Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Implementation Guide”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2007

Production and Distribution of NASA MODIS Remote Sensing Products

The two Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on-board NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites make key measurements for understanding the Earth's terrestrial ecosystems. Global time-series of terrestrial geophysical parameters have been produced from MODIS/Terra for over 7 years and for MODIS/Aqua for more than 4 1/2 years. These well calibrated instruments, a team of scientists and a large data production, archive and distribution systems have allowed for the development of a new suite of high quality product variables at spatial resolutions as fine as 250m in support of global change research and natural resource applications. This talk describes the MODIS Science team's products, with a focus on the terrestrial (land) products, the data processing approach and the process for monitoring and improving the product quality. The original MODIS science team was formed in 1989. The team's primary role is the development and implementation of the geophysical algorithms. In addition, the team provided feedback on the design and pre-launch testing of the instrument and helped guide the development of the data processing system. The key challenges the science team dealt with before launch were the development of algorithms for a new instrument and provide guidance of the large and complex multi-discipline processing system. Land, Ocean and Atmosphere discipline teams drove the processing system requirements, particularly in the area of the processing loads and volumes needed to daily produce geophysical maps of the Earth at resolutions as fine as 250 m. The processing system had to handle a large number of data products, large data volumes and processing loads, and complex processing requirements. Prior to MODIS, daily global maps from heritage instruments, such as Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), were not produced at resolutions finer than 5 km. The processing solution evolved into a combination of processing the lower level (Level 1) products and the higher level discipline specific Land and Atmosphere products in the MODIS Science Investigator Lead Processing System (SIPS), the MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS), and archive and distribution of the Land products to the user community by two of NASA s EOS Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs). Recently, a part of MODAPS, the Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS), took over the role of archiving and distributing the Level 1 and Atmosphere products to the user community.

Wolfe, Robert↗
NASA NTRS2010

A Technique for the Assessment of Flight Operability Characteristics of Human Rated Spacecraft

In support of new human rated spacecraft development programs, the Mission Operations Directorate at NASA Johnson Space Center has implemented a formal method for the assessment of spacecraft operability. This "Spacecraft Flight Operability Assessment Scale" defines six key themes of flight operability, with guiding principles and goals stated for each factor. A standardized rating technique provides feedback that is useful to the operations, design and program management communities. Applicability of this concept across the program structure and life cycle is addressed. Examples of operationally desirable and undesirable spacecraft design characteristics are provided, as is a sample of the assessment scale product.

Crocker, Alan↗
NASA NTRS2012

Distributed Assimilation of Satellite-based Snow Extent for Improving Simulated Streamflow in Mountainous, Dense Forests: An Example Over the DMIP2 Western Basins

Snow cover area affects snowmelt, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and ultimately streamflow. For the Distributed Model Intercomparison Project - Phase 2 Western basins, we assimilate satellite-based fractional snow cover area (fSCA) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, or MODIS, into the National Weather Service (NWS) SNOW-17 model. This model is coupled with the NWS Sacramento Heat Transfer (SAC-HT) model inside the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Land Information System. SNOW-17 computes fSCA from snow water equivalent (SWE) values using an areal depletion curve. Using a direct insertion, we assimilate fSCAs in two fully distributed ways: 1) we update the curve by attempting SWE preservation, and 2) we reconstruct SWEs using the curve. The preceding are refinements of an existing simple, conceptually-guided NWS algorithm. Satellite fSCA over dense forests inadequately accounts for below-canopy snow, degrading simulated streamflow upon assimilation during snowmelt. Accordingly, we implement a below-canopy allowance during assimilation. This simplistic allowance and direct insertion are found to be inadequate for improving calibrated results, still degrading them as mentioned above. However, for streamflow volume for the uncalibrated runs, we obtain: (1) substantial to major improvements (64-81 %) as a percentage of the control run residuals (or distance from observations), and (2) minor improvements (16-22 %) as a percentage of observed values. We highlight the need for detailed representations of canopy-snow optical radiative transfer processes in mountainous, dense forest regions if assimilation-based improvements are to be seen in calibrated runs over these areas.

