Virtual Transitions to the Continuum in O16
Negative parity level shifts of O16 due to low momentum energy shell transitions calculated for neutrons and protons
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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NC Data - Nuclear Collision Data for nucleon-nucleus collisions in the energy range 25 to 400 MeV
FORTRAN computer program for cross sections, and particle emission analysis in nucleon-nucleus collisions
Alsmiller, R. G., Jr.↗
The heat pipe - A simple, versatile, efficient heat transfer tool
Heat pipe transports large quantities of heat from source to sink with only small temperature drop. Thermal energy is transferred to and from heat pipe by any combination of conduction, convection, or radiation heat transfer. Pipes transport energy from open flames, nuclear sources, and electronic equipment.
Schwartz, J.↗
Gas core nuclear reactor Patent
Gaseous core diffusion nuclear reactor for thermal energy generation
Rom, F. E.↗
Review of hydrogen accidents and incidents in NASA operations
Safety, as a major factor in the development of a power economy based on hydrogen produced by nuclear- or solar-energy operated water electrolysis, is considered in terms of the safety problems involved in the production, handling, transportation, and use of liquid and gaseous hydrogen. These problems are reviewed through the records of accidents and incidents that have occurred in the development and operation of NASA's propulsion and power systems. Areas of research and development are suggested for increased safety and for the development of techniques to reduce the consequences of any mishaps.
Ordin, P. M.↗
NASA Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology Summer Workshop. Volume 4: Power technology panel
Technology requirements in the areas of energy sources and conversion, power processing, distribution, conversion, and transmission, and energy storage are identified for space shuttle payloads. It is concluded that the power system technology currently available is adequate to accomplish all missions in the 1973 Mission Model, but that further development is needed to support space opportunities of the future as identified by users. Space experiments are proposed in the following areas: power generation in space, advanced photovoltaic energy converters, solar and nuclear thermoelectric technology, nickel-cadmium batteries, flywheels (mechanical storage), satellite-to-ground transmission and reconversion systems, and regenerative fuel cells.
Source record↗
X-ray and gamma-ray line production by nonthermal ions
X-ray production was calculated at approximately 6.8 keV by the 2p to 1s transition in fast hydrogen- and helium-like iron ions, following both electron capture to excited levels and collisional excitation. A refinement of the OBK approximation was used to obtain an improved charge exchange cross section. This, and the corresponding ionization cross section were used to determine equilibrium charge fractions for iron ions as functions of their energy. The effective X-ray line production cross section was found to be sharply peaked in energy at about 8 to 12 MeV/amu. Because fast ions of similar energies can also excite nuclear levels, the ratio of selected strong gamma ray line emissivities to the X-ray line emissivity was also calculated. Limits set by this method on the intensity of gamma ray line emission from the galactic center and the radio galaxy Centaurus A are generally lower than those reported in the literature.
Bussard, R. W.↗
Hydrogen production by water decomposition using a combined electrolytic-thermochemical cycle
A proposed dual-purpose power plant generating nuclear power to provide energy for driving a water decomposition system is described. The entire system, dubbed Sulfur Cycle Water Decomposition System, works on sulfur compounds (sulfuric acid feedstock, sulfur oxides) in a hybrid electrolytic-thermochemical cycle; performance superior to either all-electrolysis systems or presently known all-thermochemical systems is claimed. The 3345 MW(th) graphite-moderated helium-cooled reactor (VHTR - Very High Temperature Reactor) generates both high-temperature heat and electric power for the process; the gas stream at core exit is heated to 1850 F. Reactor operation is described and reactor innards are illustrated. A cost assessment for on-stream performance in the 1990's is optimistic.
Farbman, G. H.↗
Earth-to-orbit transportation for advanced space facilities
Stages in the development of lift vehicles and related facilities for near-earth space transportation, starting with the Space Shuttle, are reviewed. Data and expected missions for the Lunar Lander, Heavy Lift Vehicle, Orbital Transport Vehicle, Lunar Transport Vehicle, Shuttle plus Intermediate Upper Stage or Shuttle plus FCT are tabulated. Objectives and summary data are tabulated for some programs (low earth orbit space stations, geosynchronous operations, lunar surface sorties, planetary exploration, nuclear waste disposal, satellite energy systems).
Davis, H. P.↗
Energy and remote sensing
Effective implementation of the President's National Energy Plan and the Nuclear Power Policy Statement require application of the best remote sensing tools available. The potential contributions of remote sensing, particularly LANDSAT data, have yet to be clearly identified and exploited. These contributions investigated fall into the following categories: (1) exploration; (2) exploitation; (3) power plant siting; (4) environmental assessment and monitoring; and (5) transportation infrastructure.
Summers, R. A.↗
A note on the tissue star dose in personnel radiation monitoring in space
Secondaries from nuclear interactions of high energy primaries in the body tissues themselves contribute substantially to the astronaut's radiation exposure in space. The so-called tissue star dose is assessed from the prong number distribution of disintegration stars in emulsion. Prong counts of 1,000 emulsion stars from the Apollo-Soyuz mission reported earlier were re-evaluated. The original scores were divided into sets of 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 emulsion stars and the respective prong number distributions established. The statistical error of the gelatin star number for the four consecutively larger was found to vary, on the 67 percent confidence level, from + or - 25 percent for the count of 250 emulsion stars to + or - 11 percent for 1,000 stars. Seen in the context of the other limitations of the experimental design, the lowest effort of prong-counting 250 stars appears entirely appropriate.
