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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Foundational Report Series: Advanced Distribution Management Systems for Grid Modernization, DMS Industry Survey

The objective of this survey is to benchmark current practices for DMS implementation to serve as a guide for future system implementations. The survey sought information on current plans to implement DMS, DMS functions of interest, implementation challenges, functional benefits achieved, and other relevant information. These survey results were combined (where possible) with results of similar surveys conducted in the previous four years to observe trends over time.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Building Foundations for Nuclear Security Enterprise Analysis Utilizing Nuclear Weapon Data

The Nuclear Security Enterprise, managed by the National Nuclear Security Administration - a semiautonomous agency within the Department of Energy - has been associated with numerous assessments with respect to the estimating, management capabilities, and practices pertaining to nuclear weapon modernization efforts. This report identifies challenges in estimating and analyzing the Nuclear Security Enterprise through an analysis of analogous timeframe conditions utilizing two types of nuclear weapon data - (1) a measure of effort and (2) a function of time. The analysis of analogous timeframe conditions that utilizes only two types of nuclear weapon data yields four summary observations that estimators and analysts of the Nuclear Security Enterprise will find useful.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2018

Final Technical Report: Mathematical Foundations for Uncertainty Quantification in Materials Design

We developed path-wise information theory-based and goal-oriented sensitivity analysis and parameter identification methods for complex high-dimensional dynamics and in particular of non-equilibrium extended molecular systems. The combination of these novel methodologies provided the first methods in the literature which are capable to handle UQ questions for stochastic complex systems with some or all of the following features: (a) multi-scale stochastic models such as (bio)chemical reaction networks, with a very large number of parameters, (b) spatially distributed systems such as Kinetic Monte Carlo or Langevin Dynamics, (c) non-equilibrium processes typically associated with coupled physico-chemical mechanisms, driven boundary conditions, hybrid micro-macro systems, etc. A particular computational challenge arises in simulations of multi-scale reaction networks and molecular systems. Mathematical techniques were applied to in silico prediction of novel materials with emphasis on the effect of microstructure on model uncertainty quantification (UQ). We outline acceleration methods to make calculations of real chemistry feasible followed by two complementary tasks on structure optimization and microstructure-induced UQ.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Transactive System: Part II: Analysis of Two Pilot Transactive Systems using Foundational Theory and Metrics

This document is the second of a two-part report. Part 1 reviewed several demonstrations of transactive control and compared them in terms of their payoff functions, control decisions, information privacy, and mathematical solution concepts. It was suggested in Part 1 that these four listed components should be adopted for meaningful comparison and design of future transactive systems. Part 2 proposes qualitative and quantitative metrics that will be needed to compare alternative transactive systems. It then uses the analysis and design principles from Part 1 while conducting more in-depth analysis of two transactive demonstrations: the American Electric Power (AEP) gridSMART Demonstration, which used a double –auction market mechanism, and a consensus method like that used in the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration. Ultimately, metrics must be devised and used to meaningfully compare alternative transactive systems. One significant contribution of this report is an observation that the decision function used for thermostat control in the AEP gridSMART Demonstration has superior performance if its decision function is recast to more accurately reflect the power that will be used under for thermostatic control under alternative market outcomes.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Mathematical Foundations for Uncertainty Quantification in Materials Design. Final Report

Final report DE-SC0010723. Our key accomplishment in the first year of the grant is that we started developing pathwise information theory-based and goal-oriented sensitivity analysis and parameter identification methods for complex high-dimensional dynamics and in particular of nonequilibrium extended systems. The combination of these novel methodologies provide the first methods in the literature which are capable to handle UQ questions for stochastic complex systems with some or all of the following features: (a) multi-scale models with a very large number of parameters, (b) spatially distributed systems such as Kinetic Monte Carlo or Langevin Dynamics, (c) non-equilibrium processes typically associated with coupled physico-chemical mechanisms, driven boundary conditions, etc. The first two such publications sponsored by the grant, have just been published.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Financial Responsibility Pricing Foundations White Paper

