Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “INTERCONNECTION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Tubular solid oxide fuel cells with porous metal supports and ceramic interconnections

An intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell structure capable of operating at from 600.degree. C. to 800.degree. C. having a very thin porous hollow elongated metallic support tube having a thickness from 0.10 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.10 mm to 0.35 mm, a porosity of from 25 vol. % to 50 vol. % and a tensile strength from 700 GPa to 900 GPa, which metallic tube supports a reduced thickness air electrode having a thickness from 0.010 mm to 0.2 mm, a solid oxide electrolyte, a cermet fuel electrode, a ceramic interconnection and an electrically conductive cell to cell contact layer.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Capillary interconnect device

An interconnecting device for connecting a plurality of first fluid-bearing conduits to a corresponding plurality of second fluid-bearing conduits thereby providing fluid communication between the first fluid-bearing conduits and the second fluid-bearing conduits. The device includes a manifold and one or two ferrule plates that are held by compressive axial forces.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Value of Improved Wind Power Forecasting in the Western Interconnection (Poster)

Wind power forecasting is a necessary and important technology for incorporating wind power into the unit commitment and dispatch process. It is expected to become increasingly important with higher renewable energy penetration rates and progress toward the smart grid. There is consensus that wind power forecasting can help utility operations with increasing wind power penetration; however, there is far from a consensus about the economic value of improved forecasts. This work explores the value of improved wind power forecasting in the Western Interconnection of the United States.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electrical interconnect

An interconnect includes a first set of connector pads, a second set of connector pads, and a continuous central portion. A first plurality of legs extends at a first angle from the continuous central portion. Each leg of the first plurality of legs is connected to a connector pad of a first set of connector pads. A second plurality of legs extends at a second angle from the continuous central portion. Each leg of the second plurality of legs is connected to a connector pad of the second set of connector pads. Gaps are defined between legs. The gaps enable movement of the first set of connector pads relative to the second set of connector pads.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2015

Accuracy and Validation of Measured and Modeled Data for Distributed PV Interconnection and Control

The distribution grid is changing to become an active resource with complex modeling needs. The new active distribution grid will, within the next ten years, contain a complex mix of load, generation, storage and automated resources all operating with different objectives on different time scales from each other and requiring detailed analysis. Electrical analysis tools that are used to perform capacity and stability studies have been used for transmission system planning for many years. In these tools, the distribution grid was considered a load and its details and physical components were not modeled. The increase in measured data sources can be utilized for better modeling, but also control of distributed energy resources (DER). The utilization of these sources and advanced modeling tools will require data management, and knowledgeable users. Each of these measurement and modeling devices have accuracy constraints, which will ultimately define their future ability to be planned and controlled. This paper discusses the importance of measured data accuracy for inverter control, interconnection and planning tools and proposes ranges of control accuracy needed to satisfy all concerns based on the present grid infrastructure.

Stewart, Emma↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synthesis of micro-sized interconnected Si-C composites

Embodiments provide a method of producing micro-sized Si--C composites or doped Si--C and Si alloy-C with interconnected nanoscle Si and C building blocks through converting commercially available SiO.sub.x (0<x<2) to a silicon framework by calcination, followed by etching and then by carbon filling by thermal deposition of gas containing organic molecules that have carbon atoms.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Transient Stability and Frequency Response of the US Western Interconnection Under Conditions of High Wind and Solar Generation

The addition of large amounts of wind and solar generation to bulk power systems that are traditionally subject to operating constraints set by transient stability and frequency response limitations is the subject of considerable concern in the industry. The US Western Interconnection (WI) is expected to experience substantial additional growth in both wind and solar generation. These plants will, to some extent, displace large central station thermal generation, both coal and gas-fired, which have traditionally helped maintain stability. This paper reports the results of a study that investigated the transient stability and frequency response of the WI with high penetrations of wind and solar generation. The main goals of this work were to (1) create a realistic, baseline model of the WI, (2) test selected transient stability and frequency events, (3) investigate the impact of large amounts of wind and solar generation, and (4) examine means to improve performance.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Fuel cell system with interconnect

The present invention includes an integrated planar, series connected fuel cell system having electrochemical cells electrically connected via interconnects, wherein the anodes of the electrochemical cells are protected against Ni loss and migration via an engineered porous anode barrier layer.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Fuel cell system with interconnect

The present invention includes an integrated planar, series connected fuel cell system having electrochemical cells electrically connected via interconnects, wherein the anodes of the electrochemical cells are protected against Ni loss and migration via an engineered porous anode barrier layer.

Liu, Zhien↗
DOE OSTI2019

Via configuration for wafer-to-wafer interconnection

A modification to the standard layout of vias used for vertically-stacked wafer bonding is proposed which has been found to improve the interconnect overlay while avoiding the dishing problems associated with the planarization processes used in the creation of conductive posts within the vias. In particular, the pitch, i.e. the spacing between adjacent posts, is intentionally chosen to be different for each wafer. By using different pitches, there is an increase in the probability of overlap of posts on each wafer, even when one wafer is slightly offset with respect to the other (which is possible when aligning one wafer with another in a standard bonding tool). Advantageously, the use of different pitches allows for the use of relatively small diameter (one micron or less) posts while still creating sufficient overlap for the necessary connections.

