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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

First Ever Polymer Flood Field Pilot to Enhance the Recovery of Heavy Oils on Alaska’s North Slope – Polymer Injection Performance

Alaska North Slope (ANS) holds an estimated 20-30+ billion barrel heavy oil resources, yet the development pace has been very slow due to high development costs and low oil recovery using conventional waterflood and EOR methods. The objective of this pilot is to perform a field experiment to validate the use of an advanced polymer flooding technology to unlock the vast heavy oil resources on ANS. The advanced polymer flooding technology combines polymer flooding, low salinity water flooding, horizontal wells, and if necessary, injection conformance control treatments into one integrated process to significantly improve oil recovery from heavy oil reservoirs. Two pairs of horizontal injection and production wells have been deployed in an isolated fault block of the Schrader Bluff heavy oil reservoir at the Milne Point Field to conduct a polymer flood pilot. The pilot will acquire scientific knowledge and field performance data to optimize polymer flood design in the Schrader Bluff heavy oil reservoirs on ANS. Polymer injection started on August 28, 2018 using a custom made polymer blending and pumping unit. This paper focuses on the facility setup and polymer injection performance into the horizontal injectors drilled and completed in the Schrader Bluff heavy oil reservoir. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) polymer was selected and the initial target viscosity was set at 45 centipoise. Polymer injection rate was set at 2200 bbl/day for one injector (J-23A) and 1200 bbl/day for the other (J-24A) based on production voidage. Injection pressure was controlled at below fracture pressure to prevent fracturing the reservoir and causing fast breakthroughs. Step rate and pressure falloff tests indicate that short term polymer injectivity is similar to water injectivity, which means that injectivity is mostly controlled by fluid mobility deep in the reservoir rather than that in the vicinity of the injection wellbore. Long term injection data indicate that polymer injectivity has been decreasing in both injectors as the reservoir is filled by polymer. No polymer has been observed in the production stream 7 months after the start of polymer injection compared with a 3-month breakthrough time with waterflood. This indicates that polymer significantly delays breakthrough time which will lead to increased sweep efficiency.

Ning, Samson↗
DOE OSTI2019

Stress and Fracture of Crystalline Silicon Cells in Solar Photovoltaic Modules – A Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction based Investigation

Fracture of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells in photovoltaic modules is a big concern to the photovoltaics (PV) industry. Cell cracks cause performance degradation and warranty issues to the manufacturers. The roots of cell fractures lie in the manufacturing and integration process of the cells and modules as they go through a series of elevated temperature and pressure processes, involving bonding of dissimilar materials, causing residual stresses. Evaluation of the exact physical mechanisms leading to these thermomechanical stresses is highly essential to quantify them and optimize the PV modules to address them. Here we present a novel synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction based techniques to characterize the stress and fracture in the crystalline silicon PV modules. We show the detailed stress state after soldering and lamination process, using the synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction experiments. We also calculate the maximum tolerable microcrack size in the c-Si cells to sustain the residual stress after lamination. We further demonstrate the effect of these residual stresses on the cell fractures using the widely accepted fracture (4-point bending) tests. These test results show that the soldering and lamination induced localized residual stresses indeed reduce the load-carrying capacity of the c-Si cells.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Interactive Effects of Climate Change and Decomposer Communities on the Stabilization of Wood-Derived Carbon Pools: Catalyst for a New Study

