Island decay on Pd (111): From adatom diffusion to nucleation.
Abstract not provided.
Fernandes Cauduro, Andre Luis↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Development of a Metocean Reference Site near the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Wind Energy Areas
This project developed the first long-term U.S.-based offshore MetOcean Reference Site (MORS-1) by capitalizing on a unique combination of one of the few existing publicly available offshore wind energy metocean observational campaigns in the United States and the only existing research-grade offshore fixed tower. Data collected at MORS-1 has facilitated improved wind resource assessments, improved short-term power production estimates, and reduced costs for sensor validation and calibration efforts, which translate into reduced overall wind energy project risk and cost for developers. Now operational, MORS-1 serves the needs of both industry and researchers using a nonprofit, joint industry-academic partnership model. Led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the MORS-1 development effort focused on creating both a recognized organizational structure that will ensure support of the MORS-1 by the wider wind energy industry and research community, and a highly validated data collection and sensor validation facility that will serve as the premier location for cost- and uncertainty-reducing resource characterization and research efforts.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Advanced Reactors Integrated Energy System: Thermal Energy Storage Island Design
The main topic of this research is integrated energy systems (IES) designed for pairing industrial thermal energy loads with advanced reactors (ARs). The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Crosscutting Technology Development IES program and the National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC) are seeking to develop, design, and construct an AR-IES demonstration platform that couples the thermal output from an AR operating at the INL/NRIC Demonstration of Microreactor Experiments (DOME) test bed in the Experimental Breeder II dome to a variable capacity load emulator (i.e., air-cooled radiator) and sensible thermal energy storage (TES) via a molten salt thermal energy transfer fluid. In the rapidly evolving landscape of energy supply and distribution, flexibility has emerged as a prized attribute, surpassing the traditional notions of stability and baseload generation capability. This shift in priorities is particularly evident in the context of nuclear power plants (NPPs), where adaptability over constant output is becoming more important. As our energy infrastructure and resources embraces the rise of distributed energy generation, the inherent variability in net demand continues to grow. Moreover, the use of nuclear energy as a source of heat for decarbonizing the industrial sector is becoming a very pressing topic. In such environment, advanced NPPs are poised to enter a more competitive energy market, delivering both, flexible electricity and heat. This shift motivates the exploration of TES systems, designed to empower NPPs with nimble responsiveness to market fluctuations, flexible heat delivery capabilities, and redefine their role in the energy field. TES systems offer the unique advantage of storing nuclear energy in its original form as heat, thereby affording unparalleled flexibility in its subsequent utilization.
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
Disruption avoidance via island suppression: the crucial roles of DIII-D and foundational research
The FESAC long range plan calls out disruption avoidance and mitigation as key remaining technical gaps. In discussing the roles of DIII-D and NSTX-U, the FESAC long range plan says “Additional research on these facilities, in combination with private and international collaborations, continuing support of existing university tokamak programs, and utilization of US expertise in theory and simulation, is needed to find solutions to remaining technical gaps. These gaps include disruption prediction, avoidance, and mitigation …”. Disruptions pose an existential threat to ITER and to FPPs. For a fusion reactor, unplanned shutdowns caused by disruptions will be a significant barrier to connecting such a reactor to the electric grid, even if disruption mitigation is successful. Disruption studies for ITER in recent years have largely focused on disruption mitigation (e.g., pellet injection), motivated by near-term deadlines for finalizing the design of the mitigation hardware. It is recognized, however, that mitigation alone will not suffice. The 2022 U.S. ITER Research Needs Workshop Report states that ”[d]isruptions are considered the largest threat to the ITER Research Program”, and that “[m]itigation should be a last resort”. As we discuss below, there are unresolved foundational issues that play a critical role in avoidance, and DIII-D is an ideal device for generating the data needed to address these issues.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Self-healing, self-assembling islanded power systems using only local measurements
This SAND report collects the results from the LDRD project “SHAZAM”, which aimed to push the limits of performance for self-healing, self-assembling power systems whose sectionalizing and load-control agents rely on local measurements only (i.e., only what they can measure at their own terminals, with no data sharing between agents). This work includes self-networking microgrids. The key objectives of this work were a) to demonstrate how high the performance of local-measurement-only self-assembling power systems can be; and b) to solve certain technical problems associated with such systems, such as their inability to prevent the accidental formation of closed loops and their tendency to thermally overload some conductors. “SHAZAM” investigators a) demonstrated that the performance of such systems can be surprisingly high, b) demonstrated that such systems are quite robust to all kinds of variations, and c) developed and demonstrated solutions to several key challenges associated with this type of system.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds using Au plasmonic nano-islands on TiO2
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Miller, Philip Rocco↗
Baselining the Indirect Effect by Improving Quantification of Sea Spray and Marine Sources at Ascension Island (Final Report)
