SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Advanced Image Processing”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1995

Aircraft scanner data availability via the version 0 Information Management System

As part of the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) development, NASA and other government agencies have developed an operational prototype of the Information Management System (IMS). The IMS provides access to the data archived at the Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAAC's) that allows users to search through metadata describing the (image) data. Criteria based on sensor name or type, date and time, and geographic location are used to search the archive. Graphical representations of coverage and browse images are available to further refine a user's selection. previously, the EROS Data Center (EDC) DAAC had identified the Advanced SOlid-state Array Spectrometer (ASAS), Airborne Visible and infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), NS-001, and Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) as precursor data sets similar to those the DAAC will handle in the Earth Observing System era. Currently, the EDC DAAC staff, in cooperation with NASA, has transcribed TIMS, NS-001, and Thematic Mapper Simulation (TMS) data from Ames Research Center and also TIMS data from Stennis Space Center. During the transcription process, the IMS metadata and browse images were created to populate the inventory at the EDC DAAC. These data sets are now available in the IMS and may be requested from the any of the DAAC's via the IMS.

Mah, G. R.↗

NASA NTRS2001

An Overview of SIMBIOS Project Activities and Accomplishments During FY00

In FY00, the Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Project brought a number of activities to fruition and laid the groundwork for new initiatives in FY01 of particular importance was ensuring that the SIMBIOS program was renewed and a new science team selected in FY00. With Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) continuing to perform well, the Terra platform and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) being launched in December 1999, and several other global missions scheduled for launch (e.g., the Aqua platform with a second MODIS (2001), the ENVISAT mission with the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (2001), and Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-2 with GLI and Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER)), the first real opportunities to merge global data sets can be pursued. NASA Headquarters did approve a three-year continuation of the science team under an NASA Research Announcement (NRA) and the Project Office. As it is taking some time for the MODIS team to work through the initial on-orbit processing issues, merger activities within the Project Office have been a low priority with most of the emphasis being on other program objectives which will provide a broader foundation and capabilities for working with multiple global data sets in the future. These activities and accomplishments are described.

Fargion, Giulietta S.↗

NASA NTRS2012

AXIOM: Advanced X-Ray Imaging Of the Magnetosheath

AXIOM (Advanced X-ray Imaging Of the Magnetosphere) is a concept mission which aims to explain how the Earth's magnetosphere responds to the changing impact of the solar wind using a unique method never attempted before; performing wide-field soft X-ray imaging and spectroscopy of the magnetosheath. magnetopause and bow shock at high spatial and temporal resolution. Global imaging of these regions is possible because of the solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) process which produces elevated soft X-ray emission from the interaction of high charge-state solar wind ions with primarily neutral hydrogen in the Earth's exosphere and near-interplanetary space.

Sembay, S.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

New VIIRS DNB Stray Light Correction Method

The Day/Night Band (DNB) broadband (500-900nm) imager is one of the sensors in the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on-board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and the NOAA-20 satellites, which are polar-orbiting and fly at about 830km above the surface of the Earth. Depending on the satellite location and the sensor viewing geometry, for a short period just before (or after) the satellite enters into (or emerges from) the shadow of the Earth, unwanted stray light, seemingly caused by the reflection of solar beam on the slightly exposed inner side of the leading (or trailing) nadir door, can enter the instrument and impose noticeable impacts to a narrow portion of DNB satellite images in every orbit. The impacted images can be modified to look normal, and the current DNB stray light correction algorithm empirically assigns corrections. There is also an alternative approach using image-processing techniques. Both methods rely mainly on the stray light impacted measurements. To simplify the approach and for better correction results, the new method presented in this paper incorporates the observed asymptotic nature of measurements surrounding the stray light impacted region by fitting to the drop off in sun light from day to night. The new method can be applied to the raw measurements in real-time, and it can help to advance our understanding of this special type of DNB stray light that happens over the polar regions

VIIRS↗

NASA NTRS2019

Thermal testing of a Mars 2020 enhanced engineering camera

The upcoming Mars 2020 rover mission is introducing a new generation of engineering cameras (ECAMs) called the enhanced engineering cameras (EECAMs), which have advanced imaging capability over the previous ECAMs used on the Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity rovers. The Mars 2020 rover will have nine EECAMs – six upgraded HazCams used for hazard avoidance, two upgraded NavCams used for navigation, and a single CacheCam used to take images of samples obtained by the rover’s Sampling and Caching Subsystem (SCS). The detailed EECAM design was completed in April 2017, and since then the EECAM Subsystem has been in the process of fabrication, integration, and testing. This paper describes two thermal tests that were done for thermal model correlation and validation of the EECAM thermal design during Mars surface operations.

