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At least 451 records · Page 25

First Measurement of Differential Charged Current Quasielasticlike $\nu_{\mu}$ -Argon Scattering Cross Sections with the MicroBooNE Detector

We report on the first measurement of flux-integrated single differential cross sections for charged-current (CC) muon neutrino ($\nu_{\mu}$) scattering on argon with a muon and a proton in the final state, 40 Ar $(\nu_{\mu},μp)X$. The measurement was carried out using the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber detector with an exposure of 4.59 × 10 19 protons on target. Events are selected to enhance the contribution of CC quasielastic (CCQE) interactions. The data are reported in terms of a total cross section as well as single differential cross sections in final state muon and proton kinematics. We measure the integrated per-nucleus CCQE-like cross section (i.e., for interactions leading to a muon, one proton, and no pions above detection threshold) of (4.93 ± 0.76 stat ± 1.29 sys )×10 -38 cm 2 , in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The single differential cross sections are also in overall good agreement with theoretical predictions, except at very forward muon scattering angles that correspond to low-momentum-transfer events.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Efficient Monte Carlo event generation for neutrino-nucleus exclusive cross sections

Modern neutrino-nucleus cross section computations need to incorporate sophisticated nuclear models to achieve greater predictive precision. However, the computational complexity of these advanced models often limits their practicality for experimental analyses. To address this challenge, we introduce a new Monte Carlo method utilizing normalizing flows to generate surrogate cross sections that closely approximate those of the original model while significantly reducing computational overhead. As a case study, we built a Monte Carlo event generator for the neutrino-nucleus cross section model developed by the Ghent group. This model employs a Hartree-Fock procedure to establish a quantum mechanical framework in which both the bound and scattering nucleon states are solutions to the mean-field nuclear potential. The surrogate cross sections generated by our method demonstrate excellent accuracy with a relative effective sample size of more than 98.4%, providing a computationally efficient alternative to traditional Monte Carlo sampling methods for differential cross sections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Toward virtual thin-beam 𝜈 cross-section measurements: A feasibility study of 𝜈-Ar interaction analysis with DUNE-PRISM

Neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements are critical for future neutrino oscillation analyses. However, our models to describe them require further refinement, and a deeper understanding of the underlying physics is essential for future neutrino oscillation experiments to realize their ambitious physics goals. Current neutrino cross section measurements provide clear deficiencies in neutrino interaction modeling, but almost all are reported averaged over broad neutrino fluxes, rendering their interpretation challenging. Using the concept of deep underground neutrino experiment-precision reaction independent spectrum measurement (DUNE-PRISM)—a movable near detector that samples multiple off axis positions—neutrino interaction measurements can be used to construct narrow virtual fluxes (less than 100 MeV wide). These fluxes can be used to extract charged-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections as functions of outgoing lepton kinematics within specific neutrino energy ranges. Based on a dedicated simulation with realistic event statistics and flux-related systematic uncertainties, but assuming an almost-perfect detector, we run a feasibility study demonstrating how DUNE-PRISM data can be used to measure muon neutrino charged-current integrated and differential cross sections over narrow fluxes. We find that this approach enables a largely model-independent reconstruction of powerful observables, including energy transfer, typically accessible only in electron scattering measurements, but that large exposures may be required for differential cross section measurements with few-percentage statistical uncertainties.

Neutrino interactions↗

Precision lattice parameter determination from transmission diffraction of thick specimens with irregular cross sections

Accurate determination of lattice parameters from X-ray diffraction requires that the diffraction angles be measured very precisely, and significant errors result if the sample–detector separation differs from that assumed. Transmission diffraction from bones, which have a complex cross section and must be left intact, is a situation where this separation is difficult to measure and it may differ from position to position across the specimen. Here, this article describes a method for eliminating the effect of variable sample cross section. Diffraction patterns for each position on the specimen are collected before and after 180° rotation about an axis normal to the cross section of interest. This places the centroid of the diffracting mass at the center of rotation and provides the absolute lattice parameters from the average apparent lattice parameters at the two rotation angles. Diffraction patterns were collected across the cross section of three specimens: a 3D-printed elliptical cylinder of Hyperelastic Bone (HB), which is composed primarily of synthetic hydroxyapatite (hAp), a 3D-printed HB model of the second metacarpal bone (Mc2), and a modern human Mc2 containing nanocrystalline carbonated apatite (cAp). Rietveld refinement was used to determine precise unit-cell parameters a apparent and c apparent for each pattern of each scan, and these values determined the actual average < a > and < c > for each sample. In conclusion, the results indicate that the 0°/180° rotation method works well enough to uncover variations approaching 1 × 10 -3 Å in cAp unit-cell parameters in intact bones with irregular cross sections.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Precision measurement and interpretation of inclusive W + W - Z /γ* production cross sections with the ATLAS detector