Yatheendradas, Soni↗
NASA NTRS2015

Challenges of NDE Simulation Tool Challenges of NDE Simulation Tool

Realistic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) simulation tools enable inspection optimization and predictions of inspectability for new aerospace materials and designs. NDE simulation tools may someday aid in the design and certification of advanced aerospace components; potentially shortening the time from material development to implementation by industry and government. Furthermore, modeling and simulation are expected to play a significant future role in validating the capabilities and limitations of guided wave based structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. The current state-of-the-art in ultrasonic NDE/SHM simulation cannot rapidly simulate damage detection techniques for large scale, complex geometry composite components/vehicles with realistic damage types. This paper discusses some of the challenges of model development and validation for composites, such as the level of realism and scale of simulation needed for NASA' applications. Ongoing model development work is described along with examples of model validation studies. The paper will also discuss examples of the use of simulation tools at NASA to develop new damage characterization methods, and associated challenges of validating those methods.

Leckey, Cara A. C.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Automating Test Consistency

Creating and controlling incredibly complex vehicles such as a rocket requires an unfathomable number of tests. Such tests are necessary to ensure a successful mission and that any issues are caught immediately. Once human lives become involved, the importance of such tests cannot be understated. Often times, however, tests may not be written in a consistent manner and such inconsistencies can lead to slowing down the test-writing process and may even create concerns with the test itself. Because of this, NASA has standards that should be followed by all test writers, but the list of standards is quite long and ensuring that tests follow this perfectly can be challenging. Older tests or tests written by individuals who are unfamiliar with this guide may not be following it which can lead to inconsistencies. To fix this issue, I have taken these human-readable rules and implemented them into an open-source linting program. Linting software is used to automatically check the style of code, and in this case, the tests. In doing so, any rules that the test developer may not have followed will be flagged upon running the software and they can quickly and accurately keep their test consistent with the rules that they are expected to follow.

Software↗
DOE OSTI2020

BeyondPlanck I. Global Bayesian analysis of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument data

We describe the BeyondPlanck project in terms of motivation, methodology and main products, and provide a guide to a set of companion papers that describe each result in fuller detail. Building directly on experience from ESA's Planck mission, we implement a complete end-to-end Bayesian analysis framework for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) observations. The primary product is a joint posterior distribution P(omega|d), where omega represents the set of all free instrumental (gain, correlated noise, bandpass etc.), astrophysical (synchrotron, free-free, thermal dust emission etc.), and cosmological (CMB map, power spectrum etc.) parameters. Some notable advantages of this approach are seamless end-to-end propagation of uncertainties; accurate modeling of both astrophysical and instrumental effects in the most natural basis for each uncertain quantity; optimized computational costs with little or no need for intermediate human interaction between various analysis steps; and a complete overview of the entire analysis process within one single framework. As a practical demonstration of this framework, we focus in particular on low-l CMB polarization reconstruction, paying special attention to the LFI 44 GHz channel. We find evidence of significant residual systematic effects that are still not accounted for in the current processing, but must be addressed in future work. These include a break-down of the 1/f correlated noise model at 30 and 44 GHz, and scan-aligned stripes in the Southern Galactic hemisphere at 44 GHz. On the Northern hemisphere, however, we find that all results are consistent with the LCDM model, and we constrain the reionization optical depth to tau = 0.067 +/- 0.016, with a low-resolution chi-squared probability-to-exceed of 16%. The marginal CMB dipole amplitude is 3359.5 +/- 1.9 uK. (Abridged.)

Andersen, KJ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cyber Informed Engineering (CIE) Curriculum Guide

The Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) Curriculum Guide provides a framework, guidance, and resources for incorporating CIE into university-level engineering programs and related educational activities. A key goal of this guide is to help institutions deliver CIE focused education to produce future engineers and technicians who meet the nation’s infrastructure needs. To accommodate a broad range of educational goals and approaches, this guide outlines several practical integration strategies, links to resources that can accelerate CIE adoption, and offers perspectives from partner academic institutions on the various implementation strategies.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Transforming New Multifamily Construction to Zero: Strategies for Implementing Energy Targets and Design Pathways: Preprint