Globally, forest soils store ~two-thirds as much carbon (C) as the atmosphere. Although wood makes up the majority of forest biomass, the importance of wood contributions to soil C pools is unknown. Even with recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of soil processes, integrative studies tracing C input pathways and biological fluxes within and from soils are lacking. Therefore, our research objectives were to assess the impact of different fungal decay pathways (i.e., white-rot versus brown-rot)—in interaction with wood quality, soil temperature, wood location (i.e., soil surface and buried in mineral soil), and soil texture—on the transformation of woody material into soil CO 2 efflux, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and soil C pools. The use of 13 C-depleted woody biomass harvested from the Rhinelander, WI free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (Aspen-FACE) experiment affords the unique opportunity to distinguish the wood-derived C from other soil C fluxes and pools. We established 168 treatment plots across six field sites (three sand and three loam textured soil). Treatment plots consisted of full-factorial design with the following treatments: 1. Wood chips from elevated CO 2 , elevated CO 2 + O 3 , or ambient atmosphere AspenFACE treatments; 2. Inoculated with white rot (Bjerkandera adusta) or brown rot (Gloeophyllum sepiarium) pure fungal cultures, or the original suite of endemic microbial community on the logs; and 3. Buried (15cm in soil as a proxy for coarse roots) or surface applied wood chips. We also created a warming treatment using open-topped, passive warming chambers on a subset of the above treatments. Control plots with no added wood (“no chip control”) were incorporated into the research design. Soils were sampled for initial δ 13 C values, CN concentrations, and bulk density. A subset of plots were instrumented with lysimeters for sampling soil water and temperature data loggers for measuring soil temperatures. To determine the early pathways of decomposition, we measured soil surface CO 2 efflux, dissolved organic C (DOC), and DO 13 C approximately monthly over two growing seasons from a subsample of the research plots. To determine the portion of soil surface CO 2 efflux attributable to wood-derived C, we used Keeling plot techniques to estimate the associated δ 13 C values of the soil CO 2 efflux. We measured the δ 13 CO 2 once during the peak of each growing season. Initial values for soil δ 13 C values and CN concentrations averaged across the six sites were -26.8‰ (standard error = 0.04), 2.46% (se = 0.11), and 0.15% (se = 0.01), respectively. The labeled wood chips from the Aspen FACE treatments had an average δ13C value of -39.5‰ (se 0.10). The >12 ‰ isotopic difference between the soil and wood chip δ 13 C values provides the basis for tracking the wood-derived C through the early stages of decomposition and subsequent storage in the soil. Across our six research sites, average soil surface CO 2 efflux ranged from 1.04 to 2.00 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 for the first two growing seasons. No wood chip controls had an average soil surface CO 2 efflux of 0.67 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 or about half of that of the wood chip treatment plots. Wood-derived CO 2 efflux was higher for loam textured soils relative to sands (0.70 and 0.54 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 , respectively; p = 0.045)), for surface relative to buried wood chip treatments (0.92 and 0.39 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 , respectively; p < 0.001), for warmed relative to ambient temperature treatments (0.99 and 0.78 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 , respectively; 0.004), and for natural rot relative to brown and white rots (0.93, 0.82, and 0.78 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 , respectively; p = 0.068). Our first two growing seasons of soil surface CO 2 efflux data show that wood chip location (i.e., surface vs. buried chip application) is very important, with surface chips loosing twice the wood-derived CO 2 . The DOC data support this trend for greater loss of ecosystem C from surface chips. This has strong implications for the importance of root and buried wood for ecosystem C retention. This strong chip location effect on wood-derived C loss was significantly modified by soil texture, soil temperature, decomposer communities, and wood quality as effected by potential future CO 2 and O 3 levels.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Scaling to Nanotechnology Limits with the PIMS Computer Architecture and a new Scaling Rule

We describe a new approach to computing that moves towards the limits of nanotechnology using a newly formulated sc aling rule. This is in contrast to the current computer industry scali ng away from von Neumann's original computer at the rate of Moore's Law. We extend Moore's Law to 3D, which l eads generally to architectures that integrate logic and memory. To keep pow er dissipation cons tant through a 2D surface of the 3D structure requires using adiabatic principles. We call our newly proposed architecture Processor In Memory and Storage (PIMS). We propose a new computational model that integrates processing and memory into "tiles" that comprise logic, memory/storage, and communications functions. Since the programming model will be relatively stable as a system scales, programs repr esented by tiles could be executed in a PIMS system built with today's technology or could become the "schematic diagram" for implementation in an ultimate 3D nanotechnology of the future. We build a systems software approach that offers advantages over and above the technological and arch itectural advantages. Firs t, the algorithms may be more efficient in the conventional sens e of having fewer steps. Second, the algorithms may run with higher power efficiency per operation by being a better match for the adiabatic scaling ru le. The performance analysis based on demonstrated ideas in physical science suggests 80,000 x improvement in cost per operation for the (arguably) gene ral purpose function of emulating neurons in Deep Learning.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis – Exploring the scientific challenges associated with discovering alternative, sustainable processes for ammonia production

