molecule-tda v0.1.0
A general framework to extract topological information (via topological data analysis) from some type of point cloud data, to be used in downstream machine learning tasks.
Krishnapriyan, Aditi↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “Information analysis”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Development of a Full-Scale Connected U-Net for Reflectivity Inpainting in Spaceborne Radar Blind Zones
CloudSat’s Cloud Profiling Radar is a valuable tool for remotely monitoring high-latitude snowfall, but its ability to observe hydrometeor activity near the Earth’s surface is limited by a radar blind zone caused by ground clutter contamination. This study presents the development of a deeply supervised U-Net-style convolutional neural network to predict cold season reflectivity profiles within the blind zone at two Arctic locations. The network learns to predict the presence and intensity of near-surface hydrometeors by coupling latent features encoded in blind zone-aloft clouds with additional context from collocated atmospheric state variables (i.e., temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed). Results show that the U-Net predictions outperform traditional linear extrapolation methods, with low mean absolute error, a 38% higher Sørensen–Dice coefficient, and vertical reflectivity distributions 60% closer to observed values. The U-Net is also able to detect the presence of near-surface cloud with a critical success index (CSI) of 72% and cases of shallow cumuliform snowfall and virga with 18% higher CSI values compared to linear methods. An explainability analysis shows that reflectivity information throughout the scene, especially at cloud edges and at the 1.2-km blind zone threshold, along with atmospheric state variables near the tropopause, are the most significant contributors to model skill. This surface-trained generative inpainting technique has the potential to enhance current and future remote sensing precipitation missions by providing a better understanding of the nonlinear relationship between blind zone reflectivity values and the surrounding atmospheric state.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Systematic approaches to C-lignin engineering in Medicago truncatula
Abstract Background C-lignin is a homopolymer of caffeyl alcohol present in the seed coats of a variety of plant species including vanilla orchid, various cacti, and the ornamental plant Cleome hassleriana . Because of its unique chemical and physical properties, there is considerable interest in engineering C-lignin into the cell walls of bioenergy crops as a high-value co-product of bioprocessing. We have used information from a transcriptomic analysis of developing C. hassleriana seed coats to suggest strategies for engineering C-lignin in a heterologous system, using hairy roots of the model legume Medicago truncatula . Results We systematically tested strategies for C-lignin engineering using a combination of gene overexpression and RNAi-mediated knockdown in the caffeic acid/5-hydroxy coniferaldehyde 3/5-O-methyltransferase ( comt ) mutant background, monitoring the outcomes by analysis of lignin composition and profiling of monolignol pathway metabolites. In all cases, C-lignin accumulation required strong down-regulation of caffeoyl CoA 3- O -methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) paired with loss of function of COMT. Overexpression of the Selaginella moellendorffii ferulate 5-hydroxylase ( SmF5H ) gene in comt mutant hairy roots resulted in lines that unexpectedly accumulated high levels of S-lignin. Conclusion C-Lignin accumulation of up to 15% of total lignin in lines with the greatest reduction in CCoAOMT expression required the strong down-regulation of both COMT and CCoAOMT, but did not require expression of a heterologous laccase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) or cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) with preference for 3,4-dihydroxy-substituted substrates in M. truncatula hairy roots. Cell wall fractionation studies suggested that the engineered C-units are not present in a heteropolymer with the bulk of the G-lignin.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Assessing United States County-Level Exposure for Research on Tropical Cyclones and Human Health
Tropical cyclone epidemiology can be advanced through exposure assessment methods that are comprehensive and consistent across space and time, as these facilitate multiyear, multistorm studies. Further, an understanding of patterns in and between exposure metrics that are based on specific hazards of the storm can help in designing tropical cyclone epidemiological research. a) Provide an open-source data set for tropical cyclone exposure assessment for epidemiological research; and b) investigate patterns and agreement between county-level assessments of tropical cyclone exposure based on different storm hazards. We created an open-source data set with data at the county level on exposure to four tropical cyclone hazards: peak sustained wind, rainfall, flooding, and tornadoes. The data cover all eastern U.S. counties for all land-falling or near-land Atlantic basin storms, covering 1996–2011 for all metrics and up to 1988–2018 for specific metrics. We validated measurements against other data sources and investigated patterns and agreement among binary exposure classifications based on these metrics, as well as compared them to use of distance from the storm’s track, which has been used as a proxy for exposure in some epidemiological studies. Our open-source data set was typically consistent with data from other sources, and we present and discuss areas of disagreement and other caveats. Over the study period and area, tropical cyclones typically brought different hazards to different counties. Therefore, when comparing exposure assessment between different hazard-specific metrics, agreement was usually low, as it also was when comparing exposure assessment based on a distance-based proxy measurement and any of the hazard-specific metrics. Our results provide a multihazard data set that can be leveraged for epidemiological research on tropical cyclones, as well as insights that can inform the design and analysis for tropical cyclone epidemiological research.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Supporting information for Few-Shot Learning Enables Population-Scale Analysis of Leaf Traits in Populus trichocarpa