Novak, Keith S.↗

NASA NTRS2018

Advanced Analytics and Big Earth Data

NASA's Earth Science Data Systems process, archive and distribute petabytes of Earth Observation data to a variety of end users. These end users will face dramatically increased data size in the near future, bringing about new challenges and opportunities in analyzing those data. One area of particular ferment currently is Machine Learning. Many Machine Learning methods are black boxes, limiting direct insight into the data's properties. However, they can be used for a variety of data enhancement purposes, such as parameter retrieval, data fusion and image classification and segmentation. The Earth Observing System Data and Information System is also evolving to host large data volumes in the cloud, enabling data proximal analysis. As part of this effort, an Analytics framework is being developed to support and enhance user analysis of the data. By using standards based services in the framework, diverse user communities can be served, while also allowing inter-system collaboration in the analysis process.

Cloud Computing↗

NASA NTRS1993

Climate Sensitivity Studies of the Greenland Ice Sheet Using Satellite AVHRR, SMMR, SSM/I and in Situ Data

The feasibility of using satellite data for climate research over the Greenland ice sheet is discussed. In particular, we demonstrate the usefulness of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Local Area Coverage (LAC) and Global Area Coverage (GAC) data for narrow-band albedo retrieval. Our study supports the use of lower resolution AVHRR (GAC) data for process studies over most of the Greenland ice sheet. Based on LAC data time series analysis, we can resolve relative albedo changes on the order of 2-5%. In addition, we examine Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave data for snow typing and other signals of climatological significance. Based on relationships between in situ measurements and horizontally polarized 19 and 37 GHz observations, wet snow regions are identified. The wet snow regions increase in aerial percentage from 9% of the total ice surface in June to a maximum of 26% in August 1990. Furthermore, the relationship between brightness temperatures and accumulation rates in the northeastern part of Greenland is described. We found a consistent increase in accumulation rate for the northeastern part of the ice sheet from 1981 to 1986.

Steffen, K.↗

NASA NTRS2003

The 2002 NASA Faculty Fellowship Program Research Reports

Contents include the following: System Identification of X-33. Neural Network Advanced Ceramic Technology for Space Applications at NASA MSFC. Developing a MATLAB-Based Tool for Visualization and Transformation. Subsurface Stress Fields in Single Crystal (Anisotropic). Contacts Our Space Future: A Challenge to the Conceptual Artist Concept Art for Presentation and Education. Identification and Characterization of Extremophile Microorganisms. Significant to Astrobiology. Mathematical Investigation of Gamma Ray and Neutron. Absorption Grid Patterns for Homeland Defense-Related Fourier Imaging Systems. The Potential of Microwave Radiation for Processing Martian Soil. Fuzzy Logic Trajectory Design and Guidance for Terminal Area.

