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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

Radical formation, chemical processing, and explosion of interstellar grains

The ultraviolet radiation in interstellar space is shown to create a sufficient steady-state density of free radicals in the grain mantle material consisting of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen to satisfy the critical condition for initiation of chain reactions. The criterion for minimum critical particle size for maintaining the chain reaction is of the order of the larger grain sizes in a distribution satisfying the average extinction and polarization measures. The triggering of the explosion of interstellar grains leading to the ejection of complex interstellar molecules is shown to be most probable where the grains are largest and where radiation is suddenly introduced; i.e., in regions of new star formation. Similar conditions prevail at the boundaries between very dark clouds and H II regions. When the energy released by the chemical activity of the free radicals is inadequate to explode the grain, the resulting mantle material must consist of extremely large organic molecules which are much more resistant to the hostile environment of H II regions than the classical dirty-ice mantles made up of water, methane, and ammonia.

Greenberg, J. M.↗
DOE OSTI2022

High Velocity, Low‐Voltage Collective In‐Plane Switching in (100) BaTiO 3 Thin Films

Abstract Ferroelectrics are being increasingly called upon for electronic devices in extreme environments. Device performance and energy efficiency is highly correlated to clock frequency, operational voltage, and resistive loss. To increase performance it is common to engineer ferroelectric domain structure with highly‐correlated electrical and elastic coupling that elicit fast and efficient collective switching. Designing domain structures with advantageous properties is difficult because the mechanisms involved in collective switching are poorly understood and difficult to investigate. Collective switching is a hierarchical process where the nano‐ and mesoscale responses control the macroscopic properties. Using chemical solution synthesis, epitaxially nearly‐relaxed (100) BaTiO 3 films are synthesized. Thermal strain induces a strongly‐correlated domain structure with alternating domains of polarization along the [010] and [001] in‐plane axes and 90° domain walls along the [011] or [01] directions. Simultaneous capacitance–voltage measurements and band‐excitation piezoresponse force microscopy revealed strong collective switching behavior. Using a deep convolutional autoencoder, hierarchical switching is automatically tracked and the switching pathway is identified. The collective switching velocities are calculated to be ≈500 cm s −1 at 5 V (7 kV cm −1 ), orders‐of‐magnitude faster than expected. These combinations of properties are promising for high‐speed tunable dielectrics and low‐voltage ferroelectric memories and logic.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electrochemical exsolution of metal nanoparticles from perovskite oxide upon electrolysis

Here, this study presents a comprehensive investigation into the electrochemical reduction of LSCF perovskite during electrolysis, aiming to understand the exsolution of metal nanoparticles. The exsolution of metal nanoparticles from perovskite electrodes can significantly enhance their electrochemical performance in electrolysis. By applying cathodic polarization to the perovskite oxide electrode, the exsolution process was shown to be electrochemically induced within a few minutes. Additionally, a user-designed X-ray absorption spectroscopy operando cell was employed to analyze the edge energy change of the B-site atoms during electrolysis. The electrochemical reduction of perovskite and the subsequent exsolution of the B-site metal nanoparticles were investigated by scanning the cell voltage, providing an understanding of the electrochemical behavior during electrolysis. The electrochemical switching point, characterized by a decrease in the incremental area-specific resistance, was identified. This study offers valuable insights into the electrochemical exsolution process of metal nanoparticles from perovskite oxide electrodes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effect of Cu on the passivity of Ti–xCu (x = 0, 3 and 5 wt%) alloy in phosphate-buffered saline solution within the framework of PDM-II

The effect of copper content on the passivity of Ti–xCu alloys in a phosphate-buffered saline electrolyte (pH 7.4), in the steady-state condition, was examined using potentiostatic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky analysis. The study demonstrates that the oxide layer forms on the Ti–xCu alloys surface have n-type semiconducting character, and the steady-state thickness of the oxide layer is observed linearly and depends on the applied potential. The study observations are in line with the predictions of the Point Defect Model (PDM-II), which provides a physiochemically realistic description of the oxide layer formation on Ti–xCu alloys. The observations reveal that the Cu additions result in a decrease in the charge transfer resistance and capacitances associated with the hydroxide and barrier layer, an increase in the donor density, and reduce the electrochemical resistance of the Ti–xCu alloys. The study also exhibits that the decrease in the steady-state current density after the initial addition of 3 wt% of Cu is attributed to the progressive substitution of copper on the cation sublattice of the film resulting in enhanced electrostatic interaction between the immobilized copper $Cu^{x'}_{Ti}$, and the mobile cation interstitials $Cu^{+}_{i}$, which carries the excess current over and that conveyed by oxygen vacancies $V^{••}_o$ in the barrier layer. Moreover, it is also observed that over a hundred-year implant period, about 0.006 cm (0.06 mm) of Ti–3Cu alloy is predicted to lose due to steady-state corrosion in the PBS solution under the given set of conditions, it is further seen that, as the Cu amount increased from 3 wt% to 5 wt% in the Ti–xCu alloys, the steady-state corrosion rate decreases.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2022

