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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 451 records · Page 25
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Hanford Waste End Effector Prototype Test Plan – Phase II

This test plan describes the Phase II testing program of the Hanford Waste End Effector (HWEE) at the Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) Cold Test Facility (CTF) using a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-designed testing setup. This task builds on Phase I development testing completed in August 2017 and reported in PNNL-26856 to address some key actual tank waste challenges. The task includes demonstrating retrieval of a mixed layered simulant and retrieval of uneven simulant profiles like that found near tank walls. A separate demonstration using only the HWEE conveyance jet pump will start to assess the lifting capabilities of this device for transporting waste out of an underground tank. The PNNL-designed robotic gantry system and associated systems (e.g., tanks, high-pressure water delivery and valves, instruments, etc.) used at CTF during Phase I have been modified and upgraded to implement the Phase II test program and measure various process parameters. The tests will involve retrieval of water and kaolin (sludge) simulant to determine pumping rate, dilution factors, and screen fouling rate.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

Tandem Photovoltaics Core Program Final Technical Report

The Tandem Photovoltaics Core Program was a multi-year initiative aimed at advancing hybrid tandem solar cell technologies to enhance solar module efficiency beyond the limits of single junction devices. This project focused on the development, testing, and scaling of prototype photovoltaic devices, with the goal of achieving commercial relevance and driving industry adoption. The work was divided into three tasks: 1) Comparative Analysis of Tandem Technologies: This task focused on quantifying energy yield under real-world conditions and assessing economic viability of tandems relative to silicon-based modules. The project's modeling framework incorporated performance data, cost of materials, and manufacturing process impacts to optimize tandem designs 2) Tandem Integration and Prototyping: In this task, we developed innovative tandem designs by combining metal halide perovskite (MHP) top cells and silicon (Si) bottom cells. The project focuses on both mechanical integration and direct deposition techniques to enable compatibility with commercially relevant Si technologies, such as passivated contact or PERC cells. 3) Scale-up and Reliability: This task addressed the challenges of large-area fabrication by developing scalable deposition methods and robust interconnection schemes for tandems. The project looked at different accelerated testing such as thermal cycling, damp heat exposure, and potential induced degradation, to ensure long-term stability of devices in field conditions. Tandem solar cells can greatly increase module efficiency beyond conventional single junction (SJ) devices, which are approaching their theoretical limit. There are many ways to fabricate a tandem cell or module in terms of materials used, configuration, and terminal connection. This SETO core project focused critical factors in enabling tandems to enter the market, including hardware integration, technoeconomic analysis (TEA), and energy yield analysis. We focused on MHP/Si hybrid tandem solar cells and modules as a model system for their versatility in module design comparisons, providing valuable insights for other tandem options. While champion cells with areas <1cm2 are regularly demonstrated by groups around the world, it is significantly more challenging to translate these advances into modules, and fewer institutions and companies are working at the module level. This project addressed questions about module fabrication, testing, and reliability that are hard to answer without actually fabricating prototypes. We also performed analysis and road-mapping activities to understand the potential for a wider variety of tandems, including all-perovskite tandems fabricated in collaboration with the Perovskite PV core program. Detailed technical results from this project are described for each task in Section 7.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Experimental Plan for the Vermiculite Study

Homes in which vermiculite, which can contain asbestos, is present are often deferred under the DOE Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) because of uncertainty in how to safely weatherize such homes from a client and worker perspective and the potential costs associated with alternative approaches. Recognizing this situation, the Department of Energy (DOE) tasked the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to perform a research project that scientifically identifies the asbestos exposure risks in weatherizing homes with existing vermiculite insulation. Current approaches being used by Grantees and Subgrantees to weatherize homes with existing vermiculite insulation were identified as part of the development of this experimental plan based on a review of Grantee Health and Safety Plans and communications with weatherization program staff from seven states. Other than deferral, these approaches include the following:1.) Abating (i.e., removing) the existing vermiculite using funding sources other than WAP (e.g., state funds, utility funds, the Zonolite Attic Insulation Trust Fund, and possibly homeowner contributions) because abatement is not allowed using WAP funds per Weatherization Program Notice (WPN) 17-7. 2.) Weatherizing the house as normal after testing reveals that the vermiculite contains less than 1% asbestos. 3.) Avoiding areas of the house where vermiculite is installed and weatherizing the remaining areas of the house as normal. 4.) Encapsulating the existing vermiculite insulation in an attic by blowing cellulose or other insulation over it. 5.) Weatherizing the areas of the house where vermiculite is installed using unique/alternative approaches developed specifically for that house. Blower door testing is also impacted by the presence of vermiculite due to the concern of bringing asbestos fibers into the space. Some states address this by performing pressurized blower door tests, whereas other states prohibit blower door testing entirely when vermiculite is present. This research project will focus on gathering data on home occupant and weatherization worker exposures to asbestos before, during, and/or after the weatherization of the homes containing vermiculite insulation using five of the six approaches identified above. Abatement of the existing vermiculite insulation will not be studied because it is not allowed using WAP funding per WPN 17-7 and, thus, is not a sustainable approach for WAP.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