Bland, J.↗

NASA NTRS2010

Algorithms for High-Speed Noninvasive Eye-Tracking System

Two image-data-processing algorithms are essential to the successful operation of a system of electronic hardware and software that noninvasively tracks the direction of a person s gaze in real time. The system was described in High-Speed Noninvasive Eye-Tracking System (NPO-30700) NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 31, No. 8 (August 2007), page 51. To recapitulate from the cited article: Like prior commercial noninvasive eyetracking systems, this system is based on (1) illumination of an eye by a low-power infrared light-emitting diode (LED); (2) acquisition of video images of the pupil, iris, and cornea in the reflected infrared light; (3) digitization of the images; and (4) processing the digital image data to determine the direction of gaze from the centroids of the pupil and cornea in the images. Most of the prior commercial noninvasive eyetracking systems rely on standard video cameras, which operate at frame rates of about 30 Hz. Such systems are limited to slow, full-frame operation. The video camera in the present system includes a charge-coupled-device (CCD) image detector plus electronic circuitry capable of implementing an advanced control scheme that effects readout from a small region of interest (ROI), or subwindow, of the full image. Inasmuch as the image features of interest (the cornea and pupil) typically occupy a small part of the camera frame, this ROI capability can be exploited to determine the direction of gaze at a high frame rate by reading out from the ROI that contains the cornea and pupil (but not from the rest of the image) repeatedly. One of the present algorithms exploits the ROI capability. The algorithm takes horizontal row slices and takes advantage of the symmetry of the pupil and cornea circles and of the gray-scale contrasts of the pupil and cornea with respect to other parts of the eye. The algorithm determines which horizontal image slices contain the pupil and cornea, and, on each valid slice, the end coordinates of the pupil and cornea. Information from multiple slices is then combined to robustly locate the centroids of the pupil and cornea images. The other of the two present algorithms is a modified version of an older algorithm for estimating the direction of gaze from the centroids of the pupil and cornea. The modification lies in the use of the coordinates of the centroids, rather than differences between the coordinates of the centroids, in a gaze-mapping equation. The equation locates a gaze point, defined as the intersection of the gaze axis with a surface of interest, which is typically a computer display screen (see figure). The expected advantage of the modification is to make the gaze computation less dependent on some simplifying assumptions that are sometimes not accurate

Talukder, Ashit↗

NASA NTRS1991

A cost-effective intelligent robotic system with dual-arm dexterous coordination and real-time vision

Dexterous coordination of manipulators based on the use of redundant degrees of freedom, multiple sensors, and built-in robot intelligence represents a critical breakthrough in development of advanced manufacturing technology. A cost-effective approach for achieving this new generation of robotics has been made possible by the unprecedented growth of the latest microcomputer and network systems. The resulting flexible automation offers the opportunity to improve the product quality, increase the reliability of the manufacturing process, and augment the production procedures for optimizing the utilization of the robotic system. Moreover, the Advanced Robotic System (ARS) is modular in design and can be upgraded by closely following technological advancements as they occur in various fields. This approach to manufacturing automation enhances the financial justification and ensures the long-term profitability and most efficient implementation of robotic technology. The new system also addresses a broad spectrum of manufacturing demand and has the potential to address both complex jobs as well as highly labor-intensive tasks. The ARS prototype employs the decomposed optimization technique in spatial planning. This technique is implemented to the framework of the sensor-actuator network to establish the general-purpose geometric reasoning system. The development computer system is a multiple microcomputer network system, which provides the architecture for executing the modular network computing algorithms. The knowledge-based approach used in both the robot vision subsystem and the manipulation control subsystems results in the real-time image processing vision-based capability. The vision-based task environment analysis capability and the responsive motion capability are under the command of the local intelligence centers. An array of ultrasonic, proximity, and optoelectronic sensors is used for path planning. The ARS currently has 18 degrees of freedom made up by two articulated arms, one movable robot head, and two charged coupled device (CCD) cameras for producing the stereoscopic views, and articulated cylindrical-type lower body, and an optional mobile base. A functional prototype is demonstrated.

Marzwell, Neville I.↗

NASA NTRS2018

The Advanced Spectral Library (ASTRAL): Reference Spectra for Evolved M Stars

The HST (Hubble Space Telescope) Treasury Program Advanced Spectral Library Project: Cool Stars was designed to collect representative, high-quality ultraviolet spectra of eight evolved F-M type cool stars. The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) echelle spectra of these objects enable investigations of a broad range of topics, including stellar and interstellar astrophysics. This paper provides a guide to the spectra of the two evolved M stars, the M2 Iab super giant alpha Ori and the M3.4 giant gamma Cru, with comparisons to the prototypical K1.5 giant alpha Boo. It includes identifications of the significant atomic and molecular emission and absorption features and discusses the character of the photospheric and chromospheric continua and line spectra. The fluorescent processes responsible for a large portion of the emission-line spectrum, the characteristics of the stellar winds, and the available diagnostics for hot and cool plasmas are also summarized. This analysis will facilitate the future study of the spectra, outer atmospheres, and winds, not only of these objects but of numerous other cool, low-gravity stars, for years to come.