Macroscale superlubricity by a sacrificial carbon nanotube coating

Superlubricity, i.e., coefficient of friction (COF) below 0.01, was earlier limited to microscale in controlled environments in the earlier literature and more recently realized for macroscale sliding of ceramic or carbon surfaces lubricated by water or other polar fluids. However, there is lack of report of superlubricity for the most common bearing system, i.e., steel-steel contact in non-polar oil lubrication. Here, in this work, we present ultra-low COF of 0.001–0.007 by using a sacrificial coating composed of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for macroscale steel-steel sliding under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) of a polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil in the ambient environment. Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy analyses detected graphene-containing tribofilms on both the steel surfaces, which was produced by the fractured CNT flakes and metallic wear debris during running-in. The in situ formed graphene-graphene contact interface presumably possesses a low shear resistance leading to superlubricity. The presence of oil, despite as little as one droplet, has proven to be crucial. Such a superlubricity performance has shown good sustainability in extended testing of more than 500,000 cycles and strong ability of accommodating changes in sliding conditions. Results here demonstrate feasibility with fundamental insights for achieving ambient environment macroscale superlubricity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nonprecious Single Atom Catalyst for Methane Pyrolysis

The development of a suitable catalytic system for methane pyrolysis reactions requires a detailed investigation of the activation energy of C-H bonds on catalysts, as well as their stability against sintering and coke formation. In this work, both single-metal Ni atoms and small clusters of Ni atoms deposited on titanium nitride (TiN) plasmonic nanoparticles were characterized for the C-H bond activation of a methane pyrolysis reaction using ab initio spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The present work shows the complete reaction pathway, including energy barriers for C-H bond activation and dehydrogenated fragments, during the methane pyrolysis reaction on catalytic systems. Interestingly, the C-H bond activation barriers were low for both Ni single-atom and Ni-clusters, showing the energy barriers of ~1.10 eV and ~0.88 eV, respectively. Additionally, single-atom Ni-TiN showed weaker binding to adsorbates, and a net endothermic reaction pathway indicated that the single-atom Ni-TiN was expected to resist coke formation on its surface. However, these Ni single-atom catalysts can sinter, aggregate into a small cluster, and form a coke layer from the highly exothermic reaction pathway that the cluster takes despite the facile reaction pathway.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Resistive Switching of Spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Lithium-Ion Battery Material for Neuromorphic Computing

The rapid rise of AI has exposed significant limitations in conventional Von Neumann computing architecture, particularly in regard to speed and energy efficiency. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring a brain-inspired neuromorphic architecture that mimics biological neural networks, enabling massive parallel processing with reduced power consumption for complex AI computational demands. Recent interest has focused on utilizing battery electrodes and solid electrolyte materials for their resistive switching properties in developing a neuromorphic architecture. These properties are precisely tuned through local- and bulk-level chemical composition modifications via voltage bias stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate fabricating a three-terminal lithium-ion electrochemical transistor based on lithium titanium oxide (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), a popular lithium-ion battery anode material. We deposited and characterized LTO thin films using RF sputtering, demonstrating a 6 orders of magnitude increase in electronic conductivity upon lithiation, with conductivity plateauing after 20% lithiation. Density functional theory calculations revealed transformation from the insulating to conducting state, supported by experimental characterization through X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Direct Current (DC) polarization analyses. The fabricated transistor consisted of LTO as the channel layer, gold as source/drain terminals, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) as the lithium-ion conductor, and copper as the gate terminal. The device exhibited clear hysteresis in transfer characteristics due to lithium insertion/extraction processes. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) measurements showed an asymmetric ratio of 1.425 and maximum/minimum conductance ratio of 7.83. When implemented in a deep neural network (DNN) for MNIST handwritten digit recognition, the device achieved 92.03% accuracy over 20 training epochs. Detailed transport mechanism analysis revealed the crucial role of oxygen vacancies and interface effects in device operation. Our preliminary findings establish LTO-based lithium-ion electrochemical transistors as promising candidates for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing applications, offering potential solutions to traditional Von Neumann architecture limitations.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Significance of the structural configuration of B2 disorder in Co and Ti based Heusler alloys

