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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1996

Design of a Long-Stroke Noncontact Electromagnetic Actuator for Active Vibration Isolation

A long-stroke moving coil Lorentz Actuator was designed for use in a microgravity vibration isolation experiment. The final design had a stroke of 5.08 cm (2 in) and enough force capability to isolate a mass of the order of 22.7-45.4 kg. A simple dynamic magnetic circuit analysis, using an electrical analog, was developed for the initial design of the actuator. A neodymium-iron-boron material with energy density of 278 T-kA/m (35 MGOe) was selected to supply the magnetic field. The effect of changes in the design parameters of core diameter, shell outer diameter, pole face length, and coil wire layers were investigated. An extensive three-dimensional finite element analysis was carried out to accurately determine linearity with regard to axial position of the coil and coil current levels. The actuator was constructed and tested on a universal testing machine. Example plots are shown, indicating good linearity over the stroke of approximately 5.08 cm (2 in) and a range of coil currents from -1.5 A to +1.5 A. The actuator was then used for the microgravity vibration isolation experiments, described elsewhere.

Banerjee, Bibhuti↗
NASA NTRS2002

SD46 Facilities and Capabilities

The displays for the Materials Conference presents some of the facilities and capabilities in SD46 that can be useful to a prospective researcher from University, Academia or other government labs. Several of these already have associated personnel as principal and co-investigators on NASA peer reviewed science investigations. 1. SCN purification facility 2. ESL facility 3. Static and Dynamic magnetic field facility 4. Microanalysis facility 5. MSG Investigation - PFMI 6. Thermo physical Properties Measurement Capabilities.

Ramachandran, N.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Broadband Characterization of Stress Induced Anisotropy in Nanocomposite Co74.6Fe2.7Mn2.7Nb4Si2B14

We report on the broadband characterization of Co74:6Fe2:7Mn2:7Nb4Si2B14 (at%) melt-spun, soft magnetic alloy ribbons after various secondary processing treatments. Ribbons were investigated in the as-cast (melt-spun) condition, after annealing under stress at 50 - 200 MPa, and after transverse magnetic field (TMF) annealing. The magnetization dynamics of these materials have been studied from 10 - 60 GHz using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The in-plane uniaxial anisotropy was determined from the FMR data and permeability extracted for each condition. The permeability determined from broadband FMR was in good agreement with independently determined values using vibrating sample magnetometry and impedance spectrometry of toroidal cores. The effective damping parameter (α (sub ϱff)) of all the samples was close to 0.015 except for the TMF sample, which showed higher damping, possibly due to two magnon scattering.

Abhishek Srivastava↗
DOE OSTI2023

Strategies to perform magnetization reversals in ferromagnets

Systems and methods for reversing a magnetization in a ferromagnet include a nanometer-scale cylindrical ferromagnetic sample having a height to diameter aspect ratio on the order of 2 or greater. A temporally-varying external field comprising an r.f. Pi pulse is applied to the ferromagnetic sample to cause a precession magnetization vector inclined at an angle with respect to the longest axis of the ferromagnetic sample to continuously rotate around the longest axis. One or more parameters of the temporally-varying external field is continuously adjusted based on at least magnetization dynamics of the ferromagnetic sample and/or an angular dependence of a precession frequency of the ferromagnetic sample.

Ketterson, John B.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Dynamics of the magnetic shearing instability and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in accretion disks. 1: Vertical magnetic field

