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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Two-current model of the composition dependence of resistivity in amorphous (Fe100-xCox)(89-y)Zr7B4Cuy alloys using a rigid-band assumption

Composition dependence of resistivity is studied in amorphous (Fe100-xCox)(89-y)Zr7B4Cuy (0 <= x <= 50, y = 0, 1) alloys. The two-current model proposed by Mott for crystalline materials is extended to a disordered amorphous system where s-d scattering is dominant in electron conduction. A rigid-band assumption is made due to the small atomic number difference between Fe and Co. Band structures with a constant density of states (DOS), parabolic distributed DOS, and Gaussian distributed DOS were investigated to fit experimental data. The Gaussian distributed DOS was found to simulate the resistivity maximum and magnetic moment maximum in the Fe-rich region. The basic concepts presented here can potentially provide insight into the optimization of FeCo-based HITPERM alloys for applications at increased frequencies. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4765673]

Shen, S↗
NASA NTRS1981

Statistical model to perform error analysis of curve fits of wind tunnel test data using the techniques of analysis of variance and regression analysis

The considered research had the objective to design a statistical model that could perform an error analysis of curve fits of wind tunnel test data using analysis of variance and regression analysis techniques. Four related subproblems were defined, and by solving each of these a solution to the general research problem was obtained. The capabilities of the evolved true statistical model are considered. The least squares fit is used to determine the nature of the force, moment, and pressure data. The order of the curve fit is increased in order to delete the quadratic effect in the residuals. The analysis of variance is used to determine the magnitude and effect of the error factor associated with the experimental data.

Alston, D. W.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition in epitaxial SrRuO{sub 3} ultrathin films

Transport characteristics of ultrathin SrRuO{sub 3} films, deposited epitaxially on TiO{sub 2}-terminated SrTiO{sub 3} (001) single-crystal substrates, were studied as a function of film thickness. Evolution from a metallic to an insulating behavior is observed as the film thickness decreases from 20 to 4 unit cells. In films thicker than 4 unit cells, the transport behavior obeys the Drude low temperature conductivity with quantum corrections, which can be attributed to weak localization. Fitting the data with 2-dimensional localization model indicates that electron-phonon collisions are the main inelastic relaxation mechanism. In the film of 4 unit cells in thickness, the transport behavior follows variable range hopping model, indicating a strongly localized state. Magnetoresistance measurements reveal a likely magnetic anisotropy with the magnetic easy axis along the out-of-plane direction.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Scalable Programming Workflows for Validation of Quantum Computers

Hybrid quantum-classical workflows have become standard methods for executing variational algorithms and other quantum simulation techniques, which are key applications for noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers. Validating these simulations is an important task which helps gauge the progress of quantum computer development, and classical simulation can serve as a tool to this end. Both exact and more scalable approximate methods with quantifiable error bounds can be used in validation tasks where the applicable metrics include the distance from a calculable ground truth, the quality of an error model fit to data, etc. Here we present a library extension that includes methods for validation of quantum simulations based on scalable hybrid workflows executable on high performance computers. We provide examples that use approximate methods based on tensor networks and stabilizer simulators to bound the error of quantum simulations on NISQ hardware.

Nguyen, Thien↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electron energy partition in the ‘above-the-looptop’ solar hard X-ray sources

The presentation begins by considering the non-thermal fraction of electron energies (R ε ) in 'above-the-looptop' (ALT). Several spectral models area considered: isothermal model, power-law, and the newly derived kappa distribution. Technically, all 3 non-thermal models can fit the data. In the discussion of flare scenario, energy partition, energization mechanism, and collisionality are considered. It is concluded that the kappa distribution works (R ε ≲ 50%), magnetic reconnection scenario works, and Coulomb collisions may reduce the non-thermal fraction of electron energies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Inferred Cosmic-Ray Spectrum from Fermi Large Area Telescope γ -Ray Observations of Earth’s Limb