Creating zero energy (ZE) mid- to high-rise multifamily buildings represent significant challenges in the design world. Tenants often take responsibility for some of the utilities and are responsible for consumption of some of the largest end uses: hot water and plug loads. Furthermore, designers can experience risk in creating new sets of details and recommending new strategies to reach aggressive EUI targets. To assist in a more streamlined and successful design approach to ZE multifamily buildings, five major professional societies and experts from the multifamily space created a Zero Energy Advanced Energy Design Guide (AEDG) for multifamily buildings based on data driven results coupled with actual design experiences and case studies. Pathways to achieve ZE design were established including whole building energy use intensity targets coupled with details on how to achieve success in implementing individual efficiency measures. The guidance strives to overcome design barriers and this paper provides an overview of the recommended process to achieve ZE or ZE-ready status, along with details on selecting energy targets, and strategy pathways to achieve the targets.

advanced energy design guide↗
DOE OSTI2022

Decoding the protein–ligand interactions using parallel graph neural networks

Abstract Protein–ligand interactions (PLIs) are essential for biochemical functionality and their identification is crucial for estimating biophysical properties for rational therapeutic design. Currently, experimental characterization of these properties is the most accurate method, however, this is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. A number of computational methods have been developed in this context but most of the existing PLI prediction heavily depends on 2D protein sequence data. Here, we present a novel parallel graph neural network (GNN) to integrate knowledge representation and reasoning for PLI prediction to perform deep learning guided by expert knowledge and informed by 3D structural data. We develop two distinct GNN architectures: $$\hbox {GNN}_{\mathrm{F}}$$ GNN F is the base implementation that employs distinct featurization to enhance domain-awareness, while $$\hbox {GNN}_{\mathrm{P}}$$ GNN P is a novel implementation that can predict with no prior knowledge of the intermolecular interactions. The comprehensive evaluation demonstrated that GNN can successfully capture the binary interactions between ligand and protein’s 3D structure with 0.979 test accuracy for $$\hbox {GNN}_{\mathrm{F}}$$ GNN F and 0.958 for $$\hbox {GNN}_{\mathrm{P}}$$ GNN P for predicting activity of a protein–ligand complex. These models are further adapted for regression tasks to predict experimental binding affinities and $$\hbox {pIC}_{\mathrm{50}}$$ pIC 50 crucial for compound’s potency and efficacy. We achieve a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.66 and 0.65 on experimental affinity and 0.50 and 0.51 on $$\hbox {pIC}_{\mathrm{50}}$$ pIC 50 with $$\hbox {GNN}_{\mathrm{F}}$$ GNN F and $$\hbox {GNN}_{\mathrm{P}}$$ GNN P , respectively, outperforming similar 2D sequence based models. Our method can serve as an interpretable and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) tool for predicted activity, potency, and biophysical properties of lead candidates. To this end, we show the utility of $$\hbox {GNN}_{\mathrm{P}}$$ GNN P on SARS-Cov-2 protein targets by screening a large compound library and comparing the prediction with the experimentally measured data.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1986

Simulator for multilevel optimization research

A computer program designed to simulate and improve multilevel optimization techniques is described. By using simple analytic functions to represent complex engineering analyses, the simulator can generate and test a large variety of multilevel decomposition strategies in a relatively short time. This type of research is an essential step toward routine optimization of large aerospace systems. The paper discusses the types of optimization problems handled by the simulator and gives input and output listings and plots for a sample problem. It also describes multilevel implementation techniques which have value beyond the present computer program. Thus, this document serves as a user's manual for the simulator and as a guide for building future multilevel optimization applications.

Padula, S. L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Space Shuttle telemetry analysis by a real time expert system

During early manned spacecraft operations, the primary role of ground telemetry systems was data display to flight controllers. As manned spaceflights have increased in complexity, greater demands have been placed on flight controllers to simultaneously monitor systems and replan systems operations. This has led to interest in automated telemetry monitoring systems to decrease the workload on flight controllers. The Mission Operations Directorate at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center has developed a five layer model to integrate various monitoring and analysis technologies such as digital filtering, fault detection algorithms, and expert systems. The paper describes the five layer model and explains how it has been used to guide prototyping efforts at Mission Control. Results from some initial expert systems are presented. The paper also describes the integrated prototype currently under development which implements a real time expert system to assist flight controllers in the Mission Control Center in monitoring Space Shuttle communications systems.