Recently, the magnetic shearing instability (MSI) has been proposed as a dynamical mechanism for angular momentum transport in accretion disks (Balbus & Hawley 1991; Hawley & Balbus 1991). In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of MSI modes in the presence of a vertical magnetic field B(sub 0) is discussed. In particular, the saturation levels of the fluctuating fields, the angular momentum flux, and the energy dissipation mechanism, are examined in detail. It is shown that MSI induces strong magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in a range of wavenumbers 1/H is less than K is less than or equal to Omega/V(sub A)(sub 0)), where H is the thickness, Omega is the rotation frequency of the disk, and V(sub A)(sub 0) is the Alfven velocity. Despite the fact that the linear growth rate of MSI is maximal at small-scale (i.e., k is approximately Omega/V(sub A(sub 0)), angular momentum transport due to MSI turbulence is dominated by the magnetic Reynolds stress driven by large-scale modes (k is approximately 1/H). It is shown that the amplitude of low k(sub r) MSI eddies is limited primarily by subscale shear flow instability. Thus, dominant MSI cells are quasi-isotropic. In a stationary state, the effective Shakura-Sunyaev 'alpha' value is predicted to be of order V(sub A)(sub 0)0/C(sub s). In addition, the veritcal magnetic-field-induced MSI cells convert vertical magnetic field B(sub 0) into azimuthal magnetic field B(sub theta) in the disk. The generation of azimuthal magnetic field in turn introduces new physical processes, such as dynamo activity and azimuthal MSI turbulence. We conclude that it is not possible to decouple vertical MSI saturation from azimuthal MSI evolution. Low-frequency MSI cells are shown to co-exist with high-frequency radial buoyancy or internal waves. We show that modulational interaction between waves on these two frequency ranges is usually weak in the case when mean magnetic field is vertical. Thus, MSI and internal wave dynamics must be treated on an equal footing.

Zhang, W.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Nonlinear dynamics of cold magnetized non-relativistic plasma in the presence of electron-ion collisions

A numerical study is presented of the nonlinear dynamics of a magnetized, cold, non-relativistic plasma, in the presence of electron-ion collisions. The ions are considered to be immobile while the electrons move with non-relativistic velocities. The primary interest is to study the effects of the collision parameter, external magnetic field strength, and the initial electromagnetic polarization on the evolution of the plasma system.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Ultrafast dynamics of localized magnetic moments in the unconventional Mott insulator Sr 2 IrO 4

Here, we report a time-resolved study of the ultrafast dynamics of the magnetic moments formed by the ${{J}_{\text{eff}}}=1/2$ states in Sr 2 IrO 4 by directly probing the localized iridium 5d magnetic state through resonant x-ray diffraction. Using optical pump–hard x-ray probe measurements, two relaxation time scales were determined: a fast fluence-independent relaxation is found to take place on a time scale of 1.5 ps, followed by a slower relaxation on a time scale of 500 ps–1.5 ns.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1992

Dynamic formation and magnetic support of loop or arcade prominences

The results of model dynamic simulations of the formation and support of a narrow prominence at the apex of a coronal magnetic loop or arcade are described. The condensation process proceeds via an initial radiative cooling and pressure drop, and a secondary siphon flow from the dense chromospheric ends. The antibuoyancy effect as the prominence forms causes a bending of a confining magnetic field, which propagates toward the semirigid ends of the magnetic loop. Thus, a wide magnetic 'hammock' or well (of a normal polarity Kippenhahn-Schlueter type) is formed, which supports the prominence at or near the field apex.

Vanhoven, Gerard↗
NASA NTRS2010

The Evolution of Open Magnetic Flux Driven by Photospheric Dynamics

The coronal magnetic field is of paramount importance in solar and heliospheric physics. Two profoundly different views of the coronal magnetic field have emerged. In quasi-steady models, the predominant source of open magnetic field is in coronal holes. In contrast, in the interchange model, the open magnetic flux is conserved, and the coronal magnetic field can only respond to the photospheric evolution via interchange reconnection. In this view the open magnetic flux diffuses through the closed, streamer belt fields, and substantial open flux is present in the streamer belt during solar minimum. However, Antiochos and co-workers, in the form of a conjecture, argued that truly isolated open flux cannot exist in a configuration with one heliospheric current sheet (HCS) - it will connect via narrow corridors to the polar coronal hole of the same polarity. This contradicts the requirements of the interchange model. We have performed an MHD simulation of the solar corona up to 20R solar to test both the interchange model and the Antiochos conjecture. We use a synoptic map for Carrington Rotation 1913 as the boundary condition for the model, with two small bipoles introduced into the region where a positive polarity extended coronal hole forms. We introduce flows at the photospheric boundary surface to see if open flux associated with the bipoles can be moved into the closed-field region. Interchange reconnection does occur in response to these motions. However, we find that the open magnetic flux cannot be simply injected into closed-field regions - the flux eventually closes down and disconnected flux is created. Flux either opens or closes, as required, to maintain topologically distinct open and closed field regions, with no indiscriminate mixing of the two. The early evolution conforms to the Antiochos conjecture in that a narrow corridor of open flux connects the portion of the coronal hole that is nearly detached by one of the bipoles. In the later evolution, a detached coronal hole forms, in apparent violation of the Antiochos conjecture. Further investigation reveals that this detached coronal hole is actually linked to the extended coronal hole by a separatrix footprint on the photosphere of zero width. Therefore, the essential idea of the conjecture is preserved, if we modify it to state that coronal holes in the same polarity region are always linked, either by finite width corridors or separatrix footprints. The implications of these results for interchange reconnection and the sources of the slow solar wind are briefly discussed.