In this work, we use few-shot learning to segment the body and vein architecture of P. trichocarpa leaves from high-resolution scans obtained in the UC Davis common garden. Leaf and vein segmentation are formulated as separate tasks, in which convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used to iteratively expand partial segmentations until reaching stopping criteria. Our leaf and vein segmentation approaches use just 50 and 8 manually traced images for training, respectively, and are applied to a set of 2,634 top and bottom leaf scans. We show that both methods achieve high segmentation accuracy, in some cases exceeding even human-level segmentation. The leaf and vein segmentations are subsequently used to extract 68 morphological traits using traditional open-source image processing tools, which are validated using real-world physical measurements. For a biological perspective, we perform a genome-wide association study using the vein density trait to discover novel genetic architectures associated with multiple physiological processes relating to leaf development and function. In addition to sharing all of the few-shot learning code (see https://github.com/jlager/few-shot-leaf-segmentation), we are releasing all images, manual segmentations, model predictions, 68 extracted leaf phenotypes, and a new set of SNPs called against the v4 P. trichocarpa genome for 1,419 genotypes. The data folder includes all images, ground truth segmentations, predicted segmentations, and extracted leaf traits. All images encode the sample ID in the file name by indicating the treatment, block, row, position, and leaf side, respectively. For example, the file, C_1_1_2_bot.jpeg, indicates the control treatment, block 1, row 1, position 2, and the bottom side of the leaf. Tabulated results include position IDs as well as the corresponding genotype IDs. The images folder includes the 2,906 high-resolution leaf scans taken in the field. The leaf_masks folder includes 50 ground truth segmentations used for training the leaf tracing algorithm. The leaf_preds folder includes the 2,906 predicted segmentations from the leaf tracing algorithm. The vein_masks folder includes 8 ground truth segmentations used for training the vein growing algorithm. The vein_preds folder includes the 1,453 predicted segmentations from the vein growing algorithm. The vein_probs folder includes the 1,453 predicted probability maps from the vein growing algorithm before thresholding. The genomes folder includes the set of SNPs called against the v4 P. trichocarpa genome for 1,419 genotypes with a README file detailing the steps taken. The results folder includes: (i) raw values of the 68 predicted leaf traits in digital_traits.tsv, (ii) manually measured values of petiole length and width in manual_traits.tsv, (iii) thin plate spline (TPS) adjusted values of the vein density trait in vein_density_tps_adj.tsv, (iv) best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) adjusted values of the vein density trait in vein_density_blups.tsv, and (v) GWAS results for the vein density trait, including chromosome positions and corresponding P values, in gwas_results.csv.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
CODAS Data from Oliktok Point, Beaufort Sea, Alaska
Cryosphere/Ocean Distributed Acoustic Sensing (CODAS) data collected from the Beaufort Sea, Alaska, using ~37.4 km of dark telecommunications fiber located at Oliktok Point, Alaska. Data were collected with a Silixa iDAS, using 10 m gauge length, 2 m spatial resolution, and 1000 Hz sample rate. Provided here are the DAS-recorded time series for the rapid refreeze event described in Baker & Abbott (2022) (see link below). This covers a date range of 2021-11-10 15:00 UTC to 2021-11-11 17:00 UTC. Data have been decimated to 100 Hz and 20 m (i.e., every 10th channel for 1831 channels, total), as used in Baker & Abbott (2022). Data have been extracted from raw format into 1-hour long .sac* files and organized into directories by channel number, spanning channels 100 to 18400. Time series units are nano-strainrate (nm/m/s). For distribution, data have been compressed into .zip files containing all time series files for 100 channels. *For information on the Seismic Analysis Code (SAC) file format: https://seiscode.iris.washington.edu/projects/sac
16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
Stream Chemistry, Synoptic Surveys, East Fork Poplar Creek Watershed, TN, USA; April 2023 to February 2025
Impacts of developed land cover on stream chemistry can be difficult to discern from natural variability, particularly in carbonate watersheds where weathering of urban infrastructure and lithology generate similar signatures. We evaluated how spatial patterns of stream chemistry varied across perennial and non-perennial tributaries spanning an urban-to-forested gradient in a mid-order, carbonate-dominated watershed. This data package contains a processed and compiled summary of stream chemistry and properties obtained from 12 synoptic surveys of 54 stream sites across the East Fork Poplar Creek watershed located near Oak Ridge, TN, United States. The sites include non-perennial tributaries, perennial tributaries, and the main stem and span forested to urban (highly developed) land cover gradients. The data package includes the processed and flagged chemical data (WaDE_SynopticSummary_FinalChemistry), metadata describing data flagging and analysis (WaDE_SynopticSummary_Metadata), information about each site and its contributing subcatchment (WaDE_SynopticSummary_SiteInformation), and a comparison of instrument and field detection limits used to determine method detection limits for the study (WaDE_SynopticSummary_DetectionLimitComparison). Stream chemistry includes stream parameters measured in situ using multiparameter probes (dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, temperature) and solutes including nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, major cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium), major anions (chloride, sulfate), and a broad suite of minor and trace elements.
EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SURFACE ↗
Feedback, physics, and forecasts: The emerging paradigm of machine learning-driven battery research
Machine learning (ML) is reshaping how we understand, predict, and optimize electrochemical systems. In batteries, ML accelerates discovery across chemistry, design, and operation by transforming massive experimental and simulated datasets into predictive, interpretable models. This review consolidates a decade of progress in ML-driven battery innovation, from early-cycle feature extraction to operando image analysis and physics-informed modeling. We categorize approaches by data domain and physical fidelity, emphasizing interpretable ML for diagnostics, reinforcement learning for control, and multi-objective optimization for lifetime extension strategies. Additionally, we demonstrate how integrated models accelerate discovery, reduce testing time, and guide sustainable design. Economic analyses furthermore illustrate how these advances can lower cost per cycle and improve circularity. Together, these developments chart a path toward self-optimizing, sustainable battery technologies.
artificial intelligence↗
Time Dependence of Methane Generation Rates from Saltstone
This report documents the tests performed to address the requirements listed in the Technical Request, which resulted in a Task Technical & Quality Assurance Plan (TTQAP) and a Run Plan to obtain the required information. The research expands previous scoping work to better understand methane generation in the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). That scoping work demonstrated that methane is produced when sulfide-containing material is added to methylmercury (MeHg), which is found in the SDF Tank 50 feed waste. When Tank 50 waste is combined with grout premix solids dry feed ingredients of cement, slag cement, and fly ash, sulfides are released from the slag cement component of the premix. The prior testing results showed that while the concentration of total mercury was not affected in the pH 14 waste, the MeHg likely reacted with the sulfide contained in the slag. The scoping tests were performed in sealed reactors and thus, methane generation was not measured continuously; rather, it was measured after one hour and after 24 hours. After 24 hours, a large percentage of the MeHg was converted to methane, but after 1 hour only a small percentage of methane was released. It is noteworthy that the methane generation rate (MGR) was greater at the one-hour measurement. The data compiled from the scoping work needed to be expanded to better understand the generation of methane released from grout mixed with Tank 50 waste. This expanded study developed a more extensive knowledge of how and when methane is generated to inform the Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) of the SDF. As such, employing 8 sealed reactors, the methane generation time periods were extended to 2, 4, 6, 18, 30, 48, 72, and 96 hours (4 days). Results are documented herein to determine the capacity for MeHg, contained within Tank 50 salt solution (T50SS) simulant, to produce methane when mixed with saltstone dry feed ingredients, i.e., individual components (cement, slag, and fly ash) or a combination of those components.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Comprehensive Assessment of On-And Off-Board Vehicle-To-Grid Technology Performance and Impacts on Battery and the Grid
This project defined, developed, and tested the open standards-based requirements, engineering design and system integration of on and off-vehicle Vehicle-to-Grid technologies both on the grid and on the PEV, to assess their effectiveness in implementing the use cases that create value for the grid, which in turn, can be passed on to the ratepayers and the PEV owners. The project comprised of three key categories of work and four key sub-areas of work. The three key categories were: On-Vehicle V2G, Off-Vehicle V2G, and impact of V2G operation on the battery capacity degradation. The four key sub-areas of work under each of these categories were: defining requirements, implementing the technology, performing system integration testing, and estimating the value of each of the grid services under specific assumptions, on a per-vehicle and on an aggregated basis. The technical implementation demonstrated the validity of standards-based approach to grid integration that led to interoperability, in addition to assessing the operational details with grid constraints imposed at the transformer level. The technology implementation also identified the subtle gaps in the standards definition to close the feedback loop on the accuracy of the standards as written, which are being implemented as revisions to the appropriate protocols. The battery impacts assessment developed a test cycle that the batteries from a real PHEV were subjected to for both the mobility-only and mobility with V2G specific energy cycling. While the battery impact results show a clear incremental degradation in response to additional throughput for V2G application purposes, the amount of additional kWh that can be made available without exceeding the end-of-life capacity definition of the battery at its 10-year warranty period was found to be significant. Given that the PEV battery being