Muratore, John F.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Analytical guidance law development for aerocapture at Mars

During the first part of this reporting period research has concentrated on performing a detailed evaluation, to zero order, of the guidance algorithm developed in the first period taking the numerical approach developed in the third period. A zero order matched asymptotic expansion (MAE) solution that closely satisfies a set of 6 implicit equations in 6 unknowns to an accuracy of 10(exp -10), was evaluated. Guidance law implementation entails treating the current state as a new initial state and repetitively solving the MAE problem to obtain the feedback controls. A zero order guided solution was evaluated and compared with optimal solution that was obtained by numerical methods. Numerical experience shows that the zero order guided solution is close to optimal solution, and that the zero order MAE outer solution plays a critical role in accounting for the variations in Loh's term near the exit phase of the maneuver. However, the deficiency that remains in several of the critical variables indicates the need for a first order correction. During the second part of this period, methods for computing a first order correction were explored.

Calise, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Designing a Better Spacecraft: Assessing Flight Operability of Human Rated Spacecraft

The design of a human rated spacecraft is a complex and costly process requiring the integrated assessment of many individual criteria. Historically, it has been difficult to include in that integrated assessment the design s full impact on the flight operations community and its costs. The unique "operability requirements" have not been well understood, nor has there been a well-defined set of criteria for assessing operability. As a result, flight operations organizations and program managers are often faced with difficult and costly operations phase implementations. In response, the Mission Operations Directorate at NASA s Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center has established a formal technique to evaluate and communicate the operational characteristics of spacecraft system designs for the Constellation Program. This process is not intended to replace or replicate other critical assessments such as risk, reliability and safety assessments. Instead, this new technique adds to the assessment toolset a means to address the concerns and potential cost drivers that are unique to the operational phase of a program and the flight operations community. This paper describes the implementation and application of this "Spacecraft Flight Operability Assessment Scale" in supporting vehicle design efforts. The six key factors of flight operability are defined, with guiding principles and goals stated for each factor. A standardized rating technique provides feedback that is useful to both the operations and program management communities. Sample assessments of legacy spacecraft, including the Space Shuttle and International Space Station systems, are provided to provide real world examples of this technique s application.

Crocker, Alan R.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Large Telescope Segmented Primary Mirror Alignment

A document discusses a broadband (white light) point source, located at the telescope Cassegrain focus, which generates a cone of light limited by the hole in the secondary mirror (SM). It propagates to the aspheric null-mirror, which is optimized to make all the reflected rays to be normal to the primary mirror (PM) upon reflection. PM retro-reflects the rays back through the system for wavefront analysis. The point source and the wavefront analysis subsystems are all located behind the PM. The PM phasing is absolute (white light) and does not involve the SM. A relatively small, aspheric null-mirror located near the PM center of curvature has been designed to deliver the high level of optical wavefront correction. The phasing of the segments is absolute due to the use of a broadband source. The segmented PM is optically aligned independently and separately from the SM alignment. The separation of the PM segments alignment from the PM to the SM, and other telescope optics alignments, may be a significant advantage, eliminating the errors coupling. The point source of this concept is fully cooperative, unlike a star or laser-generated guide-star, providing the necessary brightness for the optimal S/N ratio, the spectral content, and the stable on-axis position. This concept can be implemented in the lab for the PM initial alignment, or made to be a permanent feature of the space-based or groundbased telescope.

Rud, Mayer↗
NASA NTRS2013

The Tailoring of Traditional Systems Engineering for the Morpheus Project

NASA's Morpheus Project has developed and tested a prototype planetary lander capable of vertical takeoff and landing that is designed to serve as a testbed for advanced spacecraft technologies. The lander vehicle, propelled by a LOX/Methane engine and sized to carry a 500kg payload to the lunar surface, provides a platform for bringing technologies from the laboratory into an integrated flight system at relatively low cost. From the beginning, one of goals for the Morpheus Project was to streamline agency processes and practices. The Morpheus project accepted a challenge to tailor the traditional NASA systems engineering approach in a way that would be appropriate for a lower cost, rapid prototype engineering effort, but retain the essence of the guiding principles. The team has produced innovative ways to create an infrastructure and approach that would challenge existing systems engineering processes while still enabling successful implementation of the current Morpheus Project. This paper describes the tailored systems engineering approach for the Morpheus project, including the processes, tools, and amount of rigor employed over the project's multiple lifecycles since the project began in FY11. Lessons learned from these trials have the potential to be scaled up and improve efficiency on a larger projects or programs.