High-precision measurements by the ATLAS Collaboration are presented of inclusive W + →ℓ + νW + →ℓ - $\bar{v}$ and Z/γ*→ℓℓ (ℓ = e,μ) Drell-Yan production cross sections at the LHC. The data were collected in proton–proton collisions at s√=7 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb -1 . Differential W + W - cross sections are measured in a lepton pseudorapidity range |η ℓ | <2.5. Differential Z/γ* cross sections are measured as a function of the absolute dilepton rapidity, for |y ℓℓ |<3.6, for three intervals of dilepton mass, m ℓℓ , extending from 46 to 150 GeV. The integrated and differential electron- and muon-channel cross sections are combined and compared to theoretical predictions using recent sets of parton distribution functions. The data, together with the final inclusive e ± p scattering cross-section data from H1 and ZEUS, are interpreted in a next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD analysis, and a new set of parton distribution functions, ATLAS-epWZ16, is obtained. The ratio of strange-to-light sea-quark densities in the proton is determined more accurately than in previous determinations based on collider data only, and is established to be close to unity in the sensitivity range of the data. Lastly, a new measurement of the CKM matrix element |V cs | is also provided.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the ${\mathrm {t}\overline{\mathrm {t}}}$ production cross section, the top quark mass, and the strong coupling constant using dilepton events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $

A measurement of the top quark-antiquark pair production cross section $\sigma_{\mathrm{t\overline{t}}}$ in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016. Dilepton events (e$^\pm\mu^\mp$, $\mu^+\mu^-$, e$^+$e$^-$) are selected and the cross section is measured from a likelihood fit. For a top quark mass parameter in the simulation of $m^{\mathrm{MC}}_{\mathrm{t}} =$ 172.5 GeV the fit yields a measured cross section $\sigma_{\mathrm{t\overline{t}}} =$ 803 $\pm$ 2 (stat) $\pm$ 25 (syst) $\pm$ 20 (lumi) pb, in agreement with the expectation from the standard model calculation at next-to-next-to-leading order. A simultaneous fit of the cross section and the top quark mass parameter in the POWHEG simulation is performed. The measured value of $m^{\mathrm{MC}}_{\mathrm{t}} =$ 172.33 $\pm$ 0.14 (stat) $^{+0.66}_{-0.72}$ (syst) GeV is in good agreement with previous measurements. The resulting cross section is used, together with the theoretical prediction, to determine the top quark mass and to extract a value of the strong coupling constant with different sets of parton distribution functions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Precise measurement of the tt¯ production cross-section and lepton differential distributions in eμ dilepton events from s=13TeVpp collisions with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive top quark pair (tt¯$$t\bar{t}$$) cross-section σtt¯$$\sigma _{t\bar{t}}$$ has been measured in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV$$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV}$$, using 140fb-1$$140\,{\text {fb}^{-1}} $$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Using events with an opposite-charge eμ$$e\mu $$ pair and b-tagged jets, the cross-section is measured to be: σtt¯=829.3±1.3(stat)±8.0(syst)±7.3(lumi)±1.9(beam)pb,$$\begin{aligned} \sigma _{t\bar{t}} & = 829.3\pm 1.3\,\mathrm {(stat)}\ \pm 8.0\,\mathrm {(syst)}\ \pm 7.3\,\mathrm {(lumi)}\ \\ & \quad \pm 1.9\,\mathrm {(beam)}\,\textrm{pb}, \end{aligned}$$where the uncertainties reflect the limited size of the data sample, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity, and the proton beam energy, giving a total uncertainty of 1.3%. The result is used to determine the top quark pole mass via the dependence of the predicted cross-section on mtpole$${m_{t}^\textrm{pole}}$$, giving mtpole=172.8-1.7+1.5$${m_{t}^\textrm{pole}}=172.8^{+1.5}_{-1.7}$$ GeV$$\text {GeV}$$. The same event sample is used to measure absolute and normalised differential cross-sections for the tt¯→eμνν¯bb¯$$t\bar{t} \rightarrow e\mu u \bar{ u }b\bar{b} $$ process as a function of single-lepton and dilepton kinematic variables. Complementary measurements of eμbb¯$$e\mu b\bar{b} $$ production, treating both tt¯$$t\bar{t}$$ and Wt events as signal, are also provided. Both sets of differential cross-sections are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, demonstrating that the state-of-the-art generators Powheg MiNNLO and Powhegbb4l describe the data better than Powheghvq.

