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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2014

Mode Transitions in Magnetically Shielded Hall Effect Thrusters

A mode transition study is conducted in magnetically shielded thrusters where the magnetic field magnitude is varied to induce mode transitions. Three different oscillatory modes are identified with the 20-kW NASA-300MS-2 and the 6-kW H6MS: Mode 1) global mode similar to unshielded thrusters at low magnetic fields, Mode 2) cathode oscillations at nominal magnetic fields, and Mode 3) combined spoke, cathode and breathing mode oscillations at high magnetic fields. Mode 1 exhibits large amplitude, low frequency (1-10 kHz), breathing mode type oscillations where discharge current mean value and oscillation amplitude peak. The mean discharge current is minimized while thrust-to-power and anode efficiency are maximized in Mode 2, where higher frequency (50-90 kHz), low amplitude, cathode oscillations dominate. Thrust is maximized in Mode 3 and decreases by 5-6% with decreasing magnetic field strength. The presence or absence of spokes and strong cathode oscillations do not affect each other or discharge current. Similar to unshielded thrusters, mode transitions and plasma oscillations affect magnetically shielded thruster performance and should be characterized during system development.

Ground Tests↗
DOE OSTI2014

The surface nitrogen abundance of a massive star in relation to its oscillations, rotation, and magnetic field

We have composed a sample of 68 massive stars in our galaxy whose projected rotational velocity, effective temperature, and gravity are available from high-precision spectroscopic measurements. The additional seven observed variables considered here are their surface nitrogen abundance, rotational frequency, magnetic field strength, and the amplitude and frequency of their dominant acoustic and gravity modes of oscillation. A multiple linear regression to estimate the nitrogen abundance combined with principal component analysis, after addressing the incomplete and truncated nature of the data, reveals that the effective temperature and the frequency of the dominant acoustic oscillation mode are the only two significant predictors for the nitrogen abundance, while the projected rotational velocity and the rotational frequency have no predictive power. The dominant gravity mode and the magnetic field strength are correlated with the effective temperature but have no predictive power for the nitrogen abundance. Our findings are completely based on observations and their proper statistical treatment and call for a new strategy in evaluating the outcome of stellar evolution computations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1977

Solar oscillations

The main observational results and related theoretical investigations concerning solar oscillations are reviewed. The normal modes of oscillation of the sun are classified according to their angular eigenvalues and the number of their radial nodes. Observations of excited normal modes are discussed, particularly in relation to five-minute oscillations, nonlinearly coupled unstable g-modes, oscillations of the sun's apparent diameter, and reported oscillations of the solar surface with a period of 2 hr 40 min. Linear stability calculations are briefly examined, and stochastic excitation of p-modes by turbulent convection is considered. The five-minute oscillations are described as the superposition of many excited nonradial p-modes.

Goldreich, P.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simulations of vertical displacement oscillatory modes and global Alfvén Eigenmodes in JET geometry

Vertical Displacement Oscillatory Modes (VDOM), with frequency in the Alfvén range, are natural modes of oscillation of magnetically confined laboratory plasmas with elongated cross-section. These axisymmetric modes arise from the interaction between the plasma current, which is in equilibrium with currents flowing in external coils, and perturbed currents induced on a nearby conducting wall. The restoring force exerted by these perturbed currents on the vertical motion of the plasma column leads to its oscillatory behavior. An analytic model for VDOM was proposed based on an idealized 'straight tokamak' equilibrium with uniform equilibrium current density. This article introduces the first numerical simulations of VDOM in a realistic JET tokamak configuration, using the extended-MHD code NIMROD and drawing comparisons with Global Alfvén Eigenmodes (GAE). The results show qualitative agreement with analytic predictions regarding mode frequency and radial structure, supporting the identification of VDOM as a fundamental oscillation mode in tokamak plasmas. VDOM and GAE are modeled in a representative JET discharge, where axisymmetric perturbations with toroidal mode number n = 0 driven unstable by fast ions were observed. The two modes are examined separately using a forced oscillator within the NIMROD code, which enables a comparison of their characteristics and helps identify the experimentally observed mode possibly as a GAE.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Purification of the output modes of overmoded relativistic backward wave oscillators