exercised during testing was a PHEV battery (smaller energy capacity), and 44% of its usable energy (i.e., SOC) was utilized daily for V2G applications, the EVs with much larger batteries will fare much better, either in terms of extracting more value in terms of incremental kWh for V2G, or in terms of relative incremental degradation of the capacity through the battery lifespan. Further, this battery was the second-generation Lithium-Ion chemistry circa 2015, which is at least two generations ago. Continual improvements in electrochemistry and manufacturing techniques as well as on-board capacity will enable the future batteries to provide even more energy for non-mobility-related services. Finally, the valuation of V2G energy services at the premise, distribution, and the ISO/market level was carried out for both the on-vehicle and off-vehicle cases, to understand both the GHG mitigation and operational efficiency improvements in quantitative terms. The analysis indicates that between $\$400$ and $\$1400$ per year of total value to the grid can be realized. When netted of costs to implement V2G either on or off-vehicle, the net value is available to be shared between the ratepayers and the EV owners. Over the life of the EV, therefore, this value becomes significant and can easily provide both ratepayer and EV owner benefits more than the cost of the equipment, either on or off-board, in addition to providing GHG mitigation benefits both on the grid and on the mobility sides. For these benefits to accrue, the key learnings from both the on- and off-vehicle V2G parts of the project indicate the need for at-scale demonstrations through involvement of real EV owners to validate both the technical feasibility, interoperability, as well as real grid benefits by performing extensive data collection and analysis. This will help inform the grid planners, the program designs, and tariff designers, as well as automotive and equipment manufacturers how best to create their products to maximize grid, ratepayer, and EV owner value.
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
Renewable Portfolio Standard Assessment for Alaska's Railbelt
This memorandum for the Governor of Alaska evaluates the technical feasibility of reaching 80% renewable electricity by 2040 in the Railbelt corridor of Alaska, which represents 75% of Alaska's electric load. This analysis was developed to inform renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) legislation.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Use of Operating Agreements and Energy Storage to Reduce Photovoltaic Interconnection Costs: Conceptual Framework
This report explores one integrated technical and process concept designed to manage interconnection costs and streamline interconnection timelines to support near-term renewable energy deployment. We describe a new agreement between renewable energy developers and utilities, informed by the technical analysis. The agreement defines the operational parameters for a renewable energy system, with the goal of reducing risk and cost to all parties. This work provides a foundation upon which other states and utilities may build proof of concept. This report is supported by a technical analysis that is detailed in a companion report, "Use of Operating Agreements and Energy Storage to Reduce Photovoltaic Interconnection Costs: Technical and Economic Analysis" (McLaren et al. 2022).
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Characterization of the Fusion Zone in Laser Beam Welds on SS304L
Designing a welded joint requires consideration of the welding process, component/assembly structure and weld geometry, material composition, properties, and desired joint performance. The designer must also specify a set of acceptance criteria used to evaluate the welds. This study was conducted to support the design team responsible for specifying the spot weld profile by investigating the relationship between weld process parameters and the weld geometry and properties to further inform design optimization. The subjects of this study are two thin stainless steel 304L (SS304L) components joined by Laser Beam Welding (LBW). The components are the Housing, which contains flexible circuitry, and the Cover that protects the circuitry during handling, installation, and under service loads. Figure 1 illustrates coupon versions of the Cover and Housing used to simulate the interface between these components for weld testing. These coupon representations of assembly components were designed to match the material and relevant geometry related to the welded joint while other features not relevant to the welded joint are excluded.The objective of this study was to characterize the sensitivity of the weld geometry and mechanical properties to the input weld parameters to inform further Finite Element Analysis (FEA) efforts in balancing joint strength against assembly deformation caused by the welding process. Characterization was accomplished by varying laser welding parameters around the current design values and measuring weld geometry on the cross-sections. Nanoindentation with a spherical and flat-ended tip was used on polished section cuts of the weld to obtain direct estimates of the stress-strain response of the Fusion Zone (FZ) for comparison to the Base Metal (BM).
