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At least 451 records · Page 25
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NASA NTRS1982

The Multispectral Imaging Science Working Group. Volume 1: Executive summary

Results of the deliberations of the six multispectral imaging science working groups (Botany, Geography, Geology, Hydrology, Imaging Science and Information Science) are summarized. Consideration was given to documenting the current state of knowledge in terrestrial remote sensing without the constraints of preconceived concepts such as possible band widths, number of bands, and radiometric or spatial resolutions of present or future systems. The findings of each working group included a discussion of desired capabilities and critical developmental issues.

Cox, S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Multispectral and geomorphic studies of processed Voyager 2 images of Europa

High resolution images of Europa taken by the Voyager 2 spacecraft were used to study a portion of Europa's dark lineations and the major white line feature Agenor Linea. Initial image processing of images 1195J2-001 (violet filter), 1198J2-001 (blue filter), 1201J2-001 (orange filter), and 1204J2-001 (ultraviolet filter) was performed at the U.S.G.S. Branch of Astrogeology in Flagstaff, Arizona. Processing was completed through the stages of image registration and color ratio image construction. Pixel printouts were used in a new technique of linear feature profiling to compensate for image misregistration through the mapping of features on the printouts. In all, 193 dark lineation segments were mapped and profiled. The more accurate multispectral data derived by this method was plotted using a new application of the ternary diagram, with orange, blue, and violet relative spectral reflectances serving as end members. Statistical techniques were then applied to the ternary diagram plots. The image products generated at LPI were used mainly to cross-check and verify the results of the ternary diagram analysis.

Meier, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Analysis of data acquired by synthetic aperture radar and LANDSAT Multispectral Scanner over Kershaw County, South Carolina, during the summer season

Data acquired by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) were processed and analyzed to derive forest-related resources inventory information. The SAR data were acquired by using the NASA aircraft X-band SAR with linear (HH, VV) and cross (HV, VH) polarizations and the SEASAT L-band SAR. After data processing and data quality examination, the three polarization (HH, HV, and VV) data from the aircraft X-band SAR were used in conjunction with LANDSAT MSS for multisensor data classification. The results of accuracy evaluation for the SAR, MSS and SAR/MSS data using supervised classification show that the SAR-only data set contains low classification accuracy for several land cover classes. However, the SAR/MSS data show that significant improvement in classification accuracy is obtained for all eight land cover classes. These results suggest the usefulness of using combined SAR/MSS data for forest-related cover mapping. The SAR data also detect several small special surface features that are not detectable by MSS data.

Wu, S. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Evaluation of the Radiometric Quality of the TM Data Using Clustering, Linear Transformations and Multispectral Distance Measures

The radiometric quality of LANDSAT 4 TM data for the classification and identification of Earth surface features was evaluated. Techniques employed in the evaluation included clustering, data compression (linear transformations), multispectral distance measures, and hierarchical classification methods. TM and MSS data for the Chicago, Illinois test site were studied. In order to determine the radiometric quality of the TM thermal data for temperature mapping of surface water, a test site was selected within the area covered by the TM scene (Scene ID: 40101-16025) gathered over Illinois. This site was chosen because it includes a surface water body with a large range of temperatures, i.e., a cooling pond for the Dresden nuclear power plant and the junction of two rivers.

Bartolucci, L. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Geodetic Accuracy of LANDSAT 4 Multispectral Scanner and Thematic Mapper Data

Conclusive statements concerning the geodetic accuracy of LANDSAT 4 data, based on such a small sampling of scenes, is impossible. However, the results provide a few interesting observations. For example, LANDSAT 4 multispectral band scanner (MSS) system corrected errors were larger than were expected based on the knowledge of the geometric accuracy of the data from LANDSAT 2 and 3. Also, the thematic mapper (TM) system corrected scenes were more accurate than the MSS scenes by a factor of three. As the spacecraft platform for these two sensors is the same, this result cannot be explained, but a comparison of concurrently acquired MSS and TM data might clarify this situation. Finally, the single MSS ground control point (GCP) corrected product evaluated had good geodetic accuracy considering the poor distribution of the two GCP's applied in the registration.