Accurate measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) species by ATIC-2, CREAM, and PAMELA recently reveal an unexpected hardening in the proton and He spectra above a few hundred GeV, a gradual softening of the spectra just below a few hundred GeV, and a harder spectrum of He compared to that of protons. These newly discovered features may offer a clue to the origin of high-energy CRs. Here, we use the Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the γ -ray emission from Earth’s limb for an indirect measurement of the local spectrum of CR protons in the energy range ~ 90 GeV – 6 TeV (derived from a photon energy range 15 GeV–1 TeV). Our analysis shows that single power law and broken power law spectra fit the data equally well and yield a proton spectrum with index 2.68 ± 0.04 and 2.61 ± 0.08 above ~ 200 GeV , respectively.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

DETECTION OF LENSING SUBSTRUCTURE USING ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE DUSTY GALAXY SDP.81

We study the abundance of substructure in the matter density near galaxies using ALMA Science Verification observations of the strong lensing system SDP.81. We present a method to measure the abundance of subhalos around galaxies using interferometric observations of gravitational lenses. Using simulated ALMA observations we explore the effects of various systematics, including antenna phase errors and source priors, and show how such errors may be measured or marginalized. We apply our formalism to ALMA observations of SDP.81. We find evidence for the presence of a M = 10{sup 8.96±0.12} M {sub ⊙} subhalo near one of the images, with a significance of 6.9 σ in a joint fit to data from bands 6 and 7; the effect of the subhalo is also detected in both bands individually. We also derive constraints on the abundance of dark matter (DM) subhalos down to M ∼ 2 × 10{sup 7} M {sub ⊙}, pushing down to the mass regime of the smallest detected satellites in the Local Group, where there are significant discrepancies between the observed population of luminous galaxies and predicted DM subhalos. We find hints of additional substructure, warranting further study using the full SDP.81 data set (including, for example, the spectroscopic imaging of the lensed carbon monoxide emission). We compare the results of this search to the predictions of ΛCDM halos, and find that given current uncertainties in the host halo properties of SDP.81, our measurements of substructure are consistent with theoretical expectations. Observations of larger samples of gravitational lenses with ALMA should be able to improve the constraints on the abundance of galactic substructure.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

A Lagrangian effective field theory

We have continued the development of Lagrangian, cosmological perturbation theory for the low-order correlators of the matter density field. We provide a new route to understanding how the effective field theory (EFT) of large-scale structure can be formulated in the Lagrandian framework and a new resummation scheme, comparing our results to earlier work and to a series of high-resolution N-body simulations in both Fourier and configuration space. The `new' terms arising from EFT serve to tame the dependence of perturbation theory on small-scale physics and improve agreement with simulations (though with an additional free parameter). We find that all of our models fare well on scales larger than about two to three times the non-linear scale, but fail as the non-linear scale is approached. This is slightly less reach than has been seen previously. At low redshift the Lagrangian model fares as well as EFT in its Eulerian formulation, but at higher z the Eulerian EFT fits the data to smaller scales than resummed, Lagrangian EFT. Furthermore, all the perturbative models fare better than linear theory.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

PREDICTING WATER ACTIVITY IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS WITH THE CISTERNAS-LAM MODEL

Water activity is an important parameter needed to predict the solubility of hydrated salts in Hanford nuclear waste supernatants. A number of models available in the scientific literature predict water activity from electrolyte solution composition. The Cisternas-Lam model is one of those models and has several advantages for nuclear waste application. One advantage is that it has a single electrolyte specific parameter that is temperature independent. Thus, this parameter can be determined from very limited data and extrapolated widely. The Cisternas-Lam model has five coefficients that are used for all aqueous electrolytes. The present study aims to determine if there is a substantial improvement in making all six coefficients electrolyte specific. The Cisternas-Lam model was fit to data for six major electrolytes in Hanford nuclear waste supernatants. The model was first fit to all data to determine the five global coefficients, when they were held constant for all electrolytes it yielded a substantially better fit. Subsequently, the model was fit to each electrolyte dataset separately, where all six coefficients were allowed to be electrolyte specific. Treating all six coefficients as electrolyte specific did not make sufficient difference, given the complexity of applying the electrolyte specific parameters to multi-solute systems. Revised water specific parameters, optimized to the electrolytes relevant to Hanford waste, are also reported.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2012

