Report on an examination of the spectral energy distribution in the nasa cleveland solar simulators
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Hopf analytical solution for values of ratio of gray absorption coefficients for insolating and escaping radiation /greenhouse parameter/ assumed constant at all depths, presenting temperature distribution graphs
Computation of equilibrium temperature distributional function of finned cylinder in sun radiation field using variant of successive approximation method
Longitude distribution of solar proton flares as function of recurrence period
Radio Astronomy Explorer satellite radiometer system for measuring spectral energy distribution of solar bursts
Organic molecules synthesis by physical agencies, discussing chemical and organic evolution, nature and distribution in solar system and abiotic laboratory synthesis
Test equipment, immersion tests, and spectral distribution of solar simulator for studying effects of electrostatic rocket exhaust impingement on spacecraft
Time variations of energetic electron and solar proton distributions in inner radiation belt
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The LLL energetic electron and proton spectrometer on NASA's Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5 (OGO-5) operated successfully from launch - March 4, 1968 - until retirement in August 1971. Data recovery during this time was about 95% of the orbit except for the last few months. The electron spectrometer used a magnetic field for electron momentum selection which served also as an electron broom for a proton range - energy telescope. The energy range was approximately 60 to 2950 keV for electrons (seven channels) and 0.10 to approximately 94 MeV for protons (seven channels). The experiment was scanned relative to the stabilized OGO-5 for obtaining directional information. Excellent data were taken throughout the magnetosphere and in the interplanetary region. Studies were carried out in the areas of equatorial pitch-angle distributions, substorm dynamics and field topology, particle spectra (time history), particle spatial distributions, and solar particle events.
The irradiance of Titan has been measured from 0.50 to 1.08 micron in 30 A bandpasses spaced 0.01 to 0.02 micron apart. Geometric albedos have been computed at the wavelengths of measurement using a standard solar flux distribution after Labs and Neckel (1967). The maximum value of p sub lambda (0) is 0.37 at 0.68, 0.75, and 0.834 micron; the minimum value, in the centers of the strongest methane absorption bands, is 0.10 at 0.887 and 1.012 micron. The brightness of Titan at the time of the present measurements has been compared with that of previous modern photoelectric measurements. Within the apparent consistency of the different photoelectric systems, the brightness of Titan appears to undergo changes with time.
Results are given of a study of the intensities, energy spectra, and angular distribution of energetic particles in the magnetosphere of Jupiter; the heliocentric radial gradient of the intensity of galactic cosmic rays; and the occurrence, intensity, and angular distribution of solar flare particles and their propagation through the interplanetary medium at large heliocentric distances.
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The author has identified the following significant results. The vegetation structure of rice was investigated and interpreted in dynamic terms as a significant factor governing the distribution of solar energy thoughout the canopy and therefore conditions the final yield. Radiometric characteristics of rice culture were described for various stages of development in relation to the vegetation structure in an attempt to establish correlations between data of total biomass and of grain yield. Qualitative classification results were encouraging although the discrimination achieved was far from complete.
The spatial organization of the observed photospheric magnetic field as well as its relation to the polarity of the IMF have been studied using high resolution magnetograms from the Kitt Peak National Observatory. Systematic patterns in the large scale field are due to contributions from both concentrated flux and more diffuse flux. The polarity of the photospheric field, determined on various spatial scales, correlates with the polarity of the IMF. Analyses based on several spatial scales in the photosphere suggest that new flux in the interplanetary medium is often due to relatively small photospheric features which appear in the photosphere up to one month before they are manifest at the earth.
A quasi-steady model of global lower atmospheric electricity is presented. The model considers thunderstorms as dipole electric generators that can be randomly distributed in various regions and that are the only source of atmospheric electricity and includes the effects of orography and electrical coupling along geomagnetic field lines in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The model is used to calculate the global distribution of electric potential and current for model conductivities and assumed spatial distributions of thunderstorms. Results indicate that large positive electric potentials are generated over thunderstorms and penetrate to ionospheric heights and into the conjugate hemisphere along magnetic field lines. The perturbation of the calculated electric potential and current distributions during solar flares and subsequent Forbush decreases is discussed, and future measurements of atmospheric electrical parameters and modifications of the model which would improve the agreement between calculations and measurements are suggested.
Point focus and line focus distributed receiver solar thermal technology for the production of electric power and of industrial process heat is addressed. Concentrator, receiver, and power conversion development are covered along with hardware tests and evaluation. Mass production costing, parabolic dish applications, and trough and bowl systems are included.