This report presents and discusses the financial parameters incorporated in the financial instruments used to meet financial responsibility requirements per the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Underground Injection Control Class VI well regulations. These financial instruments are: Trust Fund, Escrow Account, Insurance, Letter of Credit, Surety Bond, and Self-Insurance. They provide financial coverage to complete corrective action, injection well plugging, and post-injection site care and site closure and respond to incidents requiring emergency and remedial response should the operator fail to do so.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Laying the Foundation for a Predictive Theory of Electroweak Nuclear Phenomena

Reliable model-independent predictions of nuclear processes such as beta-decay and neutrinonucleus scattering are important for many fundamental science and mission-related investigations; For example, accurate descriptions of as beta-decay are required for modeling the anti-neutrino spectrum of nuclear reactor, whether for trying to detect new physics such as sterile neutrinos, or remotely identifying the purpose of that reactor. For these activities, we need accurate calculations, as well as careful and thorough analyses of theoretical error and uncertainty in the underlying models and the many-body methods and codes used in solving that model. Unfortunately, modern theoretical calculations of these processes are inadequate for this task. At the heart of this inadequacy is the interaction between nucleons and other particles known as nuclear currents. Historically, descriptions of nuclear currents took into account only the simplest of particle interactions. Recently, the development of an effective field theory known as chiral EFT has been used to derive large corrections to these particle interactions. However, the complex nature of these corrections inhibited their use in ab initio methods of predicting nuclear processes. We developed a novel method to address these complexities and applied it in a series of benchmark and demonstrative calculations using state-of-the-art quantum few-nucleon solvers. Specifically, we studied the role of two-nucleon currents in electroweak processes using light nuclei (i.e., nuclei containing fewer than five nucleons) as a workbench to compute these processes and quantify their uncertainties using Bayesian extensions of the EFT.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

7. International Conference on the Foundations of Systems Biology in Engineering FOSBE 2018

The 7th FOSBE conference was held August 5-8 at the Hilton Chicago Oak Brook Hills Resort & Conference Center, in Chicago, Illinois. The conference was sponsored by CACHE, with technical co-sponsorship from IFAC Biosystems and Bioprocesses (TC 8.4), AIChE’s Society of Biological Engineering, and IEEE’s Control Systems Society. 83 participants from 11 countries met for the event; approximately 5% of participants were from industry and 43% were from countries outside the U.S. The meeting opened with a welcome reception Sunday evening, which was followed by Dr. Nathan Price, Systems Biology Institute, delivering the conference-opening lecture, “Mining Personal, Dense, Dynamic Data Clouds to Enhance Health and Drive Discovery”.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Regulatory Foundations for Cross-Border Electricity Trading: Nepal

Cross-border electricity trading (CBET) can reduce costs, improve reliability, and reduce emissions for all participating countries. Regulatory coordination is essential to making CBET successful. For Nepal, expanding CBET mechanisms could help accelerate development of the country’s large hydroelectric potential, especially if Nepal, India, and Bangladesh were parties to a comprehensive CBET framework. This report maps the regulatory issues Nepal might address if it elects to develop a national strategy for CBET with its neighbors in South Asia.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Regulatory Foundations for Cross-Border Electricity Trading: Bangladesh

Cross-border electricity trading (CBET) can reduce costs, improve reliability, and reduce emissions for all participating countries. Regulatory coordination is essential to making CBET successful, however. This report maps the regulatory issues Bangladesh might address if it elects to develop a national strategy for CBET with its neighbors in South Asia.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Regulatory Foundations for Cross-Border Electricity Trading: India

Cross-border electricity trading (CBET) can reduce costs, improve reliability, and reduce emissions for all participating countries. Regulatory coordination is essential to making CBET successful, however. This report maps the regulatory issues India might address if it elects to develop a national strategy for CBET with its neighbors in South Asia.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Transactive System: Part II: Analysis of Two Pilot Transactive Systems using Foundational Theory and Metrics