Aad, G↗

Wrapper for the optimization of cross-section generation in OpenMC

The "Wrapper for the optimization of cross-section generation in OpenMC" is Python-based software that runs the open-source Monte Carlo code OpenMC (https://docs.openmc.org/en/stable/ ) to generate cross-sections for any reactor geometry. The wrapper then optimizes those cross sections. The optimization aims to choose an energy group structure and a scattering representation that maximize accuracy with respect to continuous-energy results while avoiding significant computational expense. It then outputs these cross-sections in an ISOXML format readable by the Idaho National Lab code suite MOOSE (Olin William Calvin, Mark D DeHart, “Architecture for the Performance of Nuclear Fuel Depletion Calculations”, Idaho National Laboratory report, November 2019). The expected use-cases of this software include: -finding the best group structure and scattering representation for a specific reactor -testing the appropriateness of energy group structures for different reactor types -comparing energy group structures and scattering representations to each other -generating cross sections for use in deterministic codes, including ones found in the MOOSE suite The example reactor geometry included in this release is a generic reactor design, not based on any reactor in existence or in development. It was fabricated for the sole purpose of being a “testbed-geometry” upon which to develop this tool. Since the tool is designed to be generic, the nature of the test geometry is not very important, however, it is valuable to include as an example for users who are unfamiliar with developing reactor geometries for OpenMC.

Kreher, Miriam↗

Measurement of inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurement of inclusive jet cross-sections with the ATLAS Detector at a centre-of-mass energy 13 TeV Inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measurement uses a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb$^{−1} recorded in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Jets are identified using the anti-kt algorithm with a radius parameter value of R=0.4. The inclusive jet cross-sections are measured double-differentially as a function of the jet transverse momentum, covering the range from 100 GeV to 3.5 TeV, and the absolute jet rapidity up to |y|=3. The double-differential dijet production cross-sections are presented as a function of the dijet mass, covering the range from 300 GeV to 9 TeV, and the half absolute rapidity separation between the two leading jets within |y|<3, y∗, up to y∗=3. Next-to-leading-order, and next-to-next-to-leading-order for the inclusive jet measurement, perturbative QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative and electroweak effects are compared to the measured cross-sections.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurements of cross-section of charge current inclusive of antineutrino scattering off nucleons using carbon, iron, lead and scintillator at MINER$\nu$A for 2GeV $<$ E$\nu$ $<$ 20GeV

Neutrino physics is one of the most active fields in the domaine of high energy physics during the last century. The need of precise measurement of neutrino-nucleus interactions required by the neutrino oscillation experiments is a an exiting step. These measurements of cross-section are more than essential for neutrino oscillation experiment. Over the year, many measurements from varieties of experiments have been presented. MINERνA is one of the world leaders in measuring cross-section of neutrino and antineutrino -nucleus interactions. MINERνA is a neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment installed in the few-GeV NuMI beam line at Fermilab. In order to study nuclear dependence, MINERνA is endowed with different types of solid nuclear targets as well are liquid targets such as helium and water. This thesis presents measurements of cross-section of antineutrino scattering off nucleons using a variety of solid nuclear targets, carbon, iron, lead and also polystyrene scintillator (CH). The data set of antineutrino used for this analysis was taken between March and July 2010 with a total of 1.60X10 20 protons on target. Charged current inclusive interactions were selected by requiring a positive muon and kinematics limitation of acceptance of the muon spectrometer are applied. The analysis requires neutrino energy between 2GeV et 20GeV and the angle of muon θ m u < 17degree . The absolute cross-section # as function of neutrino energy and the differential cross-section dσ/ dx bj measured and shown the corresponding systematics for each nuclear targets. Data results are compared with prediction of the models implemented in the neutrino events generators GENIE 2.6.2 used by the experiment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the Charged-Current Quasi-Elastic Cross-Section for Electron Neutrinos on a Hydrocarbon Target