We investigate here structural (at local and global levels) and transport properties for 𝑋 2 ⁢MnAl (𝑋= Co and Ti). Additionally, the magnetic properties were also studied for Ti 2 ⁢MnAl. Our x-ray diffraction results show that both the compounds stabilize in B2 disordered phase with cubic structure of 𝑃⁢𝑚⁢$\overline{3}$⁢𝑚 space group. Further, the structural configuration of the above disordered phase for both the compounds was identified using combined studies of x-ray absorption spectroscopy and multiple scattering calculations at the transition metal 𝐾 edges. Upon such identification, in the case of Co 2 ⁢Mn 1−𝑦⁢ Cr 𝑦 ⁢Al (𝑦= 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) with change in 𝑦, we are able to establish a better connection quantitatively between the inverse of Mn-Co bonds and peak in the temperature-dependent resistivity. This highlights the crucial importance of a detailed understanding of the nature of B2 disorder. In the case of 𝑦=0, in the temperature range of study, the resistivity is driven by the functional form associated with (a) three-dimensional enhanced electron-electron Coulomb interaction scattering mechanism and (b) an unconventional one-magnon process. For Ti 2 ⁢MnAl, the transport shows metallic glasslike behavior at high temperature, while at low temperature it follows both the Cote-Meisel's model and quantum correction model. In this compound, the magnetic studies suggest the formation of superparamagnetic clusters in the paramagnetic matrix at low temperatures. Our density functional theory results are in line with the transport and magnetic properties. In literature, the spin polarization percentage (𝑃) for 𝑋= Co in B2 disordered phase is 76%. However, the present results emphasize the fact that in B2 disordered phase, the value of 𝑃 can range from 90% to 71% depending on the structural configuration introduced by swapping of the atomic positions of Mn and Al. For the compound under study, the value of percentage spin polarization obtained ranges between 82% to 85%. In addition, we also identify the origin of the difference in the shape of the Mn 3⁢𝑑 density of states for both the alloys. In conclusion, our results for 𝑋= Co alloy highlights the importance of identifying the specific structural configuration associated with a particular disorder category especially in the estimation of 𝑇 𝑐 and 𝑃 and for 𝑋= Ti, the physical properties can be tuned by varying the position of 𝐸 𝐹 and thereby its utilization in device applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spontaneous Valley Polarization of Itinerant Electrons

Memory or transistor devices based on an electron’s spin rather than its charge degree of freedom offer certain distinct advantages and comprise a cornerstone of spintronics. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a new field, valleytronics, which seeks to exploit an electron’s valley index rather than its spin. An important component in this quest would be the ability to control the valley index in a convenient fashion. Here we show that the valley polarization can be switched from zero to 1 by a small reduction in density, simply tuned by a gate bias, in a two-dimensional electron system. This phenomenon, which is akin to Bloch spin ferromagnetism, arises fundamentally as a result of electron-electron interaction in an itinerant, dilute electron system. Essentially, the kinetic energy favors an equal distribution of electrons over the available valleys, whereas the interaction between electrons prefers single-valley occupancy below a critical density. The gate-bias-tuned transition we observe is accompanied by a sudden, twofold change in sample resistance, making the phenomenon of interest for potential valleytronic transistor device applications. Finally, our observation constitutes a quintessential demonstration of valleytronics in a very simple experiment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS2002

Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Metal-Semiconductor Diode Device