CHEMICAL MODELING OF INFRARED DARK CLOUDS: THE ROLE OF SURFACE CHEMISTRY

We simulate the chemistry of infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) with a model in which the physical conditions are homogeneous and time independent. The chemistry is solved as a function of time with three networks: one purely gas phase, one that includes accretion and desorption, and one, the complete gas-grain network, that includes surface chemistry in addition. We compare our results with observed molecular abundances for two representative IRDCs-IRDC013.90-1 and IRDC321.73-1-using the molecular species N{sub 2}H{sup +}, HC{sub 3}N, HNC, HCO{sup +}, HCN, C{sub 2}H, NH{sub 3}, and CS. IRDC013.90-1 is a cold IRDC, with a temperature below 20 K, while IRDC321.73-1 is somewhat warmer, in the range 20-30 K. We find that the complete gas-grain model fits the data very well, but that the goodness of fit is not sharply peaked at a particular temperature. Surface processes are important for the explanation of the high gas-phase abundance of N{sub 2}H{sup +} in IRDC321.73-1. The general success of the zero-dimensional model in reproducing single-dish observations of our limited sample of eight species shows that it is probably sufficient for an explanation of this type of data. To build and justify more complicated models, including spatial temperature and density structure, contraction, and heating, we require high-resolution interferometric data.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modification of conventional peak shapes to accurately represent spectral asymmetry: High-Resolution X-ray photoelectron spectra of [C 4 C 1 Pyrr][NTf 2 ] and [C 8 C 1 Im][NTf 2 ] ionic liquids

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most widely used techniques for surface characterization. Analysis of XPS data is challenging and requires the analyst to fit the data with synthetic line shapes to reach physically meaningful interpretations. Experimental spectral envelopes, however, are complex and display asymmetric features that are often ignored or attributed to additional chemical components. The high-resolution XPS spectra of [C 4 C 1 Pyrr][NTf 2 ] and [C 8 C 1 Im][NTf 2 ] all exhibit a degree of asymmetry which is systematically observed at the higher binding energy side of photoemission envelopes. Here, we present the development of a refined fitting procedure for XPS spectra of these ionic liquid-based systems which include (a) Shirley background offset necessary to account for the insulator-like region and (b) spectral asymmetry in C 1s and N 1s regions. Further, Shirley and trapezoid components are applied to compensate for inelastic scattering taking place during electron transitions as high as 7.8 eV above the start of the fitting region in C 1s high-resolution spectrum. To demonstrate the fitness of this model, we present an analysis of a 2:1 mixture of [C 4 C 1 Pyrr][NTf 2 ]: [C 8 C 1 Im][NTf 2 ].

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

On the decaying-sterile-neutrino solution to the electron (anti)neutrino appearance anomalies

We explore the hypothesis that the unexplained data from LSND and MiniBooNE are evidence for a new, heavy neutrino mass-eigenstate that mixes with the muon-type neutrino and decays into an electron-type neutrino and a new, very light scalar particle. We consider two different decay scenarios, one with Majorana neutrinos, one with Dirac neutrinos; both fit the data equally well. We find a reasonable, albeit not excellent, fit to the data of MiniBooNE and LSND. The decaying-sterile-neutrino hypothesis, however, cleanly evades constraints from disappearance searches and precision measurements of leptonic meson decays, as long as $1~{\rm MeV}\gtrsim m_4\gtrsim 10$~keV. The SBN program at Fermilab should be able to definitively test the decaying-sterile-neutrino hypothesis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Growth Curve Parameterization of Metabolic Activity of Yeast Cells for BioSentinel