Linker, Jon A.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Dynamics of Coupled Magnetic Vortices in Trilayer Conducting Nanocylinder

Solving numerically the generalized Landau–Lifshitz equation, we have carried out the micromagnetic investigation of the dynamics of two dipole-coupled magnetic vortices in a trilayer nanocolumn under the action of the external magnetic field directed perpendicular to the sample plane and spin-polarized electric field. The possible existence of different regimes of vortex motion, depending on the polarized current, is demonstrated. The current dependence of the oscillation frequency for the case of stationary dynamics of coupled vortices with the same frequency has been established. The possibility of controlling the frequency of the stationary vortex motion and tuning the control current amplitude by the external magnetic field is shown. Using the analytical method for simplified description of the dynamics of coupled vortices, the current and magnetic-field dependences of the frequency have been obtained, which are qualitatively consistent with the numerical data.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of Kinetic-Scale Current Filamentation Dynamics and Associated Magnetic Fields in Interpenetrating Plasmas

Here, we present the first local, quantitative measurements of ion current filamentation and magnetic field amplification in interpenetrating plasmas, characterizing the dynamics of the ion Weibel instability. The interaction of a pair of laser-generated, counterpropagating, collisionless, supersonic plasma flows is probed using optical Thomson scattering (TS). Analysis of the TS ion-feature revealed anticorrelated modulations in the density of the two ion streams at the spatial scale of the ion skin depth c/ω pi = 120 μm, and a correlated modulation in the plasma current. The inferred current profile implies a magnetic field amplitude ~30 ± 6 T , corresponding to ~1% of the flow kinetic energy, indicating that magnetic trapping is the dominant saturation mechanism.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Stochastic Dynamics of a Ferromagnetic Vortex Revealed by Single-Spin Magnetometry

We study the dynamics of a magnetic vortex in a permalloy disk, as it is switched between bistable pinning sites in the presence of room-temperature thermal noise. We use static and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr-effect microscopy to characterize the equilibrium and nonequilibrium motion of the vortex in response to a train of magnetic field pulses. The limitations of this approach due to inhomogeneous averaging are overcome by using a proximal nitrogen-vacancy spin in diamond to probe the final position of the vortex core following a single magnetic field pulse. Repeating this single-shot measurement, we characterize the probability of switching between two bistable pinning sites as a function of pulse time. Here, we develop a simple model of the stochastic vortex trajectory through the pinning sites’ basins of attraction to understand how the separate contributions of damping and dephasing result in the observed switching behavior.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Experimental platform for the investigation of magnetized-reverse-shock dynamics in the context of POLAR

The influence of a strong external magnetic field on the collimation of a high Mach number plasma flow and its collision with a solid obstacle is investigated experimentally and numerically. The laser irradiation ( $I\sim 2\times 10^{14}~\text{W}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$ ) of a multilayer target generates a shock wave that produces a rear side plasma expanding flow. Immersed in a homogeneous 10 T external magnetic field, this plasma flow propagates in vacuum and impacts an obstacle located a few mm from the main target. A reverse shock is then formed with typical velocities of the order of 15–20 $\pm$ 5 km/s. The experimental results are compared with 2D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the FLASH code. This platform allows investigating the dynamics of reverse shock, mimicking the processes occurring in a cataclysmic variable of polar type.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Self‐gated, dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with compressed‐sensing reconstruction for evaluating endothelial permeability in the aortic root of atherosclerotic mice