Oceans cover two-thirds of the Earth and understanding the interactions of aerosols with clouds in these large marine regions requires quantifying the man-made contributions to the budget of cloud-drop forming particles (known as cloud condensation nuclei, or CCN) relative to the non-manmade “baseline” conditions and understanding the meteorology of boundary layer clouds. Modeling studies have shown substantial uncertainties and sensitivities to natural marine CCN sources, meaning that to reduce uncertainties in indirect effects we must be able to better quantify the CCN budget in ocean regions. While models provide important constraints on these uncertainties, actually reducing uncertainties requires substantial observations in open-ocean and coastal regions in order to establish the baseline on which manmade emissions are added. The tropical South Atlantic Ocean is one of the least-sampled regions of the planet, making the comprehensive measurements of the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Layered Atlantic Smoke Interactions with Clouds (LASIC) campaign provides the longest record of aerosol size distribution measurements from a differential mobility analyzer in a cloud-influenced marine location in the ARM database, with 17 months of ground-based aerosol size distribution measurements. This project addressed the research topic of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (ACI) by supporting three publications from the LASIC measurements: 1. The ARM measurements were combined with a new value-added technique that was pioneered by the Russell group for quantifying sea salt. This quantification of sea salt uses supermicron scattering measurements for retrieving reasonable sea spray mass concentrations, providing the best-available, observationally-constrained estimate of the sea spray mode properties when supermicron size distribution measurements are not available. 2. The fitted modes of the distribution were used to investigate the signatures of cloud processing for very clean to very smoky aerosol conditions, revealing not only differences in the particles that activate in clouds but also in the mechanisms that control that droplet formation process. In clean air, the size required to form a cloud droplet is influenced by the number of particles, as well as how quickly particles take up water during growth in cloud. 3. Building on this aerosol characterization, cloud and meteorological conditions were used to evaluate aerosol-related changes in cloud albedo and optical depth. We introduced a new method of decomposing the impact of aerosols on clouds known as the Twomey effect by incorporating retrieved supersaturation from two independent sets of observations to constrain the feedback of aerosol particles on cloud properties. The method quantifies the reduction of the Twomey effect at high aerosol concentrations, which has never been explained quantitatively by observations. In addition, the results provide the first direct validation for the conditions observed in the tropical South Atlantic of a parcel-based approach that is embedded in many climate models. Together these findings illustrate how ARM extended field campaigns in stratocumulus-covered regions can be used to constrain ACI processes with direct observations, providing specific radiative effects without models. By making such process-specific constraints available to improve ACI in global climate models, ARM observations play a key role in supporting model development.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
A Technique for Thermal Overload Mitigation in a Self-Healing Intentional Island System Using Only Local Measurements
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Ropp, Michael E.↗
Discovery and Functional Characterization of Genomic Islands for Non-Model Bacterial Systems
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Mageeney, Catherine Margaret↗
Radar Wind Profiler at San Nicolas Island
These data are collected as part of an observational database developed to support the floating offshore wind energy research under the ORACLE project funded by DOE Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO). The radar wind profiler network data are collected by NOAA (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/obs/datadisplay), and only data within the state of California are part of the database.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Rhode Island Site - NREL ASSIST Thermodynamic Retrievals TROPoe v0.19 / Derived Data
This dataset contains daily files with thermodynamic profiles retrieved with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe v0.19 (Turner and Löhnert, 2014; Turner and Blumberg, 2019; Turner and Löhnert, 2021). The profiles are retrieved every 10 minutes from instantaneous observations from the NREL ASSIST-II (SN 12) infrared spectrometer. Observations are noise-filtered but not averaged in time to minimize errors due to non-uniform clouds. Additional input data in TROPoe are cloud base height from the collocated NREL upgraded Galion lidar (Newsom et al., 2019), and surface temperature, relative humidity, and pressure from the collocated PNNL met tower. The full pipeline to run the retrieval is available at https://github.com/StefanoWind/TROPoe_processor. In addition to these temporally resolved input data, TROPoe requires an a priori dataset (prior) that provides mean climatological estimates of thermodynamic profiles and specifies how temperature and humidity covary with height as an input (for details see, e.g., Djalalova et al., 2022). The prior is a key component of the retrieval and provides a constraint on the ill-posed inversion problem. A monthly prior was computed from operational radiosonde launches at Upton, NY.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
NREL ASSIST Rhode Island / Thermodynamic retrievals TROPoe
This dataset contains daily files with thermodynamic profiles retrieved with the optimal estimation physical retrieval TROPoe (Turner and Löhnert 2014; Turner and Blumberg 2019; Turner and Löhnert 2021). The profiles are retrieved every 10 minutes from instantaneous observations from the NREL ASSIST-II (SN 11) infrared spectrometer. Observations are noise-filtered but not averaged in time to minimize errors due to non-uniform clouds. Additional input data in TROPoe are cloud base height from a collocated NREL Upgraded Galion lidar #1212-60 and temperature, RH, and pressure from collocated PNNL met station. The lidar beta is used to estimate the cloud base height through a modified algorithm by Newsom et al., 2019 used at ARM SGP. The full pipeline for running the retrieval is available at https://github.com/StefanoWind/TROPoe_processor. In addition to these temporally resolved input data, TROPoe requires an a priori dataset (prior) which provides mean climatological estimates of thermodynamic profiles and specifies how temperature and humidity covary with height as an input (for details see e.g. Djalalova et al. 2022). The prior is a key component of the retrieval and provides a constraint on the ill-posed inversion problem. A monthly prior was computed from operational radiosonde launches at Upton, NY.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Rheology Investigations with Sludges from Metro Vancouver
Rheological investigation were performed with primary and secondary waste water treatment sludge. Using a rheometer equipped with a high pressure/temperature cell, flow curves were generated over shear rate at 0 to 1000 s-1. Temperature sweeps spanning 25 to 300 C were also performed are are reported here. The original release, PNNL-SA-185826, is being revised. The revision include a revision table, a disclaimer, and the underlying data set is being added.