M Stars↗

NASA NTRS2016

Post Launch Calibration and Testing of the Advanced Baseline Imager on the GOES-R Satellite

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R (GOES-R) series is the planned next generation of operational weather satellites for the United State's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The first launch of the GOES-R series is planned for October 2016. The GOES-R series satellites and instruments are being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). One of the key instruments on the GOES-R series is the Advance Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI is a multi-channel, visible through infrared, passive imaging radiometer. The ABI will provide moderate spatial and spectral resolution at high temporal and radiometric resolution to accurately monitor rapidly changing weather. Initial on-orbit calibration and performance characterization is crucial to establishing baseline used to maintain performance throughout mission life. A series of tests has been planned to establish the post launch performance and establish the parameters needed to process the data in the Ground Processing Algorithm. The large number of detectors for each channel required to provide the needed temporal coverage presents unique challenges for accurately calibrating ABI and minimizing striping. This paper discusses the planned tests to be performed on ABI over the six-month Post Launch Test period and the expected performance as it relates to ground tests.

Instrument↗

NASA NTRS2016

Post Launch Calibration and Testing of the Advanced Baseline Imager on the GOES-R Satellite

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R (GOES-R) series is the planned next generation of operational weather satellites for the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The first launch of the GOES-R series is planned for October 2016. The GOES-R series satellites and instruments are being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). One of the key instruments on the GOES-R series is the Advance Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI is a multi-channel, visible through infrared, passive imaging radiometer. The ABI will provide moderate spatial and spectral resolution at high temporal and radiometric resolution to accurately monitor rapidly changing weather. Initial on-orbit calibration and performance characterization is crucial to establishing baseline used to maintain performance throughout mission life. A series of tests has been planned to establish the post launch performance and establish the parameters needed to process the data in the Ground Processing Algorithm. The large number of detectors for each channel required to provide the needed temporal coverage presents unique challenges for accurately calibrating ABI and minimizing striping. This paper discusses the planned tests to be performed on ABI over the six-month Post Launch Test period and the expected performance as it relates to ground tests.

Instrument↗

NASA NTRS2016

Combining Passive Thermography and Acoustic Emission for Large Area Fatigue Damage Growth Assessment of a Composite Structure

Passive thermography and acoustic emission data were obtained for improved real time damage detection during fatigue loading. A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between acoustic energy event location and thermal heating, especially if the structure under load was nearing ultimate failure. An image processing routine was developed to map the acoustic emission data onto the thermal imagery. This required removing optical barrel distortion and angular rotation from the thermal data. The acoustic emission data were then mapped onto thermal data, revealing the cluster of acoustic emission event locations around the thermal signatures of interest. By combining both techniques, progression of damage growth is confirmed and areas of failure are identified. This technology provides improved real time inspections of advanced composite structures during fatigue testing.Keywords: Thermal nondestructive evaluation, fatigue damage detection, aerospace composite inspection, acoustic emission, passive thermography

Zalameda, Joseph N.↗

NASA NTRS2023

A GeoNEX-Based High-Spatiotemporal-Resolution Product of Land Surface Downward Shortwave Radiation and Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Surface downward shortwave radiation (DSR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) play critical roles in the Earth’s surface processes. As the main inputs of various ecological, hydrological, carbon, and solar photovoltaic models, increasing requirements for high-spatiotemporal-resolution DSR and PAR es- timation with high accuracy have been observed in recent years. However, few existing products satisfy all of these requirements. This study employed a well-established physical-based lookup table (LUT) approach to the GeoNEX gridded top-of-atmosphere bidirectional reflectance factor data acquired by the Advanced Hi- mawari Imager (AHI) and Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensors. It produced a data product of DSR and PAR over both AHI and ABI coverage at an hourly temporal step with a 1 km spatial resolution. GeoNEX DSR data were validated over 63 stations, and GeoNEX PAR data were validated over 27 stations. The vali- dation showed that the new GeoNEX DSR and PAR products have accuracy higher than other existing prod- ucts, with root mean square error (RMSE) of hourly GeoNEX DSR achieving 74.3Wm−2 (18.0%), daily DSR estimation achieving 18.0 W m−2 (9.2 %), hourly GeoNEX PAR achieving 34.9 W m−2 (19.6 %), and daily PAR achieving 9.5 W m−2 (10.5 %). The study also demonstrated the application of the high-spatiotemporal- resolution GeoNEX DSR product in investigating the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of surface solar radiation. The data product can be freely accessed through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division GeoNEX data portal: https://data.nas.nasa.gov/geonex/geonexdata/GOES16/GEONEX-L2/DSR-PAR/ (last ac- cess: 12 March 2023) and https://data.nas.nasa.gov/geonex/geonexdata/HIMAWARI8/GEONEX-L2/DSR-PAR/ (last access: 12 March 2023) (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7023863; Wang and Li, 2022).