This document is the second of a two-part report. Part 1 reviewed several demonstrations of transactive control and compared them in terms of their payoff functions, control decisions, information privacy, and mathematical solution concepts. It was suggested in Part 1 that these four listed components should be adopted for meaningful comparison and design of future transactive systems. Part 2 proposes qualitative and quantitative metrics that will be needed to compare alternative transactive systems. It then uses the analysis and design principles from Part 1 while conducting more in-depth analysis of two transactive demonstrations: the American Electric Power (AEP) gridSMART Demonstration, which used a double-auction market mechanism, and a consensus method like that used in the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration. Ultimately, metrics must be devised and used to meaningfully compare alternative transactive systems. One significant contribution of this report is an observation that the decision function used for thermostat control in the AEP gridSMART Demonstration has superior performance if its decision function is recast to more accurately reflect the power that will be used under for thermostatic control under alternative market outcomes.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Report series: Evaluation, Finding of Effect, and Mitigation Documentation for the 1960s Dormitories and 1950s Quonset Hut Foundations, Mercury, Area 23, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada [3 Reports Consolidated]

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) plans to modernize the town of Mercury at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nye County, Nevada, to meet current and future National Weapons Science, Global and Homeland Security Programs, and Environmental Management mission requirements. These plans—including anticipated demolitions, consolidations, and rebuilding at Mercury—are considered an undertaking subject to review under Title 54 U.S.C. § 306108, commonly known as Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, Title 54 U.S.C. § 300101, et seq., and its implementing regulations, 36 C.F.R. Part 800. Desert Research Institute (DRI) completed an architectural survey of Mercury in 2017. This effort resulted in the identification, recording, and evaluation of the Mercury Historic District, as well as the identification of its contributing components. This district was recommended eligible to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP or National Register) under Criteria A and C, but was unevaluated under Criteria B and D at that time. The Mercury Historic District contains 153 individual landscapes, buildings, and structures. Of these resources, DRI recommends all except one as contributing elements of the historic district during its period of significance corresponding to nuclear testing from 1951 through 1992. During most of the Cold War, the land now called the NNSS was referred to as the Nevada Test Site (NTS). This report evaluates resources dating to the 1950s and 1960s between Jangle and Knothole Streets and south of Ranger Avenue in Mercury prior to the proposed demolition of all resources in that area between Sandstone and Greenhouse Avenues as a phase of the larger modernization program mentioned above. Although the Mercury Historic District as a whole is eligible to the National Register, further evaluation of these properties, as detailed in this report, indicates that none are individually eligible under any of the Secretary of Interior’s Significance Criteria, either at the national or local level.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Parsimonious Inference Information-Theoretic Foundations for a Complete Theory of Machine Learning (CIS-LDRD Project 218313 Final Technical Report)

This work examines how we may cast machine learning within a complete Bayesian framework to quantify and suppress explanatory complexity from first principles. Our investigation into both the philosophy and mathematics of rational belief leads us to emphasize the critical role of Bayesian inference in learning well-justified predictions within a rigorous and complete extended logic. The Bayesian framework allows us to coherently account for evidence in the learned plausibility of potential explanations. As an extended logic, the Bayesian paradigm regards probability as a notion of degrees of truth. In order to satisfy critical properties of probability as a coherent measure, as well as maintain consistency with binary propositional logic, we arrive at Bayes' Theorem as the only justifiable mechanism to update our beliefs to account for empiracle evidence. Yet, in the machine learning paradigm, where explanations are unconstrained algorithmic abstractions, we arrive at a critical challenge: Bayesian inference requires prior belief. Conventional approaches fail to yield a consistent framework in which we could compare prior plausibility among the infinities of potential choices in learning architectures. The difficulty of articulating well-justified prior belief over abstract models is the provinence of memorization in traditional machine learning training practices. This becomes exceptionally problematic in the context of limited datasets, when we wish to learn justifiable predictions from only a small amount of data.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Trinity High Explosive Implosion System: The Foundation for Precision Explosive Applications

This article is set during the 1944 and 1945 final push to complete Project Y—the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos—and focuses primarily on overcoming the challenge of creating and demonstrating a successful convergent explosive implosion to turn a subcritical quantity of plutonium into a critical mass. The critical mass would then efficiently yield kilotons of trinitrotoluene (TNT)-equivalent energy in about a microsecond, demonstrating the implosion atomic bomb concept. This work culminated in the Trinity atomic test near Alamogordo on July 16, 1945. This implosion effect demarcated the approach to explosive science and technology the Laboratory has followed ever since, including development of high-explosive synthesis and formulation, small and large test and diagnostic facilities, shock dynamics theory, high-explosive system design engineering, and three-dimensional implosion modeling and simulation using some of the fastest computers in the world. This work also ushered in a period of broader application of precision high explosives in conventional munitions, demolition, mining and oil exploration, and space travel.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2021