Ammonia (NH 3 ) is essential to all life on our planet. Until about 100 years ago, NH 3 produced by reduction of dinitrogen (N 2 ) in air came almost exclusively from bacteria containing the enzyme nitrogenase.. DOE convened a roundtable of experts on February 18, 2016. Participants in the Roundtable discussions concluded that the scientific basis for sustainable processes for ammonia synthesis is currently lacking, and it needs to be enhanced substantially before it can form the foundation for alternative processes. The Roundtable Panel identified an overarching grand challenge and several additional scientific grand challenges and research opportunities: -Discovery of active, selective, scalable, long-lived catalysts for sustainable ammonia synthesis. -Development of relatively low pressure (<10 atm) and relatively low temperature (<200 C) thermal processes. -Integration of knowledge from nature (enzyme catalysis), molecular/homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. -Development of electrochemical and photochemical routes for N 2 reduction based on proton and electron transfer -Development of biochemical routes to N 2 reduction -Development of chemical looping (solar thermochemical) approaches -Identification of descriptors of catalytic activity using a combination of theory and experiments -Characterization of surface adsorbates and catalyst structures (chemical, physical and electronic) under conditions relevant to ammonia synthesis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Large-Scale Production of Fuel and Feed from Marine Microalgae

In summary, this Consortium has demonstrated a fully integrated process for the production of biofuels and high-value nutritional bioproducts at pre-commercial scale. We have achieved unprecedented yields of algal oil, and converted the oil to viable fuels. We have demonstrated the potential value of the residual product as a viable feed ingredient for many important animals in the global food supply.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Environmentally Friendly Economical Sequestration of Rare Earth Metals from Geothermal Waters

The purpose of this work was to complete a proof of concept study to apply and validate a novel method developed by Tusaar for the capture and recovery of rare earth elements (known as REEs) and other critical and valuable elements from geothermal waters produced from deep within the earth. Geothermal water provides heat for power production at many geothermal power plants in the western United States. The target elements, the REEs, are vital to modern day electronics, batteries, motors, automobiles and many other consumer favorites and necessities. Currently there are no domestic sources of REEs while domestic and international demand for the products they are used in continues to rise. Many of the REEs are considered “strategically” important. A secure supply of REEs in the USA would benefit consumers and the country at large. A new method to recover these REEs from geothermal waters used at existing geothermal power plants around the country is a high priority and would benefit consumers and the USA. The result of this project was the successful development and demonstration of an integrated process for removal and recovery of the REEs from synthetic geothermal brines on a small laboratory scale. The work included preparation of model geothermal brines to test, selection of the most effective proprietary sorbent media to capture the REEs and testing of the media under a variety of potential operating conditions. Geothermal brines are generally very high in salt content and contain a wide range of elements and anions associated with the rock layers from which they are produced. Processing the geothermal water is difficult because it is corrosive and the dissolved minerals in the water precipitate easily once the temperature and pressure change. No commercial technologies have been shown to be effective or robust enough under these geothermal brine conditions to be commercially viable for removal of REEs. Technologies including ion exchange, traditional sorptive media and membrane concentration are too expensive, difficult or impossible to regenerate and easily rendered ineffective under these working conditions. The work completed during this project has demonstrated that a selective media that is robust and durable under the conditions associated with geothermal brines is possible. The initial economic analysis indicates that the process would not be financially viable at current market prices for REEs. The world market price for REEs has been turbulent over the past several years and are currently near historical lows. Historical trends and market forces suggest that the world price is stabilizing and will rise. At the same time, further development has the potential to reduce the costs associated with the technology. This work opened the door to the idea that a large scale process for removal and recovery of REEs from geothermal brines is possible. Upward price pressures coupled with technology improvements suggest that this process has the opportunity to be commercially successful at a point in the future.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