42 ENGINEERING↗
Production of 1,3-Butadiene from Renewable Oxygenated Feedstocks (Abstract)
Reproduce and ascertain additional experimental catalyst performance data for 1-step conversion of oxygenated feedstocks to butadiene. Experimental data will also be obtained for a 2-step processing configuration where we will tailor the PNNL catalyst originally developed for 1-step processing by tailoring the Lewis acidity and metal properties, with a limited number of experiments. We will measure preliminary catalyst performance results for producing Butadiene from the two oxygenated feedstocks. Additionally, we will produce 30 g of butadiene that will be sent to the client for use in producing polybutadiene. Finally, experimental results will inform techno-economic analysis (TEA) modeling. TEA will focus on identifying the most economically favorable processing route to BD from either oxygenated feedstock. We will also project GHG emissions associated with each of the process models being considered for BD production, and compare such results to GHG emissions when produced from conventional methods (e.g., cracking of naphtha) using values from the literature.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NORTH DAKOTA CARBONSAFE PHASE III: SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND PERMITTING OF GEOLOGIC STORAGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE
The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), in partnership with Minnkota Power Cooperative Inc. (Minnkota), SLB, and Computer Modelling Group Ltd. (CMG), supported wide-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise (CarbonSAFE) Initiative Phase III. This phase included the acquisition, analysis, and development of information to fully characterize two storage complexes to demonstrate viable storage resources for commercial volumes of CO2 (defined by DOE as a minimum of 50 million tonnes [MMt] of CO2 within a 30-year period) (National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2024). Phase III also involved the preparation, submission, and approval of North Dakota underground injection control (UIC) Class VI storage facility permits (SFPs)—required precursors to applications for Class VI injection well permits. The presumed viability of commercial-scale CCS, situated adjacent to Minnkota’s Milton R. Young Station (MRYS), is validated by Minnkota’s continued pursuit of Project Tundra—an initiative to build the world’s largest lignite-based CCS project in central North Dakota (www.projecttundrand.com). Project Tundra comprises two scopes of work, Tundra Capture (installation of postcombustion CO2 capture at MRYS) and Tundra SGS (secure geologic storage). The efforts of North Dakota CarbonSAFE Phase III, Site Characterization and Permitting, supported Tundra SGS. Extensive site-specific characterization activities included a successful multimeasurement geophysical approach and drilling a stratigraphic test well (J-ROC 1, subsequently renamed Liberty-1) adjacent to MRYS. Core collection and analyses, downhole testing and fluid sampling, and geophysical logging were performed on J-ROC 1 and on a nearby stratigraphic test well (known as J-LOC 1), which was drilled, cored, and tested under a complementary project funded by the North Dakota Lignite Research Program. The injection tests performed on J-LOC 1 positively impacted the CarbonSAFE project, resulting in fewer proposed injection wells and significant construction, operations, and monitoring cost savings. The characterization data collected and analyses performed were integrated into geologic models, and successive numerical simulations were run to determine CO2 plume extent and subsurface pressure buildup associated with the planned CO2 injection rate of nearly 4 MMt per year. The latter doubles the CarbonSAFE Initiative goal with an estimated 100 MMt of CO2 stored in 20 years. Application of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) method for estimating the Class VI Rule area of review (AOR) to the overpressurized Broom Creek Formation inspired an alternative method of calculation, called risk-based AOR delineation. This peer-reviewed method was applied for the first time during the storage facility-permitting process. The two SFP applications submitted in 2021 successfully resulted in North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) orders in 2022 authorizing the creation of the storage facility areas and amalgamation of pore space as well as establishing financial responsibility requirements. After approval of the SFPs, Minnkota filed in 2022 applications for permits to reenter the J-ROC 1 well and to drill two new wells—all with the intended purpose to become Class VI injection wells. To establish eligibility under the Internal Revenue Code for Section 45Q tax incentives, a monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) plan was prepared and submitted by Minnkota to EPA in 2022, resulting in the first such plan approved in North Dakota. Also in 2022, under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Minnkota prepared and submitted an environmental information volume (EIV) describing the proposed CCS project and associated potential environmental impacts. Based on the EIV, DOE determined that the proposed construction project required an environmental assessment, and Minnkota submitted the first draft in 2023 and