United States Nuclear Data Program: Work Plan for Fiscal Year 2023

The work plan described in this document has been developed to cover work to be performed by the U. S. Nuclear Data Program (USNDP) during Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 that begins on October 1, 2022. Previously, 23 work plans have been prepared for the nuclear data program covering FYs 2021-2022. This plan has been prepared in consultation with the members of the Coordinating Committee who represent the organizations participating in the program. Each Coordinating Committee member prepared a draft plan for his/her organization. Each contribution was integrated into a unified work plan. The draft plan was then circulated to the Coordinating Committee for comments and corrections before the final document was submitted to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). As was done in previous years, the tasks proposed by the various organizations were reviewed internally according to the following criteria, which were developed considering the mission and goals outlined in past review panel reports and oversight committee discussions, and in consultation with the DOE program manager.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

United States Nuclear Data Program Work Plan for Fiscal Year 2026

The work plan described in this document has been developed to cover work to be performed by the U. S. Nuclear Data Program (USNDP) during Fiscal Year 2026 that begins on October 1, 2025. Previously, 26 work plans have been prepared for the nuclear data program covering FYs 2000-2025. This plan has been prepared in consultation with the members of the Coordinating Committee who represent the organizations participating in the program. Each Coordinating Committee member prepared a draft plan for his/her organization. Each contribution was integrated into a unified work plan. The draft plan was then circulated to the Coordinating Committee for comments and corrections before the final document was submitted to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). As was done in previous years, the tasks proposed by the various organizations were reviewed internally according to the following criteria, which were developed considering the mission and goals outlined in past review panel reports and oversight committee discussions, and in consultation with the DOE program manager.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

BNL NCSP Succession Planning Efforts in FY 2020

This document fulfills a technical support element milestone (TS6:Q4) given in the Five-Year Plan. This document describes BNL succession planning efforts in FY-2020 for the Nuclear Data task area.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Frhodo: A program for simulating chemical kinetic measurements and optimizing kinetic mechanisms

Chemical kinetic simulations are frequently used to extract kinetic and mechanistic information from experimental data by fitting simulations to the data. For simple systems of consecutive single channel reactions this is a relatively straightforward task. However, as the complexity of the system increases and particularly for systems involving competitive multi-channel reactions manually optimizing a mechanism to obtain the best fits to a range of experimental data quickly becomes a time-intensive and challenging process, especially when rate coefficients have pressure and temperature dependencies. There is considerable potential for exploiting automated optimization methods to rapidly screen reaction mechanisms and optimize the fit by adjusting rate coefficients within well-defined constraints. A new chemical kinetics simulation program, Frhodo, has been developed for this purpose. The program allows either manual simulation of individual experiments or fully automated optimization against a range of experimental data by adjusting user selected reactions within user defined constraints. Frhodo incorporates machine learning-based optimization routines that work by either minimizing standardized residuals or through Bayesian parameter estimation. Frhodo's optimization capabilities are demonstrated by reexamining two previously studied systems of relevance to combustion. Dissociation of diacetyl followed by recombination of methyl radicals is an example of a sequence of single channel, consecutive reactions. Pyrolysis of 2-methyl furan exemplifies multi-channel, unimolecular reactions that are often encountered and have temperature and pressure dependencies in the rate coefficients of the channels and branching ratios between them. For both systems the optimization routines resulted in solutions similar to the original studies. Finally, comments are made on the strengths and limitations of the approach.