Appearance-type neutrino oscillation experiments, which observe the transition from muon neutrinos to electron neutrinos, promise to help answer some of the fundamental questions surrounding physics in the post-Standard-Model era. Because they wish to observe the interactions of electron neutrinos in their detectors, and because the power of current results is typically limited by their systematic uncertainties, these experiments require precise estimates of the cross-section for electron neutrino interactions. Of particular interest is the charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) process, which gures signi cantly in the composition of the reactions observed at the far detector. However, no experimental measurements of this crosssection currently exist for electron neutrinos; instead, current experiments typically work from the abundance of muon neutrino CCQE cross-section data and apply corrections from theoretical arguments to obtain a prediction for electron neutrinos. Veri cation of these predictions is challenging due to the di culty of constructing an electron neutrino beam, but the advent of modern high-intensity muon neutrino beams|together with the percent-level electron neutrino impurity inherent in these beams| nally presents the opportunity to make such a measurement. We report herein the rst-ever measurement of a cross-section for an exclusive state in electron neutrino scattering, which was made using the MINER A detector in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. We present the electron neutrino CCQE di erential cross-sections, which are averaged over neutrinos of energies 1-10 GeV (with mean energy of about 3 GeV), in terms of various kinematic variables: nal-state electron angle, nal-state electron energy, and the square of the fourmomentum transferred to the nucleus by the neutrino , Q 2 . We also provide a total cross-section vs. neutrino energy. While our measurement of this process is found to be in agreement with the predictions of the GENIE event generator, we also report on an unpredicted photon-like process we observe in a similar kinematic regime. The absence of this process from models for neutrino interactions is a potential stumbling block for future on-axis neutrino oscillation experiments. We include kinematic and particle species identi cation characterizations which can be used in building models to help address this shortcoming.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of a Neutrino-Induced Charged Current Single Neutral Pion Cross Section at MicroBooNE

Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment (MicroBooNE) is a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) operating in the Booster Neutrino Beamline at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. MicroBooNE's physics goals include studying short basline $\nu$ oscillation and performing a suite of low energy $\nu$ cross section measurements. Of particular interest to MicroBooNE, and the broader LArTPC community, are electromagnetic showers; these showers are at the heart of searches for charged current $\nu_e$ interactions, including MicroBooNE's flagship search for a MiniBooNE-like low energy excess (LEE). Neutral current $\pi^0$'s, which decay into 2 electromagnetic showers ($\gamma$'s), are the dominant source of non-$\nu_e$ backgrounds in searches for $\nu_{\mu}\rightarrow\nu_e$ oscillations in LArTPCs, such as the LEE. While precise measurements of this neutral current channel will provide a tight constraint on our modeling uncertainties, such events are particularly difficult to iden tify in data with our current tools, as there is often little or no activity at the neutrino interaction point. Charged current interactions, on the other hand, have simpler topologies with a long $\mu$ track that anchors to the interaction vertex. With a vertex in hand, we can develop automated reconstruction tools for neutrino-induced shower topologies (like the $\gamma$'s from $\pi^0$ decay). Thus, in studying charged current $\pi^0$ interactions, we are developing tools that can potentially be used to reconstruct an important LEE background, while also studying the physics of neutrino interactions, of which data is sparse for argon. This thesis reports the world's first measurement of the absolute, flux-averaged cross section of $\nu_{\mu}$-charged current single $\pi^0$ production on argon. The analysis chain begins with the selection of inclusive $\nu_\mu$ charged current events, where a candidate $\mu$ and neutrino interaction vertex are identified. These events are t hen passed to a reconstruction framework where electromagnet! ic shower candidates are reconstructed using computer visualization tools. Finally, the cross section is calculated on two reconstructed topologies: those with at least two reconstructed showers and those with at least one. Additionally, this work describes the first fully-automated electromagnetic shower reconstruction process employed by a LArTPC to perform a cross section analysis. We measure the flux averaged cross section on argon at 824 MeV via the two and one shower selections respectively to be \par \noindent $\sigma_{\geq2 Shower}$ = (2.56 $\pm$ $0.50_{stat}$ $\pm$ $0.31_{genie}$ $\pm$ $0.37_{flux}$ $\pm$ $0.31_{det}$) $\times$ $10^{-38}$ $\frac{cm^2}{Ar}$, \par \noindent $\sigma_{\geq 1 Shower}$ = (2.64 $\pm$ $0.33_{stat}$ $\pm$ $0.36_{genie}$ $\pm$ $0.38_{flux}$ $\pm$ $0.35_{det}$) $\times$ $10^{-38}$ $\frac{cm^2}{Ar}$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First Measurements of Inclusive Muon Neutrino Charged Current Differential Cross Sections on Argon at 0.8 GeV Average Neutrino Energy with the MicroBooNE Detector