a revised draft in 2024. Both submissions were followed by a public comment period. Subsequently, DOE issued a finding of no significant impact (FONSI) on September 13, 2024. A successful outreach program, strongly based in the production, presentation, and dissemination of informational material, fostered an environment to aid stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding the planned project. Opportunities for public input were provided at various steps along the way, including at county planning and zoning meetings, before and during the SFP administrative hearing, and during environmental assessment public comment periods. In addition, land/pore space owners and mineral owners had various points of contact, including granting access rights, securing pore space leasing, and mineral owner notifications. Based upon the successful storage facility permitting issued by NDIC, approval of the MRV plan by EPA, and receipt of a FONSI under the NEPA, Minnkota is continuing its pursuit of Project Tundra. In December 2023, the Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations under its Carbon Capture Demonstrations Projects Program announced funding for the capture system (Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations, 2023) and a proposal for CarbonSAFE Phase IV: Construction funding was submitted in March 2024 for the storage project. A go/no-go decision to proceed with construction and operations in the Broom Creek Formation is anticipated in 2024. References National Energy Technology Laboratory, CarbonSafe Initiative, https://netl.doe.gov/carbon-management/carbon-storage/carbonsafe (accessed August 2024). Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations, 2023, OCED selects three projects in CA, ND, and TX to reduce harmful carbon pollution, create new economic opportunities, and advance carbon reducing technologies, December, www.energy.gov/oced/articles/oced-selects-three-projects-ca-nd-and-tx-reduce-harmful-carbon-pollution-create-new (accessed August 2024).
Peck, Wesley↗
Evidence-based Graph Adversary Mapping (EGRAM) [Poster]
Cybersecurity companies such as CrowdStrike, Dragos, Microsoft and Unit 42 categorize Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) using their own naming schemes. As a result, these APTs are mapped to different malware sources and campaigns, all from differing sources, leading to inconsistent mapping. Inconsistent mapping causes confusion and adds further obscurity around these groups, making it difficult to track and mitigate APT cyberattacks. The Evidence-based Graph Adversary Mapping (EGRAM) tool remediates the mapping challenge by collecting, updating and converting adversary data and their sources into a valid, codified STIX v2.1 bundle which is then stored in a Neo4j graph database. It utilizes graph traversal methods and centrality analysis to generate actionable information as a Structured Threat Intelligence Graph (STIG), based on user queries. EGRAM exists as Python code and a Jupyter Notebook that acts as a searchable, evidence-based, source of intelligence for APT groups’ artifacts and cyber campaigns.
24 - POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Final Report: A Multi-Channel Fusion Product
The goal of this project was to measure charged fusion products from the d(d,p)t reaction in MAST-U plasmas as a function of time and position with good energy resolution using a system of up to six charged particle detectors. The data from this new diagnostic will make it possible to determine the neutral beam ion density profile as a function of R, z, and t with reduced model dependency and contribute new information to a global analysis of fast ion diagnostic data needed for the determination of the fast ion distribution function (velocity space tomography).
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
The Intrinsic Scatter of the Broad Lines–Narrow Line Correlation in Type I AGN
A correlation between the FWHM of the broad Balmer lines and the narrow [O iii]/H{sub β} line ratio was recently applied to the black hole (BH) mass estimation in type II active galactic nuclei (AGN), where only the narrow lines are visible to the observer. The correlation was initially quantified with type I AGN using stacked spectra, in groups automatically created using a machine-learning algorithm. Such an analysis does not provide information about the intrinsic scatter of the correlation. In addition, it does not necessarily reproduce the true underlying correlation, for example, due to the stacking of spectra with different properties. Testing these two issues requires measurements of individual objects. In this work, we perform such a test by fitting the broad and narrow lines for 8302 type I AGN from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Due to the difficulty in reliably measuring the narrow Balmer lines in such objects, which are, in many cases, a small contribution on top of the broad lines, we visually inspect all of the fits and identify 1561 objects with robust measurements. Using these measurements, we find that while a correlation does exist, it shows a large scatter and is not well described by a linear relation. This should be taken into account when using the broad H{sub β} FWHM versus narrow [O iii]/H{sub β} correlation for type II AGN BH mass estimation.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