FERC Hydropower Licensing: A Review of Utilization of the ILP, TLP, and ALP

A preliminary consideration for license applicants seeking to develop non-federal hydropower projects includes determining whether the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has authority over the development, and if so, what licensing procedures are required or may be an option for authorizing the project. Projects subject to FERC jurisdiction, which do not meet the qualification requirements for an exemption from FERC hydropower licensing, must complete the FERC hydropower licensing process utilizing one of FERC's three licensing processes: The Integrated Licensing Process (ILP), Traditional Licensing Process (TLP), or Alternative Licensing Process (ALP). Effective after July 23, 2005, the ILP became the default hydropower licensing process under the FPA [18 CFR Section 5.3(a)(2)] and any license applicant seeking to use the TLP or ALP is now required to submit to FERC a request to use the TLP or ALP with their Notice of Intent (NOI) and Pre-Application Document (PAD) and receive approval before initiating either of those processes.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Realization of Algae Potential (REAP)

The goal of the REAP R&D program was to advance the DOE goal of demonstrating 5,000 gallons per acre per year by 2022 by developing an integrated process for producing at least 3,500 gallons of bio-fuel intermediate per acre per year. The work plan called for developing a transformation system for Chlorella with which constructs would be developed that demonstrated a 40% increase productivity by attenuating the light harvest antennae and that provided 300% increase in lipid content. In addition, REAP would cultivate thermophilic acidophiles and would explore crop rotation strategies. The extremophile R&D hedged the risk surrounding metabolic engineering and also explored mixotrophic strains that could provide productivity boosts on organic substrates. Cultivation was to be carried out in horizontal photobioreactors developed by Algenol, one of the REAP corporate partners. The horizontal Algeonol PBRs were made from inexpensive plastic film and had low mixing energy requirements. Progress was made toward a transformation system for Chlorella sorokiniana 1412, but much more time and effort were required than anticipated. As a result, antenna mutants and strains with enhanced lipid accumulation were not available for outdoor testing. Thus, the hypothesis that reducing light attenuation can enhance the net productivity remains untested. Further, Chlorella sorokiniana was found to be more susceptible to predation and infection when grown at NMSU. Later experiments at ASU have been more successful, but culture stability for C. sorokiniana remains a concern. A C. sorokiniana (UTEX 1230) proline-overproducing strain (P5CS) was constructed that provided higher thermo-tolerance and salinity tolerance in laboratory tests. Algenol horizontal photobioreactors were hampered by mixing problems and vertical versions had mixing and biofouling issues. Outdoor, flat-panel, air-lift systems at ASU provided excellent productivity for extremophiles and Chlorella alike. Galdieria sulphuraria mixotrophy enabled volumetric productivities of 1.0 g/L/day at 0.5 meter spacing and an aerial productivity of 82 g/m²/day in July. Mixing energy requirements were too high to achieve target GHG emissions. Over the course of the REAP experiment, sequential hydrothermal liquefaction (SEQHTL) and direct hydrothermal liquefaction (DHTL) experiments have been performed under a number of conditions. The total areal yield is 2300 gal/ac/yr under for the DHTL yields. This value falls to 1800 gal/ac/yr for the SEQHTL yields.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Simplified Method to Evaluate Energy Life Cycle Cost Effectiveness for Electron Ion Collider Infrastructure Design

The new DOE Order 436.1A approved on April 25 th provides instructions to incorporate principles of sustainability early in the project planning and design process. Integral to the principles of sustainability is life cycle cost effectiveness Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis is vital to the sustainable energy efficient design and construction of the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). Reducing energy consumption has a direct impact on reducing life cycle operating costs with benefits to the environment. The early stages of the project are the most influential where design decisions and so life-cycle considerations during this stage can result in significant impacts to the energy footprint of the design. For example, when comparing between various options, it is necessary to compare the energy savings in $\frac{US$}{kWh}$ to the capital cost in US$. And although uncertain by nature, it is important to factor in the expected inflation and discount of future spendings to compare with the cost of immediate capital investment. This tech note presents a tool that engineers can readily use to analyze energy operating costs using an incremental life cycle cost method when comparing different design alternative.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Interoperability Maturity Roadmap Methodology, V1.3