High‐risk atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by active inflammation and abundant leaky microvessels. We present a self‐gated, dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) acquisition with compressed sensing reconstruction and apply it to assess longitudinal changes in endothelial permeability in the aortic root of Apoe −/− atherosclerotic mice during natural disease progression. Twenty‐four, 8‐week‐old, female Apoe −/− mice were divided into four groups (n = 6 each) and imaged with self‐gated DCE‐MRI at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after high‐fat diet initiation, and then euthanized for CD68 immunohistochemistry for macrophages. Eight additional mice were kept on a high‐fat diet and imaged longitudinally at the same time points. Aortic‐root pseudo‐concentration curves were analyzed using a validated piecewise linear model. Contrast agent wash‐in and washout slopes ( b 1 and b 2 ) were measured as surrogates of aortic root endothelial permeability and compared with macrophage density by immunohistochemistry. b 2 , indicating contrast agent washout, was significantly higher in mice kept on an high‐fat diet for longer periods of time ( p = 0.03). Group comparison revealed significant differences between mice on a high‐fat diet for 4 versus 16 weeks ( p = 0.03). Macrophage density also significantly increased with diet duration ( p = 0.009). Spearman correlation between b 2 from DCE‐MRI and macrophage density indicated a weak relationship between the two parameters (r = 0.28, p = 0.20). Validated piecewise linear modeling of the DCE‐MRI data showed that the aortic root contrast agent washout rate is significantly different during disease progression. Further development of this technique from a single‐slice to a 3D acquisition may enable better investigation of the relationship between in vivo imaging of endothelial permeability and atherosclerotic plaques' genetic, molecular, and cellular makeup in this important model of disease.

Calcagno, Claudia↗
DOE OSTI2015

ALICE—An advanced reflectometer for static and dynamic experiments in magnetism at synchrotron radiation facilities

We report on significant developments of a high vacuum reflectometer (diffractometer) and spectrometer for soft x-ray synchrotron experiments which allows conducting a wide range of static and dynamic experiments. Although the chamber named ALICE was designed for the analysis of magnetic hetero- and nanostructures via resonant magnetic x-ray scattering, the instrument is not limited to this technique. The versatility of the instrument was testified by a series of pilot experiments. Static measurements involve the possibility to use scattering and spectroscopy synchrotron based techniques (photon-in photon-out, photon-in electron-out, and coherent scattering). Dynamic experiments require either laser or magnetic field pulses to excite the spin system followed by x-ray probe in the time domain from nano- to femtosecond delay times. In this temporal range, the demagnetization/remagnetization dynamics and magnetization precession in a number of magnetic materials (metals, alloys, and magnetic multilayers) can be probed in an element specific manner. We demonstrate here the capabilities of the system to host a variety of experiments, featuring ALICE as one of the most versatile and demanded instruments at the Helmholtz Center in Berlin-BESSY II synchrotron center in Berlin, Germany.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Equilibria, dynamics, and current sheet formation in magnetically confined coronae

The dynamics of magnetic fields in closed regions of solar and stellar coronae are investigated with a reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model in the framework of the Parker scenario for coronal heating. A novel analysis of reduced MHD equilibria shows that their magnetic fields have an asymmetric structure in the axial direction with variation length scale z{sub ℓ} ∼ ℓB{sub 0}/b, where B{sub 0} is the intensity of the strong axial guide field, b that of the orthogonal magnetic field component, and ℓ the scale of b. Equilibria are then quasi-invariant along the axial direction for variation scales larger than approximatively the loop length z{sub ℓ} ≳ L{sub z}, and increasingly more asymmetric for smaller variation scales z{sub ℓ} ≲ L{sub z}. The critical length z{sub ℓ} ∼ L{sub z} corresponds to the magnetic field intensity threshold b ∼ ℓB{sub 0}/L{sub z}. Magnetic fields stressed by photospheric motions cannot develop strong axial asymmetries. Therefore, fields with intensities below such a threshold evolve quasi-statically, readjusting to a nearby equilibrium, without developing nonlinear dynamics or dissipating energy. But stronger fields cannot access their corresponding asymmetric equilibria; hence, they are out of equilibrium and develop nonlinear dynamics. The subsequent formation of current sheets and energy dissipation is necessary for the magnetic field to relax to equilibrium, since dynamically accessible equilibria have variation scales larger than the loop length z{sub ℓ} ≳ L{sub z}, with intensities smaller than the threshold b ≲ ℓB{sub 0}/L{sub z}. The dynamical implications for magnetic fields of interest to solar and stellar coronae are investigated numerically and the impact on coronal physics discussed.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