0D simulation↗
DOE OSTI2017

Prospects and Challenges in the Management of Non-Retrievable Radioactive Waste in the Russian Federation - 17212

In 2011, the Federal Law 'On the Management of Radioactive Waste' was enacted in the Russian Federation setting a framework for the Unified State System for Radioactive Waste Management and establishing a mandatory requirement for safe radioactive waste (RW) disposal. Particular category of 'non-retrievable RW' was defined given the amount of RW generated by that time, the issues associated with relevant sites, as well as the experience gained during the implementation of nuclear legacy programs. It was specified that in situ disposal is the preferred management option for this category of waste rather than RW retrieval and re-disposal due to relevant radiation and financial aspects. In 2011 - 2015, a set of high-priority tasks on taking the inventory of accumulated RW was accomplished. This work also provided for demonstrating the feasibility and making key decisions on the final stages on their lifecycle and relevant end-state strategies. Facilities holding non-retrievable RW were divided into two categories: - subject to transition into near-surface storage facilities by constructing additional safety barriers; - subject to controlled long-term storage followed by remediation. Efforts on a number of surface liquid RW storage water reservoirs falling under the first category launched back in the 20. century were completed. The new federal program provides for a set of follow-up efforts to be completed at 12 facilities. As it comes to the second category, the main task was to develop a set of safety management options, as well as some computational methods to demonstrate the feasibility of the selected end-state strategies. The most considerable efforts were made at the Techa Cascade of water reservoirs being the largest liquid radioactive waste (LRW) storage facility in the world that holds over 360 million m{sup 3} of waste with uncertain legal status, the lack of relevant computational models to predict its state. The paper summarizes the data on defining the end states of non-retrievable RW, completed and scheduled efforts on implementing relevant long-term safety strategies. The paper focuses on subsurface repositories and near-surface LRW storage reservoirs considered as common types of facilities holding non-retrievable RW. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2017

Improving Decommissioning Success using the Tool of Virtual Reality; Increasing Worker Safety and Project Schedule Stability - 17193

operations, especially underwater, is essential. Equally essential is a precise game plan for disassembly which focuses attention on the skilled remote handling operators who must produce the results. Project success is based on clean, efficient cuts and take-aways, prepared paths for waste placement and containment, programmed return paths; and practice, practice, practice on the part of the operators. Recently, our Partner, WAK Ruackbau- und Entsorgungs- GmbH (Decommissioning and Waste Management Company) was tasked with dismantling and decommissioning the Karlsruhe Reprocessing Plant. The most difficult task in this project is the dismantling of the vitrification plant. Waelischmiller was selected to address this high-consequence project. Together, WAK and Waelischmiller determined that development of a virtual reality suite, where management and operators could create a virtual vitrification layout and subsequently map and rehearse their dismantling plan was essential. This approach, using Virtual Reality (VR) as a tool in streamlining operations and rehearsing difficult moves and cuts, will be a game changer for this and future projects. It will be a first-of-a-kind in Germany. The VR suite is contained in a room at the Karlsruhe facility with a large screen, control cabinet, simulation computer, a Waelischmiller Joyarm and Masterarm. To support the dismantling of the vitrification plant, WAK/HWM will conduct interactive feasibility studies for each dismantling step. All movements; cuts, take-aways and vessel segment insertion into transportation and disposal casks will be established, programed and practiced within virtual test suite. This allows savings in cost-intensive and complex construction of test rigs. Operating personnel can be trained in the VR suite, without taking the risk of damaging expensive remote handling equipment.While the operators are working on the operating element, they stand in front of a wide screen. Instead of a real TELBOT{sup R}, a virtual TELBOT{sup R} is moving on the screen in virtual reality. While practicing, the operators cannot damage the arm and the equipment, which is a big advantage. Moreover an interactive feasibility study can be realized without building a real test rig (mock-up). Consequently significant cost-expenses can be reduced. This paper will describe the virtual suite used by the WAK in Karlsruhe and the advantages of this new and innovative approach, which is unique in decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The viewpoint of each (WAK and HWM), and the decisions and benefits realized along the project path will be detailed in the paper. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Pre-Commercial Scale-Up of a Gas-Fired Absorption Heat Pump