We study recently reported drain current Id-drain voltage Vd characteristics of a carbon nanotube metal semiconductor diode device with the gate voltage Vg applied to modulate the carrier density in the nanotube. The diode was kink-shaped at the metal-semiconductor interface. It was shown that (1) larger negative Vg blocked Id more effectively in the negative Vd region, resulting in the rectifying Id-Vd characteristics, and that (2) positive Vg allowed Id in the both Vd polarities, resulting in the non-rectifying characteristics. The negative Vd was the Schottky reverse direction, judging from the negligible Id behavior for a wide region of -4 V less than Vd less than 0 V, with Vg = -4 V. Such negative Vg would attract positive charges from the metallic electrodes (charge reservoir) to the nanotube and lower the nanotube Fermi energy (EF). With larger negative Vg, the experiment showed that the Schottky forward direction (Vd greater than 0) had a smaller turn-on voltage and the Schottky reverse direction (Vd less than 0) was more resistant to the tunneling breakdown. Therefore, the majority carriers in the transport would be electrons since they can see a lower tunneling barrier (shallower built-in potential) in the forward direction when EF is lowered, and a thicker tunneling barrier (Schottky barrier) in the reverse direction due to the reduction in the electron density when EF is lowered.

Yamada, Toshishige↗
DOE OSTI2021

Editors’ Choice—Natural Convection Boundary Layer Thickness at Elevated Chloride Concentrations and Temperatures and the Effects on a Galvanic Couple

The natural convection boundary layer ( δ n c ) and its influence on cathodic current in a galvanic couple under varying electrolytes as a function of concentration (1 − 5.3 M NaCl) and temperature (25 °C−45 °C) were understood. Polarization scans were obtained under quiescent conditions and at defined boundary layer thicknesses using a rotating disk electrode on platinum and stainless steel 304L (SS304L); these were combined to determine δ n c . With increasing chloride concentration and temperature, δ n c decreased. Increased mass transport (Sherwood number) results in a decrease in δ n c , providing a means to predict this important boundary. Using Finite Element Modeling, the cathodic current was calculated for an aluminum alloy/SS304L galvanic couple as a function of water layer ( WL ) thickness and cathode length. Electrolyte domains were delineated, describing (i) dominance of ohmic resistance over mass transport under thin WL , (ii) the transition from thin film to bulk conditions at δ n c , and (iii) dominance of mass transport under thick WL . With increasing chloride concentration, cathodic current decreased due to decreases in mass transport. With increasing temperature, increased cathodic current was related to increases in mass transport and solution conductivity. This study has implications for sample sizing and corrosion prediction under changing environments.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Theoretical predictive screening of noble-metal-containing M 3 AuC 2 (M = Ti, V, and Cr) MAX phases

Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), the ground state physical properties of the newly synthesized noble-metal-containing Ti 3 AuC 2 MAX phase have been investigated. The effect of transition-element Ti replacement (V and Cr) on physical properties, including structural, elastic, electronic, thermal, and optical are presented. The optimized lattice parameters of Ti 3 AuC 2 MAX phase are in good agreement with the experimental values and decrease when we replace Ti with V and then Cr. The magnetic properties of M 3 AuC 2 are predicted by using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) incorporating onsite electron correlation parameter (Hubbard U parameter) within DFT. Out of three studied MAX phases, V 3 AuC 2 and Cr 3 AuC 2 phases exhibit magnetism. The thermodynamical stability of M 3 AuC 2 (M = Ti, V, and Cr) phases is discussed by the formation enthalpy with respect to their most competing phases. The electronic structure reveals that these phases have metallic nature and are electrically anisotropic. The M-element replacement has an effect on the bonding properties of M 3 AuC 2 . The bonding between M-C is in the order of Cr 3 AuC 2 > V 3 AuC 2 > Ti 3 AuC 2 according to their peak positions and heights of density of states in the occupied site, which is also confirmed from the charge density distribution. The elastic properties indicate that M 3 AuC 2 phases are ductile, machinable, less stiff, and better resistant to thermal shock and are elastically anisotropic. To understand the properties of M 3 AuC 2 for the extreme environment, we employed a quasi-harmonic Debye model at the pressure and temperature range of 0–50 GPa and 0–1600 K, respectively. Additionally, we evaluated thermal conductivity and melting temperature to further understand the potential of these MAX phases in coating applications at elevated temperature. In relation to optical properties, these MAX phases have a reasonable absorption coefficient in the visible as well as in the ultra-violet regions. The reflectivity of M 3 AuC 2 phases is polarization dependent and of 45 % against the visible region, which reveals its potential as coating material to minimize solar heating.