The goal of the BioSentinel small satellite payload is to measure the effect of deep space radiation on the growth and metabolic activity of yeast cells. Raw test data is generated by fluidics cards containing yeast cells rehydrated at different periods, with metabolic activity measured by the reduction of alamarBlue. Each card well has a sensor array that measures the amount of red, green, and infrared light transmitted through the yeast culture. This illumination data is then converted to absorbance values, which are further converted into concentrations. The ultimate objective is to convert these concentrations into biologically-relevant metrics that can be compared against one another to determine changes due to differential radiation exposure. Beginning with IR absorbance data (corresponding to cell density) from ground studies, three parameters from a sigmoidal growth curve were extracted and analyzed: 𝜆 (lag phase), 𝜇 (max growth rate), and A (max cell growth). The data was fit to the Gompertz model of microbial growth using non-linear regression (Minitab), as the fit error was reduced compared to the simpler logistic growth curve. Graphs showed that the data contained a discrepancy (drift) in the lag phase that is attributable to a slow, constant loss of moisture. Correcting this discrepancy by fitting the first 25 hours of the data to a power function and subtracting these values from the absorbance readings obtained a better statistical fit to the growth curve in the lag phase. A power fit was selected over a linear fit because it reflected the effects of constant volume loss. This correction to the BioSentinel data analysis pipeline will enable quantitative statistical analysis of the effect of different levels of deep space radiation on yeast cells. Future work includes automation of drift correction and curve modeling to extract these parameters directly from data.

Growth Curve↗
DOE OSTI2015

Does the first chaotic inflation model in supergravity provide the best fit to the Planck data?

I describe the first model of chaotic inflation in supergravity, which was proposed by Goncharov and the present author in 1983. The inflaton potential of this model has a plateau-type behavior V{sub 0}(1−(8/3) e{sup −√6|ϕ|}) at large values of the inflaton field. This model predicts n{sub s}=1−(2/N)≈0.967 and r=(4/(3N{sup 2}))≈4×10{sup −4}, in good agreement with the Planck data. I propose a slight generalization of this model, which allows to describe not only inflation but also dark energy and supersymmetry breaking.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Systematic study of the uncertainties in fitting the cosmic positron data by AMS-02

The operation of AMS-02 opens a new era for the study of cosmic ray physics with unprecedentedly precise data which are comparable with the laboratory measurements. The high precision data allow a quantitative study on the cosmic ray physics and give strict constraints on the nature of cosmic ray sources. However, the intrinsic errors from the theoretical models to interpret the data become dominant over the errors in the data. In the present work we try to give a systematic study on the uncertainties of the models to explain the AMS-02 positron fraction data, which shows the cosmic ray e{sup +}e{sup −} excesses together with the PAMELA and Fermi-LAT measurements. The excesses can be attributed to contributions from the extra e{sup +}e{sup −} sources, such as pulsars or the dark matter annihilation. The possible systematic uncertainties of the theoretical models considered include the cosmic ray propagation, the treatment of the low energy data, the solar modulation, the pp interaction models, the nuclei injection spectrum and so on. We find that in general a spectral hardening of the primary electron injection spectrum above ∼50–100 GeV is favored by the data. Furthermore, the present model uncertainties may lead to a factor of ∼2 enlargement in the determination of the parameter regions of the extra source, such as the dark matter mass, annihilation rate and so on.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

R K and future b → s ℓ ℓ physics beyond the standard model opportunities

Flavor changing neutral current |ΔB|=|ΔS|=1 processes are sensitive to possible new physics at the electroweak scale and beyond, providing detailed information about flavor, chirality and Lorentz structure. Recently the LHCb collaboration announced a 2.6σ deviation in the measurement of $R_K={\cal{B}}(\bar B \to \bar K \mu \mu)/{\cal{B}}(\bar B \to \bar K ee)$ from the standard model's prediction of lepton universality. We identify dimension six operators which could explain this deviation and study constraints from other measurements. Vector and axial-vector four-fermion operators with flavor structure $\bar s b \bar \ell \ell$ can provide a good description of the data. Tensor operators cannot describe the data. Pseudo-scalar and scalar operators only fit the data with some fine-tuning; they can be further probed with the $\bar B \to \bar K ee$ angular distribution. The data appears to point towards $C_9^{\rm NP \mu} = -C_{10}^{\rm NP \mu }<0$, an $SU(2)_{L}$ invariant direction in parameter space supported by R K , the $\bar B \to \bar K^* \mu \mu$ forward-backward asymmetry and the $\bar B_s \to \mu \mu$ branching ratio, which is currently allowed to be smaller than the standard model prediction. We present two leptoquark models which can explain the FCNC data and give predictions for the LHC and rare decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