Successful suppression of mode competition in the beam-wave interaction process of overmoded relativistic backward wave oscillators (RBWOs) cannot ensure the output modes purity. Optimizing the magnitude and the phase of the mode conversion coefficients in the devices is significant for purifying the output modes. A universal method of purifying the TM{sub 01} and TM{sub 02} mixed modes output by overmoded RBWOs without decreasing the total output power is presented in this paper. With this method, we purify the TM{sub 01} and TM{sub 02} mixed modes generated in an X-band overmoded RBWO (D/λ ≈ 2.6) operated at the constant diode voltage of 730 kV. Dependence of modes purification effect on the variation of diode voltage is also analyzed in particle-in-cell simulation. Our analysis indicates that when the diode voltage is in the range of (730 ± 60) kV, the percentage of output power carried by TM{sub 01} mode will be higher than 95%.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1982

Observation of additional low-degree 5-min modes of solar oscillation

High-order solar oscillations with degrees l=3, 4, and 5 could be detected. The observations were made by measuring the difference between the shifts in the Fe 5,124 spectrum line from light integrated from a central circular portion of the solar disk and from an annular portion exterior to it. The frequencies of the octupole modes agree well with the values obtained from whole-disk measurements at the South Pole. A least-squares fit of the observed frequencies to values interpolated between and extrapolated from the predictions of a sequence of solar models with different chemical compositions selects two models. One, a helium-rich solution, agrees with that of similar analyses of whole-disk data. The extrapolated solution has a relatively deep convection zone, and is thus consistent with analyses of 5-min oscillations of high degree.

Scherrer, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Diskoseismology: Probing accretion disks. I - Trapped adiabatic oscillations

The normal modes of acoustic oscillations within thin accretion disks which are terminated by an innermost stable orbit around a slowly rotating black hole or weakly magnetized compact neutron star are analyzed. The dominant relativistic effects which allow modes to be trapped within the inner region of the disk are approximated via a modified Newtonian potential. A general formalism is developed for investigating the adiabatic oscillations of arbitrary unperturbed disk models. The generic behavior is explored by way of an expansion of the Lagrangian displacement about the plane of symmetry and by assuming separable solutions with the same radial wavelength for the horizontal and vertical perturbations. The lowest eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of a particular set of radial and quadrupole modes which have minimum motion normal for the plane are obtained. These modes correspond to the standard dispersion relation of disk theory.

Nowak, Michael A.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Visualization of the Mode Shapes of Pressure Oscillation in a Cylindrical Cavity

Our work describes a novel experimental method to visualize the mode shapes of pressure oscillation in a cylindrical cavity. Acoustic resonance in a cavity is a grand old problem that has been under investigation (using both analytical and numerical methods) for more than a century. In this article, a novel method based on high speed imaging of combustion chemiluminescence was presented to visualize the mode shapes of pressure oscillation in a cylindrical cavity. By generating high-temperature combustion gases and strong pressure waves simultaneously in a cylindrical cavity, the pressure oscillation can be inferred due to the chemiluminescence emissions of the combustion products. We can then visualized the mode shapes by reconstructing the images based on the amplitudes of the luminosity spectrum at the corresponding resonant frequencies. Up to 11 resonant mode shapes were clearly visualized, each matching very well with the analytical solutions.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1987

Solar irradiance change and special longitudes due to r-modes

Sluggish global oscillations, having a periodicity of months and trapped in the sun's convection zone, modulate the amount of energy reaching earth and seem to impose some large-scale order on the distribution of solar surface features. These recently recognized oscillations (r-modes) increase the predictability of solar changes and may improve understanding of rotation and variability in other stars. Most of the 13 periodicities ranging from 13 to 85 days that are caused by r-modes can be detected in Nimbus 7 observations of solar irradiance during 3 years at solar maximum. These modes may also bear on the classical question of persistent longitudes of high solar activity.