312 MAX phases↗
NASA NTRS1995

Heavy fermion behavior explained by bosons

Conventional heavy fermion (HF) theories require existence of massive fermions. We show that heavy fermion phenomena can also be simply explained by existence of bosons with moderate mass but temperature dependent concentration below the formation temperature T(sub B), which in turn is close to room temperature. The bosons B(++) are proposed to be in chemical equilibrium with a system of holes h(+): B(++) = h(+) + h(+). This equilibrium is governed by a boson breaking function f(T), which determines the decreasing boson density and the increasing fermion density with increasing temperature. Since HF-compounds are hybridized from minimum two elements, we assume in addition existence of another fermion component h(sub s)(+) with temperature independent density. This spectator component is thought to be the main agent in binding the bosons in analogy with electronic or muonic molecules. Using a linear boson breaking function we can explain temperature dependence of the giant linear specific heat coefficient gamma(T) coming essentially from bosons. The maxima in resistivity, Hall coefficient, and susceptibility are explained by boson localization effects due to the Wigner crystallization. The antiferromagnetic transitions in turn are explained by similar localization of the pairing fermion system when their density n(sub h)(T(sub FL)) becomes lower than n(sub WC), the critical density of Wigner crystallization. The model applies irrespective whether a compound is superconducting or not. The same model explains the occurrence of low temperature antiferromagnetism also in high-T(sub c) superconductors. The double transition in UPt3 is proposed to be due to the transition of the pairing fermion liquid from spin polarized to unpolarized state.

Kallio, A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Magnetic-field measurements for the Lewis Research Center cyclotron

The magnetic field of the Lewis Center cyclotron was mapped by using a Hall-effect magnetic-field transducer. Main-field Fourier coefficients were determined on a polar mesh of 40 radii for each of seven levels of main-field coil current. Incremental fields for eight sets of trim coils and two sets of harmonic coils were also determined at four of these main-field levels. A stored-program, digital computer was used to perform the measurements. The process was entirely automatic; all data-taking and data-reduction activities were specified by the computer programs. A new method for temperature compensation of a Hall element was used. This method required no temperature control of the element. Measurements of the Hall voltage and Hall-element resistance were sufficient to correct for temperature effects.

Fessler, T. E.↗
DOE OSTI2024

High conductivity coherently strained quantum well XHEMT heterostructures on AlN substrates with delta doping

Polarization-induced two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in AlN/GaN/AlN quantum well high-electron-mobility transistors on ultrawide bandgap AlN substrates offer a promising route to advance microwave and power electronics with nitride semiconductors. The electron mobility in thin GaN quantum wells embedded in AlN is limited by high internal electric field and the presence of undesired polarization-induced two-dimensional hole gases (2DHGs). To enhance the electron mobility in such heterostructures on AlN, previous efforts have resorted to thick, relaxed GaN channels with dislocations. In this work, we introduce n-type compensation δ-doping in a coherently strained single-crystal (Xtal) AlN/GaN/AlN heterostructure to counter the 2DHG formation at the GaN/AlN interface, and simultaneously lower the internal electric field in the well. This approach yields a δ-doped XHEMT structure with a high 2DEG density of ∼3.2×1013 cm−2 and a room temperature (RT) mobility of ∼855 cm2/Vs, resulting in the lowest RT sheet resistance 226.7 Ω/□ reported to date in coherently strained AlN/GaN/AlN HEMT heterostructures on the AlN platform.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Synthetic Graphite Manufactured via Electrochemical Graphitization