The project sought to advance the maturity of SMTI’s 80 kBTU/hr residential space and water heating GAHP from the engineering prototype stage (TRL-7) to pre-production readiness by addressing manufacturing, balance of system design and installation, cost, reliability, and field application questions. As part of this project, the project team has: (1) Matured the design package for a commercially ready product (2) Demonstrated compliance with relevant ANSI standards (3) Completed manufacturing and assembly process specifications (4) Completed total production cost estimates and capital equipment requirements (5) Initiated component and system level reliability assessments (6) Completed a small field demonstration including measured performance, installation requirements and expected costs, and customer/key stakeholder feedback. (7) Completed a Techno-economic analysis for representative applications and climate zones, including justification for utility incentive programs. (8) Completed a market intelligence report. Scope of Work: A multi-faceted project was completed that included: (a) design for manufacturing tasks for both the sealed system and balance of system, (b) development and trial of key manufacturing processes and techniques, (c) evaluation of component and system level reliability, (d) exploration of make/buy decisions including impact on cost and required capital. Additionally, (e) installation and monitoring of a small number of field test units was completed to demonstrate energy savings and collect customer/installer feedback, and (f) a focused market research task was completed to explore potential barriers and improve market introduction plans. These tasks addressed many of the remaining technical risks regarding long-term reliability, verification of manufacturing cost estimates and identification of cost concerns, identify installation and balance of system design criteria necessary to achieve energy savings and installed cost goals, and identify market barriers and strategies prior to product market introduction.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Improving Uintah's Scalability Through the Use of Portable Kokkos-Based Data Parallel Tasks

The University of Utah’s Carbon Capture Multidisciplinary Simulation Center (CCMSC) is using the Uintah Computational Framework to predict performance of a 1000 MWe ultra-supercritical clean coal boiler. The center aims to utilize the Intel Xeon Phi-based DOE systems, Theta and Aurora, through the Aurora Early Science Program by using the Kokkos C++ library to enable node-level performance portability. This paper describes infrastructure advancements and portability improvements made possible by the integration of Kokkos within Uintah. This integration marks a step towards consolidating Uintah’s MPI+PThreads and MPI+CUDA hybrid parallelism approaches into a single MPI+Kokkos approach. Scalability results are presented that compare serial and data parallel task execution models for a challenging radiative heat transfer calculation, central to the center’s predictive boiler simulations. Here, these results demonstrate both good strong-scaling characteristics to 256 Knights Landing (KNL) processors on the NSF Stampede system, and show the KNL-based calculation to compete with prior GPU-based results for the same calculation.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Optimizing the LSST Observing Strategy for Dark Energy Science: DESC Recommendations for the Deep Drilling Fields and other Special Programs

We review the measurements of dark energy enabled by observations of the Deep Drilling Fields and the optimization of survey design for cosmological measurements. This white paper is the result of efforts by the LSST DESC Observing Strategy Task Force (OSTF), which represents the entire collaboration, and aims to make recommendations on observing strategy for the DDFs that will benefit all cosmological analyses with LSST. It is accompanied by the DESC-WFD white paper (Lochner et al.). We argue for altering the nominal deep drilling plan to have $>6$ month seasons, interweaving $gri$ and $zy$ observations every 3 days with 2, 4, 8, 25, 4 visits in $grizy$, respectively. These recommendations are guided by metrics optimizing constraints on dark energy and mitigation of systematic uncertainties, including specific requirements on total number of visits after Y1 and Y10 for photometric redshifts (photo-$z$) and weak lensing systematics. We specify the precise locations for the previously-chosen LSST deep fields (ELAIS-S1, XMM-LSS, CDF-S, and COSMOS) and recommend Akari Deep Field South as the planned fifth deep field in order to synergize with Euclid and WFIRST. Our recommended DDF strategy uses $6.2\%$ of the LSST survey time. We briefly discuss synergy with white papers from other collaborations, as well as additional mini-surveys and Target-of-Opportunity programs that lead to better measurements of dark energy.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

A framework to collect human reliability analysis data for nuclear power plants using a simplified simulator and student operators