Jones, Adam↗
DOE OSTI2010

Method and apparatus for forming electrode interconnect contacts for a solid-oxide fuel cell stack

An electrical interconnect for a solid-oxide fuel cell stack assembly, including a novel sintering paste and an improved manufacturing process for an anode and cathode electrical contacts is disclosed. On the anode side, the paste contains a metallic oxide such as NiO, and an amount of sacrificial pore-forming particles, such as carbon particles or polymer spheres, which are vaporized during sintering of the paste, resulting in a very porous connection having good electrical conductivity and good adhesion. A preferred level of pore-former in the paste is about 40 volume percent. On the cathode side, the paste contains a noble metal such as for example, gold, platinum, palladium or rhodium, and an amount of the sacrificial pore-forming particles. The paste may be applied to the surfaces in a grid pattern or, because the resulting contact is porous after sintering, it may be applied as a continuous layer.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Interconnect for fuel cell stack

A metal interconnect for a fuel cell stack is formed from an electrically conductive metal sheet having at least four stamped slots through the metal sheet, and often many more than four slots. The stamped slots individually extend lengthwise parallel to the direction of fluid flow during operation of the fuel cell stack assembly and are disposed on the metal sheet in a pattern extending parallel and perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow, so as to define at least one metal strip portion between adjacent slots extending parallel to the direction of fluid flow and at least one metal strip portion between adjacent slots extending perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. The metal strip portion(s) include portions of reduced thickness that allow for fluid flow between adjacent slots and portions of greater thickness that provide discrete locations of electrical connection between the separator plate fuel cell electrode.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Application of MP-PIC on Dual Interconnected Chemical Looping Cold Flow System: Validation Process with Hydrodynamic Experiments

Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) is a promising carbon capture technologies, that utilizes a dual fluidized bed interconnected by loopseals to selectively separate oxygen from ambient air. This study validated Barracuda-VR® hydrodynamic simulations of dual circulating fluidized bed. The experiments were run on a scaled-down cold-flow unit of a 100 kW dual reactor to find the quantities of interest: circulation rate, bed mass location distribution, and pressure profile. The numerical parameters of time step and grid resolution were studied to find the numeric uncertainty for the quantities of interest. The scenario parameters of flowrates, particle densities, and particle voidage were studied. The uncertainty from the model parameters of tangent-to-wall, drag multiplier, and stress model were studied. Simulation and experimental results matched over some of the parameters studied. These can be used to scale the system back to the 100 kW dual reactor and to a larger system.

Hamilton, Matthew A↗
DOE OSTI2020

SOFC interconnect barriers and methods of making same using masks

A novel method to produce thin films spatially disposed on desired areas of workpieces is disclosed. Examples of include the formation of a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) film formed on a desired portion of a stainless steel interconnect for solid oxide fuel cells by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). A number of methods to produce the spatially disposed YSZ film structures are described including polymeric and silicone rubber masks. The thin film structures have utility for preventing the reaction of glasses with metals, in particular alkali-earth containing glasses with ferritic stainless steels, allowing high temperature bonding of these materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Estimation of Electromechanical Modes of Oscillation in the Eastern Interconnection from Ambient PMU Data

A power system's inter-area electromechanical modes of oscillation determine if the system is small-signal stable. Mode meters are tools that estimate the modes based on ambient synchrophasor measurements, allowing continuous monitoring of the system's stability margin. This paper reports on the application of mode meter algorithms to 21 months of synchrophasor measurements from the United States Eastern Interconnection (EI). Estimates for three modes were updated every minute, providing a much more comprehensive set of results than previous studies based on disturbance recordings. The detailed signal designs and mode meter configurations provided in this paper can be used to accelerate mode meter deployments in the EI. Analysis of the mode estimates reveal for the first time how seasonal load changes and system reconfiguration impact the EI system's dynamics.

Follum, James D.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Impact of Quaternary-Pumped Storage Hydropower on Frequency Response of U.S. Western Interconnection with High Renewable Penetrations: Preprint

As renewable penetration increases in the United States, maintaining stability and reliability of low-inertia power grid by providing sufficient frequency control capability becomes a challenge. Advanced pumped storage hydro technologies (APSH) will be expected to play an important role for future grid as not only an energy supplier, but also as an ancillary services provider. This paper studies the impact of using quaternary pumped storage hydropower (Q-PSH), as one of the newly proposed APSH technology, to provide primary frequency response. To quantify the impact of Q-PSH on frequency response of the U.S. Western Interconnection, a user-defined dynamic model of Q-PSH is developed on the GE Positive Sequence Load Flow (PSLF) platform and is implemented in a set of detailed U.S. Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) planning cases in which renewable penetration levels are 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. Simulation results show that Q-PSH can help improve frequency nadir and settling frequency comparing to the conventional PSH.

frequency response↗
DOE OSTI2023

System and method for scalable optical interconnect for quantum computing

The present disclosure relates to an interconnect system for interfacing an electronic subsystem to a qubit package, wherein the qubit package has a plurality of independent qubits. The system makes use of an optical fiber cable having a plurality of optical fibers, which is interfaced to the electronic subsystem. A 3D optical structure is used which has a plurality of internal waveguides, and which is configured to interface the optical fiber cable to the qubit package. The 3D optical structure further has at least one subsystem for using the plurality of waveguides to receive signals of a first type from at least one of the qubits package or the optical fiber cable, to convert the signals from the first type to a second type, and to transmit the signals in the second type to the other one of the fiber optic cable or the qubit package.

Patra, Susant K.↗