular density distributions of the daughter nuclei on predicting unknown magic numbers, or confirming some of them. The Q{sub α} values were calculated using three models, namely the finite-range droplet model (FRDM), the Weizsäcker–Skyrme (WS4) mass model, and a recent fitting formula. The α-decay half-lives (T{sub α}) of superheavy nuclei of Z = 118–124 have been calculated within the generalized density-dependent cluster model. The double-folding α+core potential was determined based on the M3Y-Reid nucleon–nucleon interaction. We have used the two-parameter Fermi distribution to represent the nuclear density, with four sets of parameters that were determined based on electron scattering data and different microscopic calculations. Upon investigating the relative stability of the mentioned superheavy isotopic chains, we found that the Q{sub α}-values deduced from FRDM and WS4 models predict different neutron magic numbers. The examined fitting formula failed to predict any magic number larger than N = 162. Under normalization to the proton and neutron (N) numbers, the different choices of the density distributions showed almost no effect on the general behavior of T{sub α} with N, but changed its values up to one order of magnitude. Even though the maxima and minima of T{sub α} clearly follow the characteristic minima and maxima of Q{sub α}, respectively, the results showed that precise density distribution and deformations, in addition to a correct preformation probability, are necessarily required for estimating an accurate value of the half-life.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Distinguishing attosecond electron–electron scattering and screening in transition metals

Electron–electron interactions are the fastest processes in materials, occurring on femtosecond to attosecond timescales, depending on the electronic band structure of the material and the excitation energy. Such interactions can play a dominant role in light-induced processes such as nano-enhanced plasmonics and catalysis, light harvesting, or phase transitions. However, to date it has not been possible to experimentally distinguish fundamental electron interactions such as scattering and screening. Here, we use sequences of attosecond pulses to directly measure electron–electron interactions in different bands of different materials with both simple and complex Fermi surfaces. By extracting the time delays associated with photoemission we show that the lifetime of photoelectrons from the d band of Cu are longer by ∼100 as compared with those from the same band of Ni. We attribute this to the enhanced electron–electron scattering in the unfilled d band of Ni. Using theoretical modeling, we can extract the contributions of electron–electron scattering and screening in different bands of different materials with both simple and complex Fermi surfaces. Our results also show that screening influences high-energy photoelectrons (≈20 eV) significantly less than low-energy photoelectrons. As a result, high-energy photoelectrons can serve as a direct probe of spin-dependent electron–electron scattering by neglecting screening. This can then be applied to quantifying the contribution of electron interactions and screening to low-energy excitations near the Fermi level. The information derived here provides valuable and unique information for a host of quantum materials.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Synthesis, structural characterization and properties of SrAl{sub 4−x}Ge{sub x}, BaAl{sub 4−x}Ge{sub x}, and EuAl{sub 4−x}Ge{sub x} (x≈0.3–0.4)—Rare examples of electron-rich phases with the BaAl{sub 4} structure type

Three solid solutions with the general formula AEAl{sub 4−x}Ge{sub x} (AE=Eu, Sr, Ba; 0.32(1)≤x≤0.41(1)) have been synthesized via the aluminum self-flux method, and their crystal structures have been established from powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They are isotypic and crystallize with the well-known BaAl{sub 4} structure type, adopted by the three AEAl{sub 4} end members. In all structures, Ge substitutes Al only at the 4e Wyckoff site. Results from X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy on EuAl{sub 4−x}Ge{sub x} and EuAl{sub 4} indicate that the interactions between the Eu{sup 2+} cations and the polyanionic framework are enhanced in the Ge-doped structure, despite the slightly elevated Fermi level. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm the local moment magnetism, expected for the [Xe]4f{sup 7} electronic configuration of Eu{sup 2+} and suggest strong ferromagnetic interactions at cryogenic temperatures. Resistivity data from single-crystalline samples show differences between the title compounds, implying different bonding characteristics despite the close Debye temperatures. A brief discussion on the observed electron count and homogeneity ranges for AEAl{sub 4−x}Ge{sub x} (AE=Eu, Sr, Ba) is also presented. - Graphical abstract: AEAl{sub 4−x}Ge{sub x} (AE=Eu, Sr, Ba; 0.32(1)≤x≤0.41(1)), three “electron-rich” phases with BaAl{sub 4} structure type have been synthesized and characterized. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Three BaAl{sub 4}-type ternary aluminum germanides have been synthesized with Eu, Sr and Ba. • Eu, Sr and Ba cations have no apparent influence on the solubility of Ge. • The Ge atoms substitute Al on one of two framework sites, thereby strengthening the interactions between the cations and the polyanionic framework.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Cross Sections at Medium Energies