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are expected to play a crucial role in meeting many of the clean energy-related goals. Due to its electrical properties such as good conductance, chemical inertness, and corrosion resistance, graphite is a very popular anode for LIBs. Traditional methods of producing battery-grade graphite (high purity >99%) include processing naturally mined graphite or manufacturing synthetic graphite via the Acheson process, which converts soft amorphous carbons such as petroleum coke into graphite by subjecting it to high temperature (up to 3000 °C) for prolonged periods of times (3–5 days). However, due to a lack of abundant high purity natural graphite sources, synthetic graphite is the preferred choice for many LIBs. A new synthetic electrochemical graphitization method that subjects the amorphous carbon precursor submerged in a molten salt mixture to a constant cathodic polarization (against a graphitic anode) has been discovered that has significantly lower graphitization temperatures (~800 °C) and reduced graphitization time (3–6 h). Furthermore, the method can accept a higher variety of carbon precursors compared to the Acheson process. A prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted on this new method and compared against the traditional processes. The laboratory-scale demonstration of the method is used to build an inventory, which through various assumptions is scaled up to a commercial scale. An additional scenario is also considered with a biomass-derived carbon precursor for the graphite. The results from the LCA show that while the laboratory scale process is similar to the Acheson process and natural flake graphite in terms of impact, the scaled-up process is drastically better than the Acheson process in all environmental categories. Using a coconut shell-derived biomass precursor has a higher impact due to its manufacturing in Indonesia, as the Indonesian energy grid is highly fossil fuel dependent. Therefore, the biomass carbon may have a higher impact than petroleum coke dependent on the location of production of biomass-derived carbon black. The LCA has identified the molten salt—CaCl 2 —as a potential hotspot and suggests other salts should be considered. Accordingly, the new method shows promise in this early stage LCA in improving the environmental performance of graphite (and by relation LIBs) and therefore needs to be explored more in terms of its commercial viability.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS2013

NASA Tech Briefs, April 2013

Topics covered include: Fully Integrated, Miniature, High-Frequency Flow Probe Utilizing MEMS Leadless SOI Technology; Nanoscale Surface Plasmonics Sensor With Nanofluidic Control; Advanced Dispersed Fringe Sensing Algorithm for Coarse Phasing Segmented Mirror Telescopes; Neural Network Back-Propagation Algorithm for Sensing Hypergols; Bulk Moisture and Salinity Sensor; Change-Based Satellite Monitoring Using Broad Coverage and Targetable Sensing; Circularly Polarized Microwave Antenna Element with Very Low Off-Axis Cross-Polarization; Ultra-Low Heat-Leak, High-Temperature Superconducting Current Leads for Space Applications; Flash Cracking Reactor for Waste Plastic Processing; An Automated Safe-to-Mate (ASTM) Tester; Wireless Chalcogenide Nanoionic-Based Radio-Frequency Switch; Compute Element and Interface Box for the Hazard Detection System; DOT Transmit Module; Composite Aerogel Multifoil Protective Shielding; Li-Ion Electrolytes with Improved Safety and Tolerance to High-Voltage Systems; Polymer-Reinforced, Non-Brittle, Lightweight Cryogenic Insulation; Controlled, Site-Specific Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Diazonium Salts; Regenerable Sorbent for CO2 Removal; Sprayable Aerogel Bead Compositions With High Shear Flow Resistance and High Thermal Insulation Value; Lexan Linear Shaped Charge Holder with Magnets and Backing Plate; Robotic Ankle for Omnidirectional Rock Anchors; Wind, Wave, and Tidal Energy Without Power Conditioning; An Active Heater Control Concept to Meet IXO Type Mirror Module Thermal-Structural Distortion Requirement; Waterless Clothes-Cleaning Machine; Integrated Electrical Wire Insulation Repair System; LVGEMS Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry on Satellites; Surface Inspection Tool for Optical Detection of Surface Defects; Per-Pixel, Dual-Counter Scheme for Optical Communications; Certification-Based Process Analysis; Surface Navigation Using Optimized Waypoints and Particle Swarm Optimization; Smart-Divert Powered Descent Guidance to Avoid the Backshell Landing Dispersion Ellipse; Estimating Foreign-Object-Debris Density from Photogrammetry Data; Adaptive Sampling of Spatiotemporal Phenomena with Optimization Criteria; Building a 2.5D Digital Elevation Model From 2D Imagery; Eyes on the Earth 3D; Target Trailing With Safe Navigation for Maritime Autonomous Surface Vehicles; Adams-Based Rover Terramechanics and Mobility Simulator - ARTEMIS; ISTP CDF Skeleton Editor; Uplink Summary Generator (ULSGEN) Version 1.0; Robotics On-Board Trainer (ROBoT); Software Engineering Tools for Scientific Models; Automatic Data Filter Customization Using a Genetic Algorithm; Tracker Toolkit; Towards Efficient Scientific Data Management Using Cloud Storage; On a Formal Tool for Reasoning About Flight Software Cost Analysis; A Nanostructured Composites Thermal Switch Controls Internal and External Short Circuit in Lithium Ion Batteries; Spacecraft Crew Cabin Condensation Control; and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals Measure Neuronal Activity in the Cortex.

Source record↗