Classified library critical in Lab’s Annual Assessment of weapons to U.S. President. National Security Resource Center’s collections are the foundation to stockpile confidence

One of the most important accomplishments every year at LANL is a letter sent by the Laboratory Director that ultimately reaches the President of the United States. The subject is the current state of the weapons for which the Lab is responsible. Known as the Annual Assessment letter, it is a culmination of nearly 14 months’ worth of work and the contributions of more than 1,000 Lab staff members. Its classified contents come from the Lab’s Annual Assessment, which is an approximately 100-page document evaluating the safety, security and effectiveness of the stockpile.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Roundtable on Foundational Science for Carbon-Neutral Hydrogen Technologies (Technology Status Document)

This document summarizes the status of carbon-neutral hydrogen production, storage and transport, and utilization. The state of the art in the implementation, limitations, and challenges of these technologies are summarized. Sources of hydrogen are broadly categorized as hydrcoarbons or water and the processes used to convert these sources to hydrogen as catalytic, thermochemical, or electrochemical. Catalytic steam methane reforming of methane is the dominant process today. Other processes have smaller production volumes and the technology is less mature, but are being deployed at increasing rates, most notably water electrolyzers for hydrogen fueling stations. Efficient transport and storage of hydrogen is one of the major challenges facing a hydrogen-based energy economy. This arises in part from its low volumetric energy density necessitating very high pressures or cryogenic temperatures to store sufficient amounts for practical applications. High-pressure compressed hydrogen cylinders are the incumbent hydrogen storage technology for applications such as light-duty fuel cell electric vehicles, for example. The storage of hydrogen in materials or in chemicals is being pursued to address the issues associated with compression, such as parasitic energy loss and weight, size, and cost of storage containers. The complex nature of the chemical and physical processes involved in the uptake, storage, and release of hydrogen has slowed the discovery of suitable hydrogen storage materials. Both small and large-scale storage face the challenge of embrittlement of the storage media by hydrogen. There is a myriad of uses of hydrogen offering the promises of improving the efficiency of various applications and reducing or eliminating CO 2 emissions. These range from direct electrochemical conversion to electricity to power vehicles and grid-level stationary applications to combustion to production of chemicals and commodities. One of the most impactful applications in terms of reduction of CO 2 emissions is fuel cell passenger vehicles and heavy-duty vehicles such as class 8 trucks. The challenges facing widespread deployment of fuel cells, beyond the major hurdle of the lack of a hydrogen distribution infrastructure, are cost and durability, primarily related to the precious metal cathode catalyst and its durability. The other uses of hydrogen from conversion to hydrocarbons, polymer upcycling, and upgrading of bio-oils are at varying stages of maturity and also face fundamental challenges associated with catalytic processes and materials.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2021

Basic Energy Sciences Roundtable: Foundational Science for Carbon-Neutral Hydrogen Technologies

The amount of molecular hydrogen used worldwide is enormous; about 70 million metric tons are produced globally every year, with approximately 10 million metric tons produced within the U.S. alone. 1 Hydrogen is used primarily by the industrial sector for oil refining; chemical production, especially for ammonia; steel manufacturing; and transportation fuels. With the recent announcement of the Hydrogen Shot, the first U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Earthshot, the DOE declared a near-term focus on “accelerating breakthroughs of more abundant, affordable, and reliable clean energy solutions within the decade.” Consequently, there is a compelling need for novel approaches to enable hydrogen processes and technologies that do not emit carbon dioxide (i.e., are carbon-neutral). Innovative hydrogen research and development is required to impact how hydrogen is produced, stored, transported, converted, and used. Although progress has been made over the previous two decades, fundamental research can play a critical role in overcoming the technical hurdles that continue to limit implementation of economically viable systems and processes for carbon-neutral hydrogen technologies.

08 HYDROGEN↗