sludge wastewater treatment plant sludge character↗
Consumption Patterns of a Generalist Omnivore: Eastern Box Turtle Diets in the Long Island Pine Barrens
Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina) are diet generalists and as such are predicted to have diverse diets in which familiar, low-quality foods are eaten consistently at low levels, and high-quality foods are rare but eaten whenever available. Previous work showed that they feed opportunistically on seasonally available plants (shoots, leaves, flowers, and fruit), invertebrates, mushrooms, and occasionally carrion. We used fecal samples to test optimal foraging predictions relevant to diet generalists and also whether the Eastern Box Turtle diets varied seasonally in a northeastern U.S. pine-oak habitat. We found that in-depth prey species consumption patterns of six different individuals were similar to those of the sampled population overall. Leaf and stem material was consumed by 100% of the turtles in all months despite being lower-quality than other prey available. Invertebrates were consumed by at least 80% of turtles in every study period; Coleopterans were found more commonly than other invertebrates. Snails were not eaten by more than 20% of the turtles in any study period, and mushroom consumption varied from 31–75% of samples in different study periods. Monthly diet overlap was measured using both Pianka’s Index of Overlap (PIO) and the Morisita–Horn Index (MH). The PIO method indicated that the prey consumption patterns were broadly similar from June–October, while the M–H method showed that only the July vs. August comparison was highly similar. The turtle diets changed only slightly between seasons, and they conform to predictions of diet generalist models usually applied to mammals.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Assessing the suitability of sites near Pine Island Glacier for subglacial bedrock drilling aimed at detecting Holocene retreat–readvance
Abstract. Unambiguous identification of past episodes of ice sheet thinning below the modern surface and grounding line retreat inboard of present requires recovery and exposure dating of subglacial bedrock. Such efforts are needed to understand the significance and potential future reversibility of ongoing and projected change in Antarctica. Here we evaluate the suitability for subglacial bedrock drilling of sites in the Hudson Mountains, which are located in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica. We use an ice sheet model and field data – geological observations, glaciological observations and bedrock samples from nunataks, and ground-penetrating radar from subglacial ridges – to rate each site against four key criteria: (i) presence of ridges extending below the ice sheet, (ii) likelihood of increased exposure of those ridges if the grounding line was inboard of present, (iii) suitability of bedrock for drilling and geochemical analysis, and (iv) accessibility for aircraft and drilling operations. Our results demonstrate that although no site in the Hudson Mountains is perfect for this study when assessed against all criteria, the accessibility, N–S orientation and basaltic bedrock lithology of Winkie Nunatak's southernmost ridge (74.86° S, 99.77° W) make it a feasible site both for drilling and subsequent cosmogenic nuclide analysis. Furthermore, the ridge is strewn with glacial erratics at all elevations, providing valuable constraints on its early Holocene deglacial history. Based on our experiences during this study, we conclude with a series of recommendations for assessing site suitability for future bedrock drilling campaigns. We emphasise the importance of consulting a range of expertise prior to drilling and ensuring that sufficient field reconnaissance is undertaken (including obtaining detailed grids of radar survey data and bedrock samples).
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Windsonde Atmospheric Profile during CoURAGE 2024-2025 at Kent Island.
This is the atmospheric sounding data using Sparv Windsond S1 lower-atmosphere profiling instruments ( https://sparv.io/products/windsond-s1) . These data are taken weekly (twice weekly and twice daily during the two CoURAGE IOPs in February and July 2025). Lower-atmosphere conditions, generally between the surface and 5km altitude, are recorded. The variables include pressure, height, temperature, dew-point temperature, wind speed, and wind direction.
air_temperature↗
Replication Data for: Facilitating hydrogen atom migration via a dense phase on palladium islands to a surrounding silver surface
The data underlying this published work have been made publicly available in this repository as part of the IMASC Data Management Plan. This work was supported as part of the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012573.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