The Interoperability Roadmap Methodology document supports the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC) Interoperability Project’s efforts to advance interoperability as an essential component for the successful and more seamless integration of intelligent, communicating technologies into the electric power system. This proposed methodology supports the strategic approach to advance interoperability described in the GMLC Interoperability Project’s Interoperability Strategic Vision: Enabling an Interactive Grid. That document proposes engaging an ecosystem of businesses interested in integrating smart technology with the electric power system to develop an interoperability roadmap using a methodical approach. This roadmap methodology is to be applied to technology integration ecosystems (e.g., electric vehicles, photovoltaic inverters, or automated buildings), using tools that measure the state of interoperability today, to identify the gaps and challenges that can be overcome to improve interoperability, and thereby, simplify the integration process.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Production of Carbon Nanomaterials and Sorbents from Domestic U.S. Coal (Final Report)

The main goal of this project was to produce high-value carbon nanomaterials and carbon sorbents from domestic coal resources in a cost-effective manner. Four types of domestic coal samples were processed through a combination of deashing, devolatilization, oxidation, reduction, and activation treatments to produce graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and activated carbon (AC). The precursors and developed materials were extensively characterized by various methods to investigate the impact of the coal feedstock type on the yield and quality of each product. A commercial graphite-based GO sample was included in the experimental work as the baseline material for comparison with the coal-based materials developed in this work. The performed work also included a technoeconomic analysis and cost estimation for a plant processing 20 tons/day coal, a market evaluation for the graphene materials, and a technology gap analysis. A simple process by concentrated nitric acid oxidation is used to oxidize coal precursors for the production of GO. Fine oxidized coal particles that were separated from larger oxidized coal particles had significantly higher oxygen contents and were identified as coal-based GO samples. Coarse oxidized coal particles were used as precursors for production of AC. Based on the Raman spectroscopy results, coal-based GO samples exhibited G and D bands similar to those of graphite-based GO samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that coal-based GO samples had surface oxygen contents of ~26-35% that were higher than the oxygen contents of graphite-based GO samples. Larger particles of oxidized coal samples were activated under different conditions to produce high surface area functionalized AC. Prepared materials had surface areas exceeding 1,500 m 2 /g and pore volumes more than 1 cm 3 /g with different pore size distributions. Reduced graphene oxide samples were prepared by thermal reduction of both coal-based and graphite-based GO samples at 170-2800 ºC. Coal-based and graphite-based RGO samples exhibited similar carbon contents, Raman spectra, and XRD profiles. Heat treatment above 1500 ºC shifted RGO to synthetic graphite. Among anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals tested, anthracite was the best precursor to produce carbon nanomaterials exhibiting properties similar to those of graphite-based materials. Anthracite-based carbon nanomaterials also had the highest production yields. Technoeconomic analysis estimated the production cost of GO and RGO for anthracite-based samples at about 2,600 and 4,200 $/ton, respectively, which is about two orders of magnitude lower than the current estimated price of graphite-based materials. Several gaps to further develop the proposed technology were identified and discussed that include process and equipment optimization, process integration, need for additional bench- and pilot-scale experiments, and other items to reduce the scale up risk. Market analysis reports suggested a compound annual growth rate of 40% for graphene and related materials. Short-term applications include composites, inks, and coatings. However, energy storage applications appear to be the dominant potential long-term applications. Different applications of coal-based GO and RGO need to be explored and clear metrics and standards for each application need to be developed.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bioblendstocks to Optimize Mixing Controlled Compression Ignition (MCCI) Engines