The weak interactions of neutrinos with other Standard Model particles are well described within the Standard Model of particle physics. However, modern accelerator-based neutrino experiments employ nuclei as targets, where neutrinos interact with bound nucleons, turning a seemingly simple electroweak process into a complex many-body problem in nuclear physics. At the time of writing this Encyclopedia of Particle Physics chapter, neutrino-nucleus interactions remain one of the leading sources of systematic uncertainty in accelerator-based neutrino oscillation measurements. This chapter provides a pedagogical overview of neutrino interactions with nuclei in the medium-energy regime, spanning a few hundred MeV to several GeV. It introduces the fundamental electroweak formalism, outlines the dominant interaction mechanisms - including quasielastic scattering, resonance production, and deep inelastic scattering - and discusses how nuclear effects such as Fermi motion, nucleon-nucleon correlations, meson-exchange currents, and final-state interactions modify observable cross sections. The chapter also presents a brief survey of the foundational and most widely used theoretical models for neutrino-nucleus cross sections, together with an overview of current and upcoming accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments that are shaping the field. Rather than targeting experts, this chapter serves as a primer for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and early-career researchers entering the field. It provides a concise foundation for understanding neutrino-nucleus scattering, its relevance to oscillation experiments, and its broader connections to both particle and nuclear physics.

Pandey, Vishvas [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000230827987↗
DOE OSTI2011

Fermion-fermion interaction in a dilute gas-mixture Bose condensate

A mixture of a one-component Bose gas and two-component Fermi gas is considered at temperatures at which the Bose gas is completely condensed. Two fermions in such a mixture can interact with each other exchanging bosons from the condensate or supercondensate. The interaction potential, a change in the effective mass, the decay, and fermion spectrum are calculated in this quantum Fermi-Bose mixture.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Colliding clouds of strongly interacting spin-polarized fermions

Motivated by a recent experiment at MIT, we consider the collision of two clouds of spin-polarized atomic Fermi gases close to a Feshbach resonance. We explain why two dilute gas clouds, with underlying attractive interactions between their constituents, bounce off each other in the strongly interacting regime. Our hydrodynamic analysis, in excellent agreement with experiment, gives strong evidence for a metastable many-body state with effective repulsive interactions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Striped electron fluid on (111) KTaO 3

A recent study has revealed that the low carrier density electron gas (2DEG) induced at the interface of EuO and (111) KTaO 3 exhibits a broken symmetry phase with a strong in-plane anisotropy of the resistivity. We present a minimal tight-binding model of this (111) 2DEG, including the large spin-orbit coupling from the Ta ions, which reveals a hexagonal Fermi surface with a highly enhanced 2k F electronic susceptibility. We argue that repulsive electronic interactions, together with a ferromagnetic EuO substrate, favor a magnetic stripe instability leading to a partially gapped Fermi surface. Such a stripe state, or its vestigial nematicity, could explain the observed transport anisotropy. We propose a k · p theory for the low energy j = 3/2 states, which captures the key results from our tight-binding study, and further reveals the intertwined dipolar and octupolar modulations underlying this magnetic stripe order. We conclude by speculating on the relation of this stripe order to the superconductivity seen in this material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Suppression of electron magnetotunneling between parallel two-dimensional GaAs/InAs electron systems by the correlation interaction

Magnetotunneling between two-dimensional GaAs/InAs electron systems in vertical resonant tunneling GaAs/InAs/AlAs heterostructures is studied. A new-type of singularity in the tunneling density of states, specifically a dip at the Fermi level, is found; this feature is drastically different from that observed previously for the case of tunneling between two-dimensional GaAs tunnel systems in terms of both the kind of functional dependence and the energy and temperature parameters. As before, this effect manifests itself in the suppression of resonant tunneling in a narrow range near zero bias voltage in a high magnetic field parallel to the current direction. Magnetic-field and temperature dependences of the effect's parameters are obtained; these dependences are compared with available theoretical and experimental data. The observed effect can be caused by a high degree of disorder in two-dimensional correlated electron systems as a result of the introduction of structurally imperfect strained InAs layers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Nonequilibrium steady state and heat transport in nonlinear open quantum systems: Stochastic influence action and functional perturbative analysis

In this paper, we show that a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) exists at late times in open quantum systems with weak nonlinearity by following its nonequilibrium dynamics with a perturbative analysis. We consider an oscillator chain containing three-types of anharmonicity: cubic α- and quartic β-type Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) nearest-oscillator interactions and the on-site (pinned) Klein–Gordon (KG) quartic self-interaction. Assuming weak nonlinearity, we introduce a stochastic influence action approach to the problem and obtain the energy flows in different junctures across the chain. The formal results obtained here can be used for quantum transport problems in weakly nonlinear quantum systems. For α-type anharmonicity, we observe that the first-order corrections do not play any role in the thermal transport in the NESS of the configuration we considered. For KG and β-types anharmonicity, we work out explicitly the case of two weakly nonlinearly coupled oscillators, with results scalable to any number of oscillators. We examine the late-time energy flows from one thermal bath to the other via the coupled oscillators, and show that both the zeroth- and the first-order contributions of the energy flows become constant in time at late times, signaling the existence of a late-time NESS to first order in nonlinearity. Our perturbative calculations provide a measure of the strength of nonlinearity for nonlinear open quantum systems, which may help control the mesoscopic heat transport distinct from or close to linear transport. Furthermore, our results also give a benchmark for the numerical challenge of simulating heat transport. Our setup and predictions can be implemented and verified by investigating heat flow in an array of Josephson junctions in the limit of large Josephson energy with the platform of circuit QED.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