Schaefer, H. J.↗
X-ray and gamma-ray line production by nonthermal ions
X-ray production at about 6.8 keV by the 2p to 1s transition in fast hydrogen- and helium-like iron ions is calculated, following both electron capture to excited levels and collisional excitation. A refinement of the Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers (1930) approximation is used to obtain an improved charge-exchange cross-section. This, and the corresponding ionization cross section, were used to determine equilibrium charge fractions for iron ions as functions of their energy. The effective X-ray line production cross section was found to be sharply peaked in energy at about 8 to 12 MeV per amu. Since fast ions of similar energies can also excite nuclear levels, the ratio of selected strong gamma-rays line emissivities to the X-ray line emissivity is calculated. These calculations are employed to set limits on the intensity of gamma-rays line emission from the galactic center and the radio galaxy Cen A, and it is found that these limits are generally lower than those reported in the literature.
Bussard, R. W.↗
Charge composition and energy spectra of ancient solar flare heavy nuclei
Nuclear tracks in olivine grains from three carbonaceous chondrites are analyzed to determine the energy spectra and charge compositions of solar flare heavy nuclei during the early history of the solar system. Track length measurements of grains irradiated before compaction into meteorites over 4 billion years ago were performed accompanied by calibration experiments using heavy ion beams from an accelerator to identify tracks formed by very heavy (Z between 20 and 28) and very very heavy (Z greater than or equal to 30) groups of nuclei in the Murchison, Murray and Cold Bokkeveld meteorite grains. The time-averaged spectral shape of the solar flare very heavy nuclei is found to be similar to that obtained in lunar sample studies and direct observations. The meteorite grains also reproduce the currently observed enrichment of low-energy heavy ions in solar cosmic rays with respect to photospheric levels, with enhancement factors from 2 to 12 in the energy interval 6-10 MeV/n. Variations of very very heavy/very heavy nuclei abundance ratios within individual kinetic energy intervals are interpreted as representing possible changes of solar flare activity on time scales of 10,000 years.
Goswami, J. N.↗
Elastic scattering of 400-MeV protons by Pb-208
Cross-section and analyzing-power angular distributions for elastic scattering of 400-MeV protons by Pb-208 have been measured between 3 and 51 deg. Results have been compared to second-order Kerman-McManus-Thaler (1959) calculations of the optical potential. There is evidence that free nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes do not adequately describe nucleon propagation in nuclear matter at this energy.
Hutcheon, D. A.↗
Advances in space power research and technology at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Progress and plans in various areas of the NASA Space Power Program are discussed. Solar cell research is narrowed to GaAs, multibandgap, and thin Si cells for arrays in planar and concentrator configurations, with further work to increase cell efficiency, radiation hardness, develop flexible encapsulants, and reduce cost. Electrochemical research is concentrating on increasing energy and power density, cycle and wet stand life, reliability and cost reduction of batteries. Further development of the Ni-H2 battery and O2-H2 fuel cell to multihundred kW with a 5 year life and 30,000 cycles is noted. Basic research is ongoing for alkali metal anodes for high energy density secondary cells. Nuclear thermoelectric propulsion is being developed for outer planets exploration propulsion systems, using Si-Ge generators, and studies with rare earth chalcogenides and sulfides are mentioned. Power Systems Management seeks to harmonize increasing power supply levels with inner and outer spacecraft environments, circuits, demands, and automatic monitoring. Concomitant development of bipolar transistors, an infrared rectenna, spacecraft charging measurement, and larger heat pipe transport capacity are noted.
Mullin, J. P.↗
Underwater measurements of muon intensity
Experimental measurements of cosmic ray muon intensity deep underwater aimed at determining a muon absorption curve are of considerable interest, as they allow to reproduce independently the muon energy spectrum at sea level. The comparison of the muon absorption curve in sea water with that in rock makes it possible to determine muon energy losses caused by nuclear interactions. The data available on muon absorption in water and that in rock are not equivalent. Underground measurements are numerous and have been carried out down to the depth of approx. 15km w.e., whereas underwater muon intensity have been measured twice and only down to approx. 3km deep.
V.M. Fedorov↗
Improved cross section calculations for astrophysical applications
Modifications are proposed for the semiempirical equations and parameters of Silberberg and Tsao (1973) for partial cross section calculations of proton-nucleus reactions in cosmic rays. These modifications include: adjustment of general parameters; modification of energy dependence; effects of nuclear alpha-particle structure, deuteron emission, and even-charged products; peripheral reactions; fission reactions; averaging cross sections near boundaries of different parameters; elimination of certain special cases; and treatment of the Pt to Pb group that cannot yet be generalized to Z(t) less than 76.
Silberberg, R.↗
Airborne lidar experiments at the Savannah River Plant
The results of remote sensing experiments at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Nuclear Facility utilizing the NASA Airborne Oceanographic Lidar (AOL) are presented. The flights were conducted in support of the numerous environmental monitoring requirements associated with the operation of the facility and for the purpose of furthering research and development of airborne lidar technology. Areas of application include airborne laser topographic mapping, hydrologic studies using fluorescent tracer dye, timber volume estimation, baseline characterization of wetlands, and aquatic chlorophyll and photopigment measurements. Conclusions relative to the usability of airborne lidar technology for the DOE for each of these remote sensing applications are discussed.
Krabill, William B.↗