In this project, a team of researchers from the University of Massachusetts Lowell, the University of Maine, and Mainstream Engineering developed an integrated process for the product of bioblendstocks to optimize mixing controlled compression ignition (MCCI) engines. The objective was to improve the energy density, sooting propensity, and cetane number of base diesel fuel while maintaining cold weather behavior. The process converts woody biomass (e.g. sawmill residues) into bio-oil through selective fast pyrolysis; the bio-oil is then selectively upgraded to form selectively oxygenated, minimally-branched hydrocarbons using non-noble metal catalysts in combination with metal-catalyzed hydrogenation. Advanced predictive models, in conjunction with existing property databases, and experimental testing are used to evaluate overall bioblendstock properties and their impact on base diesel fuel. An iterative, targeted upgrading approach was implemented to optimize the proposed bioblendstock’s properties. Assessment methodologies included techno-economic analysis, life-cycle assessment, property testing, and engine testing. Ultimately, the project team successfully produced a viable bioblendstock while identifying critical process points related to scale-up efforts. It was found that producing pyrolysis oils at 500 degrees C and with pine particle sizes of 1-2 mm led to bio-oil with a higher yield (of approximately 45 wt%) and rich amounts of aromatic alcohols. The resultant pyrolysis oil was then upgraded using a sequence of mild hydrotreating, followed by catalytic etherification and esterification, followed by another final mild hydrotreating to produce a blendstock containing saturated species with a limited, but non-zero, amount of oxygen. The aromatic alcohols produced by pyrolysis were especially helpful in this regard, as the resulting bicycloethers and derivatives exhibited high cetane numbers. While most bulk properties of the bioblendstock met or exceeded targeted thresholds, viscosity and cloud point notably fell outside the expected range; this could be addressed by blending limits and/or through the use of additives that are commonplace in current refinding practices. Identification of a bioblendstock that can be produced economically at scale while improving the performance and emissions characteristics of internal combustion engines positively affects the economy by boosting domestic fuel production and the environment by decreasing harmful emissions and increasing efficiency.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

HLS4ML Integration with QICK

The QICK (Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit) integration aims to enhance the readout of superconducting qubits by leveraging machine learning (ML) techniques. These techniques offer high accuracy, increased speed, and better state preservation for qubit readouts. The integration process employs neural network algorithms to optimize system performance and achieve high accuracy rates. The QICK board uses an FPGA, allowing for efficient real-time processing and high-performance execution of machine learning algorithms.

Ali, Mohamud↗
DOE OSTI2024

Integrating PCTRAN with AI-Driven Host-Intrusion Detection and Secured Container Systems for Advanced Malware Analysis (Summer Internship Report)

This study presents a solution for enhancing the security of the Personal Computer Transient Analyzer (PCTRAN) PC-based Nuclear Power Plant Simulator by integrating the software with an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven host-intrusion detection system (HIDS), in addition to a secured container system, for malware analysis. PCTRAN is a Windows XP-based software package that has the ability to simulate a variety of accident and transient conditions for nuclear power plants (NPPs). It offers a high-resolution replica of the Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) and displays the status of important parameters allowing for operator interaction. By including AI-driven HIDS for the NSSS, the framework can identify security threats in real-time, ensuring the integrity of the nuclear simulation environment. Additionally, the secured container system offers the ability to isolate and analyze malware, preventing potential threats from affecting core systems. The integration process involves extensive testing and validation in order to ensure accuracy, reliability, and compliance with security policies. This framework sets a new precedent for secure simulation and training in NPP operations, and offers insight for future advancements in cybersecurity.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Catalyst Development to Overcome Barriers for Commercialization of Synthetic High-Octane Hydrocarbons: Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

In recent years, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the University of California Berkeley (UC Berkeley) have independently developed catalysts that convert methanol and dimethyl ether into alkylate-like hydrocarbons with a high-octane value, and both have developed intellectual property around these chemical transformations. Both UC Berkeley and NREL wish to see their technologies commercialized to address a number of domestic and international energy challenges. The technologies developed by NREL and UC Berkeley are complimentary but neither have moved beyond the laboratory scale due to remaining challenges with the catalyst activity and selectivity, and/or with the reaction engineering associated with maximizing the yield of the high-value product. NREL and UC Berkeley wish to collaboratively through a shared resources CRADA to solve issues related to the scale-up and process integration of their high-octane hydrocarbon technologies, thus enabling future licensing of the technology to an industry partner.

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Development of Advanced Solid Sorbents for Direct Air Capture (Final Technical Report – Unlimited)

RTI Team, proposes an approach for demonstrating carbon-neutral methanol (MeOH) produced from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) removed from air by direct air capture (DAC) and green hydrogen (H 2 ) from water (H 2 O) electrolysis using renewable electricity. The proposed project will include completing a feasibility study that informs a conceptual design of an integrated process that meets technical and economic targets set forth.

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