Surface downward shortwave radiation (DSR)↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar - Lunar Investigations Targeted Experiment (SESAR-LITE)

The SESAR-LITE (Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar - Lunar Investigations Targeted Experiment) instrument is a compact P-band (70 cm wavelength) polarimetric synthetic aperture radar under development at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to measure the surface and subsurface of the Moon at full polarimetry and at meter-scale resolution. The radar will use a compact deployable antenna, distributed RF electronics, and multi-channel digital processing system to enable a set of focused mission goals for small payload opportunities. The instrument development is leveraging proven technology advancements recently developed and demonstrated at NASA Goddard Space Flight center for SESAR (Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar), a flagship version of the instrument that was tailored for larger orbital missions. The development of SESAR-LITE addresses accommodation flexibility on multiple launch vehicle families that require small packages while providing unprecedented surface and subsurface imaging of the Moon called for NASA’s Artemis program.

Synthetic Aperture Radar↗

NASA NTRS1982

Advanced technology for earth observation - Data processing

The Experimental Land Observing System (ELOS) is to demonstrate major advances in space-based land observation. Program success will depend upon successful demonstration of both space-segment performance and ground-system capabilities. Increases in data-rate, volume, and processing requirements present substantial challenges to the ground data processing system. ELOS is based on the utilization of the multispectral linear array (MLA) sensor, a solid-state, electronically scanned instrument. Current MLA instrument designs offer a number of capabilities beyond those provided in the Landsat imaging devices. These capabilities include greater resolution, inherent registration, onboard calibration, off-nadir pointing capability, and fore/aft pointing capability. The proposed MLA flight mission scenario will be one of continued growth and will include flights on the Space Transportation System. Attention is also given to ground-to-ground data transport, data capture, and the use of high speed computers.

Heffner, P.↗

NASA NTRS2004

Advanced Optical Diagnostic Methods for Describing Fuel Injection and Combustion Flowfield Phenomena

Over the past decade advanced optical diagnostic techniques have evolved and matured to a point where they are now widely applied in the interrogation of high pressure combusting flows. At NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), imaging techniques have been used successfully in on-going work to develop the next generation of commercial aircraft gas turbine combustors. This work has centered on providing a means by which researchers and designers can obtain direct visual observation and measurements of the fuel injection/mixing/combustion processes and combustor flowfield in two- and three-dimensional views at actual operational conditions. Obtaining a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical processes at the extreme operating conditions of the next generation of combustors is critical to reducing emissions and increasing fuel efficiency. To accomplish this and other tasks, the diagnostic team at GRC has designed and constructed optically accessible, high pressurer high temperature flame tubes and sectar rigs capable of optically probing the 20-60 atm flowfields of these aero-combustors. Among the techniques employed at GRC are planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) for imaging molecular species as well as liquid and gaseous fuel; planar light scattering (PLS) for imaging fuel sprays and droplets; and spontaneous Raman scattering for species and temperature measurement. Using these techniques, optical measurements never before possible have been made in the actual environments of liquid fueled gas turbines. 2-D mapping of such parameters as species (e.g. OH-, NO and kerosene-based jet fuel) distribution, injector spray angle, and fuel/air distribution are just some of the measurements that are now routinely made. Optical imaging has also provided prompt feedback to researchers regarding the effects of changes in the fuel injector configuration on both combustor performance and flowfield character. Several injector design modifications and improvements have resulted from this feedback. Alternate diagnostic methods are constantly being evaluated as to their suitability as a diagnostic tool in these environments. A new method currently under examination is background oriented Schlieren (BOS) for examining the fuel/air mixing processes. While ratioing the Stokes and anti-Stokes nitrogen lines obtained from spontaneous Raman is being refined for temperature measurement. While the primary focus of the GRC diagnostic work remains optical species measurement and flow stream characterization, an increased emphasis has been placed on our involvement in flame code validation efforts. A functional combustor code should shorten and streamline future combustor design. Quantitative measurements of flow parameters such as temperature, species concentration, drop size and velocity using such methods as Raman and phase Doppler anemometry will provide data necessary in this effort.

Locke, Randy J.↗