Thormodsgard, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS): An investigator's guide to TIMS data

The Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) is a NASA aircraft scanner providing six channel spectral capability in the thermal infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Operating in the atmospheric window region (8 to 12 micrometers) with a channel sensitivity of approximately 0.1 C, TIMS may be used whenever an accurate measure of the Earth's surface is needed. A description of this scanner is provided as well as a discussion of data acquisition and reduction.

Palluconi, F. D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Assessment of Landsat multispectral scanner spectral indexes for monitoring arid rangeland

Correlations between spectral indices and vegetation parameters in south-central New Mexico were used to determine the utility of Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) spectral indices in arid rangeland monitoring. In addition, spectral index change for 1976-1980 was calculated from retrospective MSS data and compared with qualitative ground truth in order to evaluate vegetation change detection by means of spectral indices. Brightness index change consistently differentiated between cover increase and decrease, but index change appears to have been offset from true cover change; this may at least partly be attributed to the failure of the methods used to standardize MSS scenes for differences in sensor response. Green vegetation indices, by contrast to brightness indices, failed to consistently differentiate between cover increase and decrease.

Musick, H. B.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Identification of hydrothermal mineralization in Baja California, Mexico from orbit using the Shuttle multispectral infrared radiometer

Data from the Space Shuttle Multispectral IR Radiometer (SMIRR), which is a 10-channel remote sensor designed to record narrow band spectral data in the 0.5-2.4 micron wavelength range, were used to identify and study a previously unreported area of hydrothermal alteration on the Baja California peninsula. Absorption at 2.17 microns, which is diagnostic of the minerals pyrophyllite, dickite, and alunite, was observed in many spectra and the presence of pyrophyllite and dickite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of field samples. Anomalously high Mo, B, Sn, Zr, and Ag were found in three samples.

Rowan, L. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The new airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS)

A new airborne Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) with six bands between 8 and 12 microns is briefly characterized, and some results of remote sensing experiments are reported. The instrument has an instantaneous field of view of 2.5 milliradians, a total field of view of 80 deg, and a NE Delta T of approximately 0.1-0.3 C depending on the band. In the TIMS image of Death Valley, silica-rich rocks were easily separable from the nonsilicates. The Eureka Quartzite stood out in sharp contrast to other Ordovician and Cambrian metasediments, and Tertiary volcanic rocks were easily separable from both. Also distinguishable were various units in the fan gravels.

Kahle, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A) data as a complement to Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data

Principal components analysis and supervised classifications were performed on two dates of Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data registered to one date of Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A) data in a wheat-growing area of New South Wales, Australia. The purpose was to evaluate SIR-A data as a complement to Landsat MSS data in an agricultural environment. The SIR-A data was filtered using a 7 x 7 pixel moving window median filter. Principal components analysis indicated the SIR-A data were discriminating between trees and agricultural fields. Supervised classifications using wheat, pasture, trees, and idle classes resulted in increased accuracies for wheat and pasture and slightly decreased accuracies for trees and idle for the Landsat MSS/SIR-A registered data sets over the Landsat MSS alone. Overall classification accuracies were unchanged for one date and substantially increased for the other when the SIR-A data were added to the Landsat MSS data.

Henninger, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Interpretation of aircraft multispectral scanner images for mapping of alteration with uranium mineralization, Copper Mountain, Wyoming

NS-001 multispectral scanner data (0.45-2.35 micron) combined as principal components were utilized to map distributions of surface oxidation/weathering in Precambrian granitic rocks at Copper Mountain, Wyoming. Intense oxidation is found over granitic outcrops in partly exhumed pediments along the southern margin of the Owl Creek uplift, and along paleodrainages higher in the range. Supergene(?) uranium mineralization in the granites is localized beneath remnant Tertiary sediments covering portions of the pediments. The patterns of mineralization and oxidation are in agreement, but the genetic connections between the two remain in doubt.