Current and next-generation precision neutrino oscillation experiments aim to determine the neutrino mass ordering, to measure the extent of CP violation in the lepton sector and to probe beyond Standard Model physics, such as sterile neutrinos. These experiments rely on models for neutrino interactions with matter that are complicated by nuclear effects and final state interactions. To date, these effects cannot be modelled precisely, especially for heavy target nuclei, typically used in modern neutrino experiments. Many future experiments will employ detectors based on the liquid argon time projection chamber technology. As a consequence, neutrino-argon cross-section measurements are of the outmost importance, especially given the relative scarcity of neutrino-argon data, due to the novelty of the technology. This thesis presents the first measurement of muon-neutrino charged-current inclusive cross section on argon at a mean neutrino energy of 0.8 GeV. Data were collected using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber in the Fermilab Booster neutrino beam during a period of six months, corresponding to an exposure of $1.6 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target. The measured cross section is presented as a function of the outgoing muon momentum, using multiple Coulomb scattering as a measurement technique, as well as the muon angle with respect to the beam direction. A comparison of the measured cross section obtained with two different configurations of the \textsc{Genie} neutrino event generator is performed, and better agreement is found when using nuclear-effect modelling in the theoretical calculations. Additionally, the total flux integrated cross section is measured to be $0.693 \pm 0.010 \, (\text{stat.}) \pm 0.165 \, (\text{syst.}) \times 10^{-38} \, \text{cm}^{2}$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Precision determination of the 235 U neutron-capture cross section

A precise knowledge of the probability for the 235 U(n,γ) neutron-capture reaction is required for accurate calculations of reactivity and gamma-ray production in fissioning systems. Surprisingly, there are few measurements of neutron capture at neutron energies above 1 keV, and their uncertainties are mostly in the 10% or greater range. The uncertainties of the most precise data in this region, measured by Jandel et al., range from 6% near 10 keV to 10% at 100 keV. We propose to make a new determination of the capture cross section from 1 keV to roughly 100 keV (higher if possible) by extending the analysis of data taken previously using the DANCE gamma ray detector array at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center. Three weeks of data were obtained on a 235 U sample and the associated backgrounds using DANCE and the NEUANCE neutron detector array (for fission tagging). This data was analyzed to measure the probability of exciting isomers in 236 U at 687.5 and 1052 keV excitation by neutron capture, but cross sections were not determined. We propose to extend the analysis of this data to extract the capture cross sections. We will follow the method in ref 1 of normalizing the results to the fission reaction measured simultaneously in the same target, eliminating several sources of systematic uncertainty. The statistical uncertainty of this data set is expected to give cross-section results in the 3 to 5% uncertainty range up to several hundred keV neutron energy. We will investigate the effect of the isomers studied in on the cross sections. In addition, we will analyze the gamma-ray emission spectra and compare them to model calculations to advance our knowledge of the models needed to predict neutron capture and gamma-ray emission.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Verification and Validation of the ENDF/B-VII.1 v4.3m1 MPACT 51-Group Cross Section Library