Devolites, Jennifer L.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Recommendation for a Medical System Concept of Operations for Gateway Missions

NASA’s exploration missions to cis-lunar space will establish a permanent gateway to future transport missions to Mars. These missions mandate a significant paradigm change for mission planning, spacecraft design, human systems integration, and in-flight medical care due to constraints on mass, volume, power, resupply, and medical evacuation capability. These constraints require medical system development to be tightly integrated with mission and habitat design to provide a sufficient medical infrastructure and enable mission success. This concept of operations provides a vision of medical care needs that will be used to guide the development of a medical system for the cis-lunar Gateway Habitat. This medical system will serve as the precursor to what is implemented in future exploration missions to Mars. This concept of operations documents an overview of the stakeholder needs and system goals of a medical system and provides examples of the types of activities for which the system will be used during the mission. This concept of operations informs the ExMC systems engineering effort to define the Gateway Habitat Medical System by documenting the medical activities and capabilities relevant to Gateway missions, as identified by the ExMC clinician community. In addition, this concept of operations will inform the subsequent systems engineering process of developing technical requirements, system architectures, interfaces, and verification and validation approaches for the medical system. This document supports the closure of ExMC Gap Med01: We do not have a concept of operations for medical care during exploration missions, corresponding to the ExMC-managed human system risk: Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes & Decrements in Performance due to Inflight Medical Conditions.

Rubin, David↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Clinical Decision Support For Exploration Space Flight: Software Augmentation To Enhance Progressively Earth-Independent Medical Operations

This panel identifies the challenges of supporting medical events in deep space using integrated systems software to augment existing capabilities during increasingly Earth-independent missions where an asynchronous communication environment becomes routine. An interdisciplinary team of software designers, physicians, human factors engineers, and computational modelers applied their respective expertise to develop a roadmap for supporting the crew making medical decisions in more autonomous fashion with time-delayed ground support. The first presentation describes predictive modeling implemented to assist medical system design and address risk reduction using robust clinical decision support software. The second presentation details how operational and environmental challenges guide assumptions and, in turn, by what means requirements for medical decision-making in deep space are derived. The third presentation describes and defines the skills and capabilities an exploration spaceflight medical officer will need to perform effectively during extended-duration spaceflight missions. The fourth presentation covers the potential models and function of the software element for supporting clinical decisions. The final presentation covers how these elements may work together with ground support to provide comprehensive care despite deep space travel's extreme challenges and limitations.

Dana Levin↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Wall-Modeled LES of a Swept Wing with Leading-Edge Ice Using LAVA Curvilinear, Unstructured, and Cartesian Solvers

Wall-modeled large-eddy simulation (LES) of a swept wing with leading-edge ice build up is performed using three mesh paradigms and associated flow solvers and compared to experimental results. The study focuses on an 8.9% scale model of the CRM65 swept wing featuring both high-fidelity and smooth leading-edge ice shapes. The assessment is conducted using the Launch, Ascent, and Vehicle Aerodynamics (LAVA) framework using the three actively supported meshing paradigms in LAVA: structured curvilinear overset, unstructured, andCartesian. For the iced configurations, these paradigms use hybrid body-fitted/source-term immersed-boundary, body-fitted, and ghost-cell immersed-boundary strategies, respectively.The unstructured and Cartesian mesh paradigms are particularly attractive for complex ice shapes as they avoid the manual mesh generation effort associated with the curvilinear approach. For the high-fidelity ice shape, good agreement with the experiment can be obtained with all three strategies; however, the curvilinear method is particularly sensitive to the source-term immersed-boundary timescale and span wise mesh resolution, and the Cartesian implementation is sensitive to the choice of numerical flux. For the smooth ice, larger discrepancies are observed across all methods. However, a mesh refinement study guided by flow visualizations leads to an improved comparison with the experiment that is particularly pronounced for the unstructured mesh paradigm.

TTT↗