Conel, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Survey of multispectral imaging systems for earth observations

Fifty-six multispectral imaging systems are described in terms of their instantaneous fields of view, spectral bands, fields of view, and number of quantization levels. These systems have been used during the past decade for earth resources studies from aircraft or spacecraft, or are currently in the proposal or design and development stage.

Slater, P. N.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Evaluation of an experimental system for spaceborne processing of multispectral image data

An experimental data processing system has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of processing high speed, multispectral image data on board the spacecraft. The design incorporates real-time processing with adaptable operation in an expandable architecture. The experimental hardware is coupled to test support and computing equipment to provide a laboratory tool for evaluating and demonstrating each of the processing functions as well as the overall system operation. An evaluation of the high speed processor was conducted to ensure that the desired system throughput was achieved without sacrificing processing accuracy. A description of the system is presented along with the results of the test and evaluation activity.

Meredith, B. D.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Developments with multispectral thermal-IR and active microwave systems - TIMS, SIR-A, SIR-B, and radarsat

An update of current and future systems for spectral scanning of geological features in the thermal-IR, and active microwave bands is presented. The design characteristics of four individual systems are described, including the NASA Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS); the Shuttle Imaging Radars A and B (SIRA-A and SIRA-B); and the Canadian RADARSAT satellite for geological mapping and ice monitoring. The applications of spectral data from the Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR), the GEMS 100 mapping system, and the Landsat RBV instrument to the mapping of large geological structures are also described.

Harrison, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Short summary of multispectral imaging systems

This paper summarizes a survey of over 40 multispectral imaging systems that have been used during the past decade for earth resources studies from aircraft or spacecraft, or are presently in the proposal or design and development stage. In addition, some short wave infrared systems are described including a recent NASA suggestion for a research remote sensing system for the 1990's.

Slater, P. N.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Extraction of cloud cover parameters from multispectral satellite measurements

An approach to the extraction of cloud cover parameters from multispectral satellite measurements is proposed which combines the best features of the threshold method and of the cluster approach. The approach proposed here utilizes radiative transfer equations, as in the threshold method, along with the identification of clusters in the two-dimensional histogram formed by the visible and 11-micron infrared channels. Information from a third channel, at 3.7 microns, is used to determine the microphysical model of the cloud particles. Examples of applications of the proposed approach are presented.

Arking, A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Retrieval of cloud cover parameters from multispectral satellite images

A technique is described for extracting cloud cover parameters from multispectral satellite radiometric measurements. Utilizing three channels from the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) on NOAA polar orbiting satellites, it is shown that one can retrieve four parameters for each pixel: cloud fraction within the FOV, optical thickness, cloud-top temperature and a microphysical model parameter. The last parameter is an index representing the properties of the cloud particle and is determined primarily by the radiance at 3.7 microns. The other three parameters are extracted from the visible and 11 micron infrared radiances, utilizing the information contained in the two-dimensional scatter plot of the measured radiances. The solution is essentially one in which the distributions of optical thickness and cloud-top temperature are maximally clustered for each region, with cloud fraction for each pixel adjusted to achieve maximal clustering.

Arking, A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Information content comparison of Thematic Mapper, multispectral scanner and airborne Thematic Mapper data

It is pointed out that on August 12, 1983 a test of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System in conjunction with the operation of Landsat 4 provided both Thematic Mapper (TM) and Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data over Central California. In addition, on August 12, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) acquired Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) data with the high altitude U-2 aircraft. Attention is given to the procedures and results of a study which is currently being conducted at ARC to take full advantage of the data collected on August 12, 1983. Use is made of a series of degradations which should provide a very close approximation of TM and MSS data.

Buis, J. S.↗