The MPACT neutronics module of the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) core simulator is a 3-D whole core transport code being developed for the Virtual Environment for Reactor Analysis (VERA) CASL toolset. Key characteristics of the MPACT code include (1) a subgroup method for resonance selfshielding and (2) a whole-core transport solver with a 2-D/1-D synthesis method. The MPACT code requires a cross section library to support all of its core simulation capabilities; a cross section library would be MPACT’s most influencing component for simulation accuracy. Due to the limitation of computing capacity even in high performance computing, the cross section library must be developed to enhance computational efficiency in memory and computing time without losing accuracy and generality. This requires a very coarse energy group structure with about 50 groups. Multigroup (MG) neutron cross section libraries for the CASL VERA-CS neutronics simulator MPACT have been created by using the AMPX/SCALE code package developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). A new 51-group structure was developed for efficient simulation to be applicable for both pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) simulations. New v4.3m1 MPACT 51-group library with the ENDF/B- VII.1 nuclear data were developed for MPACT. Since SCALE KENO has some issues in the probability table and has a low cutoff energy for the free gas model, this issue has been corrected. This study focused on the development of the ENDF/B-VII.1 v4.3m1 MPACT MG library, including verification and validation. This document includes the library generation methodology and procedure, the verification procedure, and benchmark results compared to continuous energy Monte Carlo results using newly developed cross section libraries.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

Meas. K+ -Ar Total Inelastic Cross Section at ProtoDUNE-SP

ProtoDUNE-SP is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber that took hadron test beam data in 2018. The test beam included positively charged kaons with test beam momenta of 6 GeV/c and 7 GeV/c, providing a sample to study kaons to benefit future DUNE proton decay and neutrino interaction studies with kaons in the final state. The total inelastic cross section of a positively charged kaon was measured at these test beam settings using the LArIAT thin-slice method of dividing the wires of the time projection chamber into target slices for calculating the cross section, which leverages the monolithic quality of liquid argon detectors. A Bayesian-like unfolding method using RooUnfold was applied to both the incident and interacting slice distributions to measure the cross sections at both test beam momenta. The talk will discuss the method of unfolding, optimization studies for unfolding, and applying systematic uncertainties using a LArIAT-style hadronic cross section using unfolding to extract a kaon total inelastic cross section.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

High-resolution Laboratory Measurements of K-shell X-Ray Line Polarization and Excitation Cross Sections in Helium-like S XV Ions

We report measurements of electron-impact excitation cross sections for the strong K-shell n = 2 → 1 transitions in S xv, using the LLNL EBIT-I electron beam ion trap, two crystal spectrometers, and the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer. The cross sections are determined by direct normalization to the well-known cross sections of radiative electron capture, measured simultaneously. Using contemporaneous polarization measurements with the two crystal spectrometers, whose dispersion planes are oriented parallel and perpendicular to the electron beam direction, the polarization of the direct excitation line emission is determined, and in turn the isotropic total cross sections are extracted. We further experimentally investigate various line-formation mechanisms, finding that radiative cascades and collisional inner-shell ionization dominate the degree of linear polarization and total line-emission cross sections of the forbidden line, z.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Measurement of the mass-changing, charge-changing, and production cross sections of C 11 , B 11 , and B 10 nuclei in C 12 + p interactions at 13.5 GeV / c per nucleon

A good knowledge of nuclear fragmentation cross sections is important to interpret the fluxes of secondary cosmic rays from the Galaxy. Here we report new measurements of nuclear fragmentation with the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS. The specific focus is on cross sections important for the production of boron in the Galaxy from the interactions of C 12 nuclei with hydrogen in the interstellar medium, including the contribution from the decay of the short-lived C 11 fragments. The data were taken with the secondary C 12 beam at beam momentum of 13.5 GeV / c per nucleon and two fixed targets, polyethylene ( CH 2 ) and graphite (C), from which we derive the cross sections of carbon on hydrogen. We present the measurement of the fragmentation cross sections of C 11 , B 11 , and B 10 as well as the mass- and charge-changing cross sections.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