Wolff, Charles L.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Asteroseismic Inversions of Mixed Acoustic-Gravity Modes to Probe the Stellar Core Structure

The discovery of mixed acoustic-gravity modes of oscillations of moderate mass stars opens a unique opportunity to infer the structure of the inner energy-generating cores and thus test the stellar evolution theory. The mixed modes have properties of internal gravity waves (g-modes) in the convectively stable helium core and properties of acoustic modes outside the core. We select several sets of the oscillation mode frequencies in the mass range from about 1.3 to 1.6 solar masses from the Kepler Legacy database, and apply the optimally localized averaging inversion technique previously developed for low-degree helioseismology. The inversion technique takes into account the uncertainties in the determination of the mass and radius of the stars, as well as the surface effects. The methodology provides sensitivity kernels for various structure properties, including the sound speed, density, and Ledoux parameter of convective stability, and, thus, the direct relationship between the stellar properties and the deviation of observed frequencies from the reference models. The inversion results reveal significant deviations in the core structure from the reference models calculated using the MESA evolutionary code for the stellar parameters obtained by the asteroseismic model grid fitting. Our analysis shows that the best resolution of the inner helium core and surrounding shell is achieved in inversions for the Ledoux parameter.

SMD↗
NASA NTRS1972

Determination of decay coefficients for combustors with acoustic absorbers

An analytical technique for the calculation of linear decay coefficients in combustors with acoustic absorbers is presented. Tuned circumferential slot acoustic absorbers were designed for the first three transverse modes of oscillation, and decay coefficients for these absorbers were found as a function of backing distance for seven different chamber configurations. The effectiveness of the absorbers for off-design values of the combustion response and acoustic mode is also investigated. Results indicate that for tuned absorbers the decay coefficient increases approximately as the cube of the backing distance. For most off-design situations the absorber still provides a damping effect. However, if an absorber designed for some higher mode of oscillation is used to damp lower mode oscillations, a driving effect is frequently found.

Mitchell, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1988

The search for solar gravity modes

A solar oscillations observing program of more than 13 yr is reviewed. The observations are most sensitive to low degree solar modes and were used for the study of long period p-mode and g-mode oscillations. At the start of the 1987 observing season (summer) long-standing problems with the instrument were corrected which (along with good weather) allowed the cleanest set of data to date. The search for evidence of g-modes in this data is described. Analysis of this data shows good evidence for g-modes. Various methods were used for mode identification with a statistical search for a simple pattern of even spacing in period selected as the most robust. Using this method, a possible g-mode identification was made with an asymptotic period separation T0 = 37.1 min. This identification is consistent with a rotation splitting of 1.6 MicroHz. Tests with randomly generated spectral peaks find as significant a possible set of modes in only 2 out of 100 cases.

Henning, Harald M.↗
DOE OSTI2013

On BWR regional oscillations with rotational symmetry line using SIMULATE-3K

A new stability analysis methodology is being developed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) using the best-estimate coupled neutronic/thermal- hydraulics code, SIMULATE-3K (S3K). This methodology has so far been validated against Leibstadt NPP (KKL) stability tests of C10, C13 and C19, which all show global (in-phase) oscillations. However, the methodology has not yet been validated for regional instabilities and to that aim, a special KKL cycle 07 stability test was selected. Indeed, during this test, the core not only showed growing power oscillation amplitudes in an out-of-phase regime but also an oscillating and rotating symmetry line. Thereby, it was selected in order to verify the S3K capability to predict regional instabilities and on that basis, obtain more insights towards understanding the causes for the oscillatory and rotational behaviour of symmetry lines. The results obtained so far are presented in this paper. First, it is found that the S3K results are in good agreement with measurements both qualitatively and quantitatively, although the resonance frequency is slightly over-predicted. Secondly, the excitation of the out-of-phase mode with oscillations as well as rotation of the symmetry line is also well captured i.e. in accordance to the experimental observations. Related to this, an in-depth analysis of LPRM signals indicates that two out-of-phase oscillation modes associated to two azimuthal neutronic modes are simultaneously excited. Furthermore, it is found that a superposition of these two modes will trigger the symmetry line dynamics and that the behaviour will be guided by the dominance ratio between these two modes. More precisely, the oscillatory behaviour is due to the superposition of the two azimuthal modes but with one dominant mode. The rotational behaviour is however due to the superposition of the two modes with comparable strengths. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
NASA NTRS1983

Quantum/classical mode evolution in free electron laser oscillators

The problem of oscillator evolution and mode competition in free electron lasers is studied. Relativistic quantum field theory is used to calculate electron wave functions, the angular distribution of spontaneous emission, and the transition rates for stimulated emission and absorption in each mode. The photon rate equation for the weakfield regime is presented. This rate equation is applied to oscillator evolution with a conventional undulator, a two-stage optical klystron, and a tapered undulator. The effects of noise are briefly discussed.

Bosco, P.↗