Data scarcity in human reliability analysis (HRA) has been a major challenge in the quantification process. Many institutes have collected HRA data through experiments using full-scope simulators with actual operators. Nevertheless, there are still some limitations to relying solely on full-scope studies. This paper aims to propose how full-scope data collection studies can be supported through the Simplified Human Error Experimental Program (SHEEP). The SHEEP framework was developed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to collect HRA data through a simplified simulator and student operators. This paper introduces the major tasks in the SHEEP framework, with a particular focus on differences that arise due to participant type (i.e., student vs. actual operator), based on experiments using a simplified simulator (i.e., the Rancor Microworld). This paper also describes whether the data collected via this approach could support a representative full-scope data collection study (i.e., the HuREX study) based on the experimental data.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Notified access in coarray-based hydrodynamics applications on many-core architectures: Design and performance

With the increasing availability of the Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) support in computer networks, the so called Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) model has evolved in the last few years. Although there are several cases where a PGAS approach can easily solve difficult message passing situations, like in particle tracking and adaptive mesh refinement applications, the producer-consumer pattern, usually adopted in task-based parallelism, can only be implemented inefficiently because of the separation between data transfer and synchronization (which is usually unified in message passing programming models). Here, in this paper, we provide two contributions: (1) we propose an extension for the Fortran language that provides the concept of Notified Access by associating regular coarray variables with event variables. (2) We demonstrate that the MPI extension proposed by foMPI for Notified Access can be used effectively to implement the same concept in a PGAS run-time library like OpenCoarrays. Moreover, for a hydrodynamics mini-application, we found that Fortran 2018 events perform always better than Fortran 2008 sync statements on many-core processors. We finally show how the proposed Notified Access can improve the performance even more.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Space Focus Lead Report

The Space Focus team is tasked with the definition of the Space Focused Science Topics, and with the review and ranking of the CSES proposals received in all the program areas. This is achieved by dedicated meetings or a series of informal discussions and/or e-mail reviews.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

How to Support Reliability and Maintenance of Your Equipment [Poster]

Preventive maintenance is routine maintenance performed on equipment and systems to prevent them from failing and maintain expected performance. Pantex and Y-12 have different procedures in how they create and implement PM. With a standardized procedure across both plants, the following will be supported: (1) Worker safety, (2) Reduced material and downtime costs, (3) Completion of PM tasks. The purpose of the project is to gather information on the “pilot” facility to see how the proposed actions will affect the PM program and how it can be applied plant-wide.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Microreactor Demonstration and Testing Progress in FY19

Microreactors are an emerging technology for providing energy at remote locations and/or for relatively low power applications. As vendors are looking into specific microreactor designs, one goal of the DOE-NE Microreactor program is to develop advanced core, heat removal, and power conversion technologies and testing facilities at which design features can be experimentally proven. FY19 tasks included designing a nonnuclear test bed and test articles to advance microreactor development through proof-of-principle experiments without the complex infrastructure required for a full nuclear test bed. The nonnuclear test bed capability is being established at Idaho National Laboratory, and both Idaho and Los Alamos National Laboratories are designing test articles to demonstrate technology in the test bed.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Consequence Management Cobalt Magnet 2022 Laboratory Analysis: After Action Report

On May 16-20, 2022, federal mission partners (e.g., DOE Consequence Management, CDC, FDA, FBI, DHS) as well as integrated state, local, tribal, and territorial governments took part in Cobalt Magnet 22 (CM22), a large-scale, week-long radiological incident exercise in Austin, Texas, that linked several important national assets (National Search Program, Radiological Assistance Program, and Consequence Management [CM] personnel) into a single response effort. The exercise had nine (9) overarching Objectives and an additional 162 associated Critical Tasks for all the participating organizations. In total, 13 National Core Capabilities spanning 5 Mission Areas were represented in the final exercise. This exercise enabled a full range of capabilities to be fielded together and examine the operational connection between major assets, discover any resource shortages associated with conducting multiple mission areas simultaneously or in close succession, and identify any challenges related to leadership. This report summarizes nearly 100 successes and observations provided from players and controllers supporting the LA Division, Fly Away Laboratory (FAL) and Gamma Spectroscopist operations. The observations were categorized to align with the FRMAC programmatic functional areas to consider for future improvements: Logistics, CBRN Responder, Laboratory Analysis, Sampling and Monitoring, Health and Safety, Gamma Spectroscopist Operations, Fly Away Laboratory, and the FRMAC Interdivision Interoperability Group (FIIG).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