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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Electrons and protons accelerated in Mercury's magnetic field

Fluxes of protons with energies of about 550 kev and electrons with energies of about 300 kev which exceed approximately 10,000 and 100,000 per sq cm per sec, respectively, have been discovered in the magnetosphere of Mercury. Electron fluxes greater than 1000 per sq cm per sec are also observed in the outbound pass of the Mariner 10 spacecraft through the magnetosheath. The intensity vs time profiles of the particle fluxes in the magnetosphere appear with sudden onsets beginning at interplanetary background levels and persisting for times equivalent to their being distributed spatially over regions having a scale size comparable to the planetary radius. It is shown that the radiation events observed in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath are transient and are not interpretable in terms of stable trapped particle populations.

Simpson, J. A.↗
DOE OSTI2010

Influence of Ti and Ta doping on the irreversible strain limit of ternary Nb3Sn superconducting wires made by the restacked-rod process

Nb{sub 3}Sn superconducting wires made by the restacked-rod process (RRP{reg_sign}) were found to have a dramatically improved resilience to axial tensile strain when alloyed with Ti as compared to Ta. Whereas Ta-alloyed Nb{sub 3}Sn in RRP wires showed permanent damage to its current-carrying capacity (I{sub c}) when tensioned beyond an intrinsic strain as small as 0.04%, Ti-doped Nb{sub 3}Sn in RRP strands exhibits a remarkable reversibility up to a tensile strain of about 0.25%, conceivably making Ti-doped RRP wires more suitable for the high field magnets used in particle accelerators and nuclear magnetic resonance applications where mechanical forces are intense. A strain cycling experiment at room temperature caused a significant drop of I{sub c} in Ta-alloyed wires, but induced an increase of I{sub c} in the case of Ti-doped strands. Whereas either Ti or Ta doping yield a similar enhancement of the upper critical field of Nb{sub 3}Sn, the much improved mechanical behavior of Ti-alloyed wires possibly makes Ti a better choice over Ta, at least for the RRP wire processing technique.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

PARTICLE ACCELERATION BY COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS CONTAINING LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC-FIELD VARIATIONS

Diffusive shock acceleration at collisionless shocks is thought to be the source of many of the energetic particles observed in space. Large-scale spatial variations of the magnetic field have been shown to be important in understanding observations. The effects are complex, so here we consider a simple, illustrative model. Here we solve numerically the Parker transport equation for a shock in the presence of large-scale sinusoidal magnetic-field variations. We demonstrate that the familiar planar-shock results can be significantly altered as a consequence of large-scale, meandering magnetic lines of force. Because the perpendicular diffusion coefficient {kappa}{sub perpendicular} is generally much smaller than the parallel diffusion coefficient {kappa}{sub ||}, the energetic charged particles are trapped and preferentially accelerated along the shock front in the regions where the connection points of magnetic field lines intersecting the shock surface converge, and thus create the 'hot spots' of the accelerated particles. For the regions where the connection points separate from each other, the acceleration to high energies will be suppressed. Further, the particles diffuse away from the 'hot spot' regions and modify the spectra of downstream particle distribution. These features are qualitatively similar to the recent Voyager observations in the Heliosheath. These results are potentially important for particle acceleration at shocks propagating in turbulent magnetized plasmas as well as those which contain large-scale nonplanar structures. Examples include anomalous cosmic rays accelerated by the solar wind termination shock, energetic particles observed in propagating heliospheric shocks, galactic cosmic rays accelerated by supernova blast waves, etc.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Field quality of the 4.5 m-long MQXFA pre-series magnets for the HL-LHC Upgrade as observed during magnet assembly

We report that the U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP) is developing MQXFA magnets, a series of 4.5 m long 150 mm aperture high-field Nb 3 Sn quadrupole magnets for the HL-LHC upgrade at CERN. Five pre-series magnets, MQXFA03 through MQXFA07, have been developed. During the magnet assembly stage, we perform magnetic measurements on the coil-pack sub-assembly and magnets after loading to track the field quality for two purposes. First, it serves as a quality assurance tool to check if the magnetic field quality is on track to meet the acceptance criteria. Magnetic measurements are used to understand if magnetic shims are needed to compensate low-order field errors and to meet the field quality targets. Second, the measurements during the assembly stage can also help understand the field quality, especially the geometric field errors, for Nb 3 Sn accelerator magnets. Here we summarize the measurement results of the pre-series MQXFA magnets, including the magnetic axis and twist angle. The results will provide useful feedback for the series production of Nb 3 Sn magnets and on the optimization of field quality of accelerator magnets based on the wind-and-react Nb 3 Sn technology.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

FEA Model and Mechanical Analysis of the Nb 3 Sn 15-T Dipole Demonstrator

Nb$_{3}$Sn magnets with a nominal operation field of ~15 T are being considered for the large hadron collider (LHC) energy upgrade high-energy large hadron collider (HE-LHC) and a post-LHC future circular collider. To demonstrate the feasibility of 15-T accelerator quality dipole magnets, the U.S. magnet development program is developing a single-aperture 15-T Nb$_{3}$Sn dipole demonstrator based on a 4-layer graded cos-theta coil with 60 mm aperture and cold iron yoke. The main design challenges for 15-T accelerator magnets include large Lorentz forces at this field level. To counteract them, an innovative mechanical structure based on a vertically split iron yoke, locked by large aluminum IC-clamps and supported by a thick stainless steel skin, has been developed at Fermilab. To study the performance of the structure, a parametric multiphysics finite element analysis (FEA) model has been set up. This paper describes the numerical model as well as the results of a sensitivity analysis of the effect of geometrical tolerances and assembly parameters.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

Homogenous BSCCO-2212 Round Wires for Very High Field Magnets

The performance demands on modern particle accelerators generate a relentless push towards higher field magnets. In turn, advanced high field magnet development places increased demands on superconducting materials. Nb 3 Sn conductors have been used to achieve 16 T in a prototype dipole magnet and are thought to have the capability for ~18 T for accelerator magnets (primarily dipoles but also higher order multipole magnets).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Simulated thermonuclear performance of auto-magnetizing helical liner MagLIF target implosions

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) implosions on the Z accelerator require magnetization of the fuel to reduce thermal conduction losses of energy from the laser-preheated deuterium fusion fuel to the surrounding liner material. While external field coils traditionally used to axially magnetize MagLIF targets are limited to 10–20 T (or perhaps ∼ 30 T with technological development), calculations suggest that higher axial magnetic fields would improve thermal insulation of the fuel and improve MagLIF target performance. We present results from three-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of MagLIF implosions employing auto-magnetizing helical liners composed of discrete metallic helical conduction paths separated by electrically insulating material. These simulated auto-magnetizing (AutoMag) liners produce axial magnetic fields >30 T inside the fusion fuel prior to implosion. Simulations indicate that higher thermonuclear yields and burn-averaged fuel ion temperatures are attained for implosions using AutoMag liners compared to standard MagLIF implosions. Comparable implosion morphology is evident in synthetic x-ray images of AutoMag–MagLIF and standard MagLIF implosions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

R&D ERL: Magnetic measurements of the ERL magnets

The magnet system of ERL consists of G5 solenoids, 6Q12 quadrupoles with 0.58 T/m gradient, 3D60 dipoles with 0.4 T central field, 15 and 30 degree Z-bend injection line dipole/quadrupole combined function magnets, and extraction line magnets. More details about the magnets can be found in a report by G. Mahler. Field quality in all the 6Q12 quadrupoles, 3D60 dipoles and the injection line magnets has been measured with either a rotating coil, or a Hall probe mapper. This report presents the results of these magnetic measurements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Evaluation of Open Waveguide RF Hazard

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in particle accelerators to develop electromagnetic fields in resonant cavities coupled to the RF source. Particles passing through the aperture in a resonant cavity are accelerated by the electric field and deflected by the magnetic field. Accelerator staff manage RF exposure hazards by using a robust combination of engineered safeguards and administrative controls - much like other industrial hazards. Consequently, direct exposure to RF (from an open wave guide, for example) is an extremely unlikely scenario. However, it is important to eliminate any scenario that might lead to such an event and it is instructive to evaluate the prompt somatic effects. This presentation discusses one possible scenario by which hazardous RF exposure can occur at a particle accelerator and the possible outcomes.

May, Robert↗
DOE OSTI2018

An unsteady flow of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carrier suspended in micropolar fluid through a porous tapered arterial stenosis under non-uniform magnetic field and periodic body acceleration

A mathematical model has been developed for pulsatile flow of blood through a tapered arterial stenosis in a porous medium under the influence of non-uniform magnetic field and periodic body acceleration treating blood as micropolar fluid carrying iron oxide nanoparticles. The governing equations of the system are solved numerically using finite difference schemes. The effects of stenotic height, taper angle, micropolar parameters, magnetic field, porosity, pulsatility, and magnetic nanoparticles on the flow of blood are analysed, and the results are represented graphically. It is significant to note that the flow parameters such as wall shear stress and flow resistance increase with increase in stenotic height, tapering parameter, magnetic field, pulsatile Reynolds number, time period, particle concentration, and particle mass parameters. Wall shear stress decreases with the increasing values of coupling number and it shows opposite behaviour in the case of flow resistance. Also increase in Darcy number leads to decrease in wall shear stress and flow resistance. The significance of treating blood as micropolar fluid is that the rotation of particles is taken into account. Cardiovascular diseases occur mainly due to abnormal blood flow in the arteries. To normalize the blood flow in the arteries, analysis of parameters involved in the study is essential. Hence, the present study has various applications in biomedical sciences. The effects of nanoparticles on blood flow analysed in the study have significant applications in delivery of drugs